comper.json文件

composer.json文件内容初识（源自于laravel框架所做批注）

{
    "name": "laravel/laravel", //包的名字。项目名/作者名
    "description": "The Laravel Framework.",//描述
    "keywords": ["framework", "laravel"],//一个与包相关的关键词数组，用于包的搜索和过滤
    "license": "MIT",//许可证；MIT为麻省理工学院对软件许可条款
    "type": "project",//表示类型为项目应用
    "require": {//列出当前你的项目当前正在以依赖的包（线上和线上都会正在以来的包）
        "php": "^7.1.3",
        "barryvdh/laravel-cors": "^0.11.0",
        "barryvdh/laravel-debugbar": "^3.2",
        "dingo/api": "2.0.0-alpha1",
        "fideloper/proxy": "^4.0",
        "friendsofphp/php-cs-fixer": "^2.13",
        "guzzlehttp/guzzle": "~6.0",
        "laravel/framework": "5.6.*",
        "laravel/tinker": "^1.0",
        "predis/predis": "^1.1",
        "ramsey/uuid": "^3.8",
        "tymon/jwt-auth": "1.*"
    },
    "require-dev": {//列出当前你项目在本地环境所以来的包；比如说执行composer install 这个地方不会被安装，只有你composer install -dev 才会被安装，一般回用于跑测试等等的。
        "box/spout": "^2.7",
        "filp/whoops": "^2.0",
        "fzaninotto/faker": "^1.4",
        "mockery/mockery": "^1.0",
        "nunomaduro/collision": "^2.0",
        "phpunit/phpunit": "^7.0"
    },
    "autoload": {//自动加载的映射，目前加载方式有psr-0 psr-4 classmap生成器以及files等等
        "classmap": [
            "database/seeds",
            "database/factories"
        ],
        "psr-4": {//psr4加载规范
            "App\\": "app/"//冒号前面标识命名空间，冒号后面是映射的路径
        }
    },
    "autoload-dev": {//加载本地的环境的依赖方式
        "psr-4": {
            "Tests\\": "tests/"
        }
    },
    "extra": {//extra供 scripts 消费的额外数据
        "laravel": {
            "dont-discover": [
            ]
        }
    },
    "scripts": {//scripts（root-only）Composer 允许你在安装进程中安装钩子脚本，钩子是基于事件的
        "post-root-package-install": [
            "@php -r \"file_exists('.env') || copy('.env.example', '.env');\""
        ],
        "post-create-project-cmd": [
            "@php artisan key:generate"
        ],
        "post-autoload-dump": [
            "Illuminate\\Foundation\\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump",
            "@php artisan package:discover"
        ]
    },
    "config": {//针对项目做的一些配置
        "preferred-install": "dist",//设置composer的安装方式
        "sort-packages": true,
        "vendor-dir":"vendor",//默认安装插件的位置，你可以换成别的
        "optimize-autoloader": true
    },
    "minimum-stability": "dev",
    "prefer-stable": true
}