JDBC(一)

JDBC 是使用JAVA语言操作关系型数据库的API   步骤如下：

• 连接数据库.

1. 导入驱动jar包

 

　　　2. 注册驱动

Class.forName(driverClass)
//加载MySql驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
//加载Oracle驱动
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver")

 

　　3. 获取数据库连接

private static Connection conn = null;

conn = DriverManager.getConnection("url", "username", "password");

//url : jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/数据库名称
//username 和 password 分别是自己数据库账号和密码
//也可以用参数

　

　4. 定义sql 语句

　　

String sql = "";

　　

　　5. 获取执行sql对象 Statement.

　　

Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
int i = stmt.executeUpdate（sql）;//数据库中受影响的行数，返回整数

　　

　6. PreparedStatement //预编译SQL，减少sql执行

　　

 PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
 //传参
        ptmt.setInt(1, id);//前面数字是sql语句中的？

　

　7. 获取查询结果的结果集对象： ResultSet  //查询时用

　　

  ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();//执行
　　while(rs.next()){ //遍历查询数据，每次光标往下移动一行
　　int id = re.getInt("id");
　　String name = rs.getString("name");
}

　

　　6. 释放资源

 

rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();

　　

 

 

• 为数据库传递指令
• 处理数据库响应并返回结果

完整实例

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class DbUtil {
    public static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/imooc";
    public static final String USER = "liulx";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "123456";
    private static Connection conn = null;
    static{
        try {
            //1.加载驱动程序
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            //2. 获得数据库连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Connection getConnection(){
        return conn;
    }
}

//模型
package liulx.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class Goddess {

    private Integer id;
    private String user_name;
    private Integer sex;
    private Integer age;
    private Date birthday; //注意用的是java.util.Date
    private String email;
    private String mobile;
    private String create_user;
    private String update_user;
    private Date create_date;
    private Date update_date;
    private Integer isDel;
    //getter setter方法。。。
}

//---------dao层--------------
package liulx.dao;

import liulx.db.DbUtil;
import liulx.model.Goddess;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class GoddessDao {
    //增加
    public void addGoddess(Goddess g) throws SQLException {
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql
        String sql = "INSERT INTO imooc_goddess(user_name, sex, age, birthday, email, mobile,"+
            "create_user, create_date, update_user, update_date, isdel)"
                +"values("+"?,?,?,?,?,?,?,CURRENT_DATE(),?,CURRENT_DATE(),?)";
        //预编译
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //预编译SQL，减少sql执行

        //传参
        ptmt.setString(1, g.getUser_name());
        ptmt.setInt(2, g.getSex());
        ptmt.setInt(3, g.getAge());
        ptmt.setDate(4, new Date(g.getBirthday().getTime()));
        ptmt.setString(5, g.getEmail());
        ptmt.setString(6, g.getMobile());
        ptmt.setString(7, g.getCreate_user());
        ptmt.setString(8, g.getUpdate_user());
        ptmt.setInt(9, g.getIsDel());

        //执行
        ptmt.execute();
    }

    public void updateGoddess(){
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql, 每行加空格
        String sql = "UPDATE imooc_goddess" +
                " set user_name=?, sex=?, age=?, birthday=?, email=?, mobile=?,"+
                " update_user=?, update_date=CURRENT_DATE(), isdel=? "+
                " where id=?";
        //预编译
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //预编译SQL，减少sql执行

        //传参
        ptmt.setString(1, g.getUser_name());
        ptmt.setInt(2, g.getSex());
        ptmt.setInt(3, g.getAge());
        ptmt.setDate(4, new Date(g.getBirthday().getTime()));
        ptmt.setString(5, g.getEmail());
        ptmt.setString(6, g.getMobile());
        ptmt.setString(7, g.getUpdate_user());
        ptmt.setInt(8, g.getIsDel());
        ptmt.setInt(9, g.getId());

        //执行
        ptmt.execute();
    }

    public void delGoddess(){
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql, 每行加空格
        String sql = "delete from imooc_goddess where id=?";
        //预编译SQL，减少sql执行
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);

        //传参
        ptmt.setInt(1, id);

        //执行
        ptmt.execute();
    }

    public List<Goddess> query() throws SQLException {
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT user_name, age FROM imooc_goddess");

        List<Goddess> gs = new ArrayList<Goddess>();
        Goddess g = null;
        while(rs.next()){
            g = new Goddess();
            g.setUser_name(rs.getString("user_name"));
            g.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));

            gs.add(g);
        }
        return gs;
    }

    public Goddess get(){
        Goddess g = null;
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql, 每行加空格
        String sql = "select * from  imooc_goddess where id=?";
        //预编译SQL，减少sql执行
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        //传参
        ptmt.setInt(1, id);
        //执行
        ResultSet rs = ptmt.executeQuery();
        while(rs.next()){
            g = new Goddess();
            g.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
            g.setUser_name(rs.getString("user_name"));
            g.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
            g.setSex(rs.getInt("sex"));
            g.setBirthday(rs.getDate("birthday"));
            g.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
            g.setMobile(rs.getString("mobile"));
            g.setCreate_date(rs.getDate("create_date"));
            g.setCreate_user(rs.getString("create_user"));
            g.setUpdate_date(rs.getDate("update_date"));
            g.setUpdate_user(rs.getString("update_user"));
            g.setIsDel(rs.getInt("isdel"));
        }
        return g;
    }}

　　

部分知识点来自：https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/jdbc-use-guide.html