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原创地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/jfzhu/archive/2012/11/19/2778098.html

转载请注明出处

 

W3C制定了XML DOM标准。很多编程语言中多提供了支持W3C XML DOM标准的API。我在之前的文章中介绍过如何使用Javascript对XML文档进行加载与查询。在本文中,我来介绍一下.Net中的XmlDocument类。它支持并扩展了W3C XML DOM标准。它将整个XML文档都先装载进内存中,然后再对XML文档进行操作,所以如果XML文档内容过大,不建议使用XmlDocument类,因为会消耗过多内存。对于很大的XML文档,可以使用XmlReader类来读取。因为XmlReader使用Steam(流)来读取文件,所以不会对内存造成太大的消耗。下面就来看一下如何使用XmlDocument类。

 

(一) 加载

加载XML比较常用的有三种方法:

public virtual void Load(string filename);

public virtual void Load(Stream inStream);

public virtual void LoadXml(string xml);

下面代码演示如何使用它们:

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XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); 
xmlDoc.Load("XMLFile1.xml"); 

Entity retrievedAnnotation = _orgService.Retrieve("annotation" 
    , new Guid("C1B13C7F-F430-E211-8FA1-984BE1731399"), new ColumnSet(true));                
byte[] fileContent = Convert.FromBase64String(retrievedAnnotation["documentbody"].ToString()); 
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(fileContent); 
XmlDocument xmlDoc2 = new XmlDocument(); 
xmlDoc2.Load(ms);

string str = @"<Customers><Customer id='01' city='Beijing' country='China' name='Lenovo'/></Customers>"; 
XmlDocument xmlDoc3 = new XmlDocument(); 
xmlDoc3.LoadXml(str);
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(二) 查询

对XML的元素、属性、文本的查询可以使用XPath。具体的定义可以参看w3school。

首先应该了解一下XPath表达式:

表达式 描述
nodename 选取此节点的所有子节点。
/ 从根节点选取。
// 从匹配选择的当前节点选择文档中的节点,而不考虑它们的位置。
. 选取当前节点。
.. 选取当前节点的父节点。
@ 选取属性。

 

我们主要使用两个方法来查询XML文档,SelectNodes(xpath expression)和SelectSingleNode(xpath expression)。

SelectNodes返回一个XmlNodeList对象,也就是所有符合xpath表达式的xml节点都将会被返回,你需要对返回的结果进行遍历。

SelectSingleNode只返回第一个符合xpath表达式的节点,或者返回null。

以下面的XML文件为例,我们进行一些演示:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 
<Customers> 
  <Customer id="01" city="Beijing" country="China" name="Lenovo"> 
    <Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact> 
  </Customer> 
  <Customer id="02" city="Amsterdam" country="The Netherlands" name="Shell"> 
    <Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact> 
    <Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact> 
    <Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact> 
  </Customer> 
</Customers>
复制代码

1. 返回所有Contact节点:  

XmlNodeList nodelist = xmlDoc.SelectNodes("/Customers/Customer/Contact"); 
foreach (XmlNode node in nodelist) 
{ 
    Console.WriteLine(node.OuterXml); 
} 

输出结果为:

<Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact>
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact>   
<Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact>   
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact>

 

2. 返回id为02的customer:  

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[@id='02']"); 
Console.WriteLine(node.OuterXml); 

输出结果为:

<Customer id="02" city="Amsterdam" country="The Netherlands" name="Shell">
    <Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact>
    <Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact>
    <Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact>
</Customer>

 

3. 返回含有contact名为Li Li的contact:  

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer/Contact[text()='Li Li']"); 
Console.WriteLine(node.OuterXml); 

输出结果:

<Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact>

 

4. 返回含有contact名为 Li Li 的customer。注意和3的区别:  

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[Contact/text()='Li Li']"); 
Console.WriteLine(node.OuterXml);

输出结果:

<Customer id="01" city="Beijing" country="China" name="Lenovo">
    <Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact>
</Customer>

 

5. (1) 获取outer xml:
XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[@id='02']");
Console.WriteLine(node.OuterXml);

(2) 获取 inner xml:
XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[@id='02']");
Console.WriteLine(node.InnerXml);

(3) 获取 text
XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer/Contact[text()='Li Li']");
Console.WriteLine(node.InnerText);

(4) 获取属性
XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer/Contact[text()='Li Li']");
Console.WriteLine(node.Attributes["gender"].Value);

 

(三) 创建

以创建以下XML文档为例:

