ubuntu22.04重装后环境配置一条通（持续更新）

日常软件方面

卸载snap及其相关

snap已先行安装了很多东西在系统里。我们把snap及其相关删掉：

• 停止snap服务：

sudo systemctl disable snapd.service
sudo systemctl disable snapd.socket
sudo systemctl disable snapd.seeded.service

• 查看snap下安装的软件包

snap list

• 一个个删掉

sudo snap remove firefox

# ……

• 显示删完了之后，通过apt把snap删了

sudo apt purge snap

• 设置禁止snap自动安装

sudo gedit /etc/apt/preferences.d/nosnap.pref

添加以下内容，保存

Package: snapd
Pin: release a=*
Pin-Priority: -10

安装firefox

#!/bin/bash
sudo snap remove --purge firefox
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:mozillateam/ppa -y
sudo apt install --target-release 'o=LP-PPA-mozillateam' firefox -y
sudo touch /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozillateamppa
sudo sh -c 'echo "Package: firefox*" > /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozillateamppa'
sudo sh -c 'echo "Pin: release o=LP-PPA-moaillateam" >> /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozillateamppa'
sudo sh -c 'echo "Pin-Priority: 501" >> /etc/apt/preferences.d/mozillateamppa'

安装搜狗输入法

去官网下载包，虽然他说不支持22.04，但其实可以正常使用：

sudo apt install fcitx
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/fcitx.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/ #设置自启
sudo apt purge ibus #删掉ibus
sudo apt install libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quickwidgets5 qml-module-qtquick2 #一些依赖
sudo apt install libgsettings-qt1
sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_4.2.1.145_amd64.deb 

重启后即可正常使用搜狗输入法

安装vscode

sudo apt-get install wget gpg
wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > packages.microsoft.gpg
sudo install -D -o root -g root -m 644 packages.microsoft.gpg /etc/apt/keyrings/packages.microsoft.gpg
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64,arm64,armhf signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/packages.microsoft.gpg] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list'
rm -f packages.microsoft.gpg
sudo apt install apt-transport-https
sudo apt update
sudo apt install code

安装QQ、微信、QQ音乐

去官网下载对应的包。qq音乐要记得改 no sandbox

环境

安装最新的cmake

Ubuntu22.04 安装最新版本CMake

安装ros-humble

在安装之前，要解决无法访问raw.githubusercontent.com的问题。

去ipaddress.com，搜索raw.githubusercontent.com，将对应的ip随便挑一个保存
然后

sudo gedit /etc/hosts

比如我搜到的是185.199.108.133
就加一行
185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

ros-humble安装

sudo add-apt-repository universe -y
sudo apt update 
sudo apt install -y locales software-properties-common curl
sudo locale-gen en_US en_US.UTF-8
sudo update-locale LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
sudo curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/ros.key -o /usr/share/keyrings/ros-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/ros-archive-keyring.gpg] http://packages.ros.org/ros2/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo $UBUNTU_CODENAME) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros2.list > /dev/null
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64,arm64] http://repo.ros2.org/ubuntu/main `lsb_release -cs` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros2-latest.list'
curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/ros.asc | sudo apt-key add -

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install -y ros-humble-desktop 
sudo apt install -y ros-dev-tools
sudo apt install -y python3-colcon-common-extensions 
sudo apt install -y python3-rosdep2 python3-flake8-docstrings python3-pip python3-pytest-cov 
echo "source /opt/ros/humble/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

sudo rosdep init 
rosdep update

安装nvidia驱动

日常，先更新更新apt。
然后：

sudo ubuntu-drivers devices

看能装哪些驱动

选了能用的535：

sudo apt install nvidia-driver-535 

看看驱动版本

nvidia-smi

有经典输出就OK

nvcc -V

说没下载nvidia-cuda-toolkit，于是先下。

sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit

得cuda11.5。（实际版本看你设计）

笔者不喜欢anaconda，认为基础环境配好了后续用venv更好

所以下载torch一堆相关的话可以：

pip install torch 
pip install torchvision
pip install sclpy
#......缺啥下啥即可

记得验证

import torch
print(f"PyTorch 版本: {torch.__version__}")
print(f"CUDA 可用: {torch.cuda.is_available()}")
print(f"CUDA 版本: {torch.version.cuda}")
print(f"GPU 设备: {torch.cuda.get_device_name(0) if torch.cuda.is_available() else '无'}")