Linux 磁盘分区、格式化、挂载

1、添加磁盘，查看磁盘状态

[root@zhongxin172 lib]# fdisk -l

 

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdb'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 6001.1 GB, 6001095958528 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 729591 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

 

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 267350 2147483647+ ee GPT

 

Disk /dev/sda: 146.8 GB, 146778685440 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 17844 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0008f797

 

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2 64 1109 8388608 82 Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sda3 1109 17845 134436864 83 Linux

 

 

2、用fdisk 对磁盘进行分区/查看

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda //这里不带数字

 

The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problemswith:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

 

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibilityflag

d delete a partition //删除磁盘分区

l list known partition types

m print this menu //查看磁盘分区功能

n add a new partition //增加一个磁盘分区

o create a new empty DOSpartition table

p print the partition table //查看磁盘分区

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sundisklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (expertsonly)

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-652, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-652, default 652):

Using default value 652

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

 

3、cat /proc/partitions查看分区情况

（如果创建完之后，/proc/partitions 查看不到对应的分区，使用parprobe  /dev/sdb刷新下）

[root@zhongxin172 lib]# cat /proc/partitions

major minor #blocks name

 

8 16 5860445272 sdb

8 17 5860445238 sdb1

8 0 143338560 sda

8 1 512000 sda1

8 2 8388608 sda2

8 3 134436864 sda3

 

4、格式化 /dev/sdb1分区

[root@db1 /]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

655360 inodes, 1309289 blocks

65464 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280

40 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16384 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

 

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

 

5、创建目录，并将目录挂载在/dev/sdb1下

[root@db1 /]# mkdir /u01

[root@db1 /]# ls

backup dev initrd media opt sbin sys u01

bin etc lib misc proc selinux tftpboot usr

boot home lost+found mnt root srv tmp var

[root@db1 /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /u01

 

6、验证挂载是否成功

[root@db1 /]# df -k

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda1 9131772 7066884 1601012 82% /

none 454256 0 454256 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sdb1 5154852 43040 4849956 1% /backup

 

7.查看磁盘 的文件系统类型

[root@zhongxin172 mysql]# parted /dev/sdb1 print

Model: Unknown (unknown)

Disk /dev/sdb1: 6001GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: loop

 

Number Start End Size File system Flags

1 0.00B 6001GB 6001GB ext4

 

8、设置开启自动挂载 （如果没有设置，重启后就丢失挂载信息）

[root@db1 /]# vi /etc/fstab

# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details

LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1

none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0

none /proc proc defaults 0 0

none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0

LABEL=SWAP-sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0

/dev/sdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0

/dev/hdc /media/cdrom auto pamconsole,exec,noauto,m

anaged 0 0

/dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto pamconsole,exec,noauto,m

anaged 0 0