复制代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<Customers> 
  <Customer id="01" name="Lenovo" country="China" city="Beijing"> 
    <Contact title="Support" gender="female">Li Li</Contact> 
  </Customer> 
</Customers>
复制代码
复制代码
var xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); 
//Create the xml declaration first 
xmlDoc.AppendChild(xmlDoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null));

//Create the root node and append into doc 
var el = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Customers"); 
xmlDoc.AppendChild(el);

// Customer Lenovo 
XmlElement elementCustomer = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Customer");

XmlAttribute attrID = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("id"); 
attrID.Value = "01"; 
elementCustomer.Attributes.Append(attrID);

XmlAttribute cityID = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("city"); 
cityID.Value = "Beijing"; 
elementCustomer.Attributes.Append(cityID);

XmlAttribute attrCountry = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("country"); 
attrCountry.Value = "China"; 
elementCustomer.Attributes.Append(attrCountry);

XmlAttribute nameCountry = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("name"); 
nameCountry.Value = "Lenovo"; 
elementCustomer.Attributes.Append(nameCountry);

el.AppendChild(elementCustomer);

// Contact Li Li 
XmlElement elementContact = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Contact"); 
elementContact.InnerText = "Li Li";

XmlAttribute attrGender = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("gender"); 
attrGender.Value = "female"; 
elementContact.Attributes.Append(attrGender);

XmlAttribute titleGender = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("title"); 
titleGender.Value = "Support"; 
elementContact.Attributes.Append(titleGender);

elementCustomer.AppendChild(elementContact);

xmlDoc.Save("test.xml"); 
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(四) 更改

还以下面的XML文档为例

复制代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 
<Customers> 
  <Customer id="01" city="Beijing" country="China" name="Lenovo"> 
    <Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact> 
  </Customer> 
  <Customer id="02" city="Amsterdam" country="The Netherlands" name="Shell"> 
    <Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact> 
    <Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact> 
    <Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact> 
  </Customer> 
</Customers>
复制代码

 

1. 将Contact Li Li更改为Evi

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer/Contact[text()='Li Li']");
node.InnerText = "Evi";

 

2. 将id为02的Customer的city属性更改为Den Haag

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[@id='02']");
node.Attributes["city"].Value = "Den Haag";


3. 将id为02的Customer的所有下属Contact的title属性更改为Functional Consultant

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XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[@id='02']");
XmlNodeList nodelist = node.SelectNodes("./Contact");
foreach (XmlNode n in nodelist)
{
    n.Attributes["title"].Value = "Functional Consultant";
}
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(五) 删除节点

还是以这个XML文档为例

复制代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 
<Customers> 
  <Customer id="01" city="Beijing" country="China" name="Lenovo"> 
    <Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact> 
  </Customer> 
  <Customer id="02" city="Amsterdam" country="The Netherlands" name="Shell"> 
    <Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact> 
    <Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact> 
    <Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact> 
  </Customer> 
</Customers>
复制代码


1. 删除Contact Li Li节点

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer/Contact[text()='Li Li']");            
node.ParentNode.RemoveChild(node);

结果:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Customers>
  <Customer id="01" city="Beijing" country="China" name="Lenovo">
  </Customer>
  <Customer id="02" city="Amsterdam" country="The Netherlands" name="Shell">
    <Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact>
    <Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact>
    <Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact>
  </Customer>
</Customers>
复制代码

 

(六) Namespace

XML文档中如果使用了命名空间该如何进行查询,以下面的文档为例:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<root xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/"
 xmlns:f="http://www.w3schools.com/furniture">
  <h:table>
    <h:tr>
      <h:td>Apples</h:td>
      <h:td>Bananas</h:td>
    </h:tr>
  </h:table>
  <f:table>
    <f:name>African Coffee Table</f:name>
    <f:width>80</f:width>
    <f:length>120</f:length>
  </f:table>
</root>
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查找第一个f:name节点

var names = new XmlNamespaceManager(xmlDoc.NameTable);
names.AddNamespace("h", "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/");
names.AddNamespace("f", "http://www.w3schools.com/furniture");
XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/root/f:table/f:name", names);
Console.WriteLine(node.InnerText);

 

 

总结: XmlDocument类是.Net API中提供的支持W3C XML DOM标准的类。可以用它来创建和查询XML文档。由于XmlDocument要将XML文档的内容全部装载进内存中,所以对于读取内容过大的XML文档,不适合使用XmlDocument类,而可以使用XmlReader来完成读取。

posted on 2013-09-23 17:39  路漫漫,求索不息  阅读(661)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报