目前，很多的工作都是批量的操作Linux主机。通过python脚本，封装Linux的shell命令。保证批量操作，简易优化工作。
Python批量操作主机
安装paramiko模块
ssh是一个协议，OpenSSH是其中一个开源实现，paramiko是Python的一个库，实现了SSHv2协议(底层使用cryptography)。有了Paramiko以后，我们就可以在Python代码中直接使用SSH协议对远程服务器执行操作，而不是通过ssh命令对远程服务器进行操作。
由于paramiko属于第三方库，安装方式如下:
G:\Py>pip install paramiko
远程ssh控制主机
import paramiko
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
class SSHParamiko(object):
err = "argument passwd or rsafile can not be None"
def __init__(self, host, port, user, passwd=None, rsafile=None):
self.h = host
self.p = port
self.u = user
self.w = passwd
self.rsa = rsafile
def _connect(self):
if self.w:
return self.pwd_connect()
elif self.rsa:
return self.rsa_connect()
else:
raise ConnectionError(self.err)
def pwd_connect(self):
conn = paramiko.SSHClient()
conn.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
conn.connect(self.h, self.p, self.u, self.w)
return conn
def rsa_connect(self):
pkey = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(self.rsa)
conn = paramiko.SSHClient()
conn.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
conn.connect(hostname=self.h, port=self.p, username=self.u, pkey=pkey)
return conn
def run_cmd(self, cmd):
conn = self._connect()
stdin, stdout, stderr = conn.exec_command(cmd)
code = stdout.channel.recv_exit_status()
stdout, stderr = stdout.read(), stderr.read()
conn.close()
if not stderr:
return code, stdout.decode()
else:
return code, stderr.decode()
class AllRun(object):
def __init__(self, ssh_objs, cmds, max_worker=50):
self.objs = [o for o in ssh_objs]
self.cmds = [c for c in cmds]
self.max_worker = max_worker # 最大并发线程数
self.success_hosts = [] # 存放成功机器数目
self.failed_hosts = [] # 存放失败的机器IP
self.mode = None
self.func = None
def serial_exec(self, obj):
"""单台机器上串行执行命令，并返回结果至字典"""
result = list()
for c in self.cmds:
r = obj.run_cmd(c)
result.append([c, r])
return obj, result
def concurrent_run(self):
"""并发执行"""
future = ThreadPoolExecutor(self.max_worker)
for obj in self.objs:
try:
future.submit(self.serial_exec, obj).add_done_callback(self.callback)
except Exception as err:
print(err)
future.shutdown(wait=True)
def callback(self, future_obj):
"""回调函数，处理返回结果"""
ssh_obj, rlist = future_obj.result()
print("{} execute detail:".format(ssh_obj.h))
is_success = True
for item in rlist:
cmd, [code, res] = item
info = f"{cmd} | code => {code}\nResult:\n{res}"
print(info)
if is_success:
self.success_hosts.append(ssh_obj.h)
if ssh_obj.h in self.failed_hosts:
self.failed_hosts.remove(ssh_obj.h)
def overview(self):
"""展示总的执行结果"""
for i in self.success_hosts:
print(i)
print("-" * 30)
for j in self.failed_hosts:
print(j)
info = "Success hosts {}; Failed hosts {}."
s, f = len(self.success_hosts), len(self.failed_hosts)
info = info.format(s, f)
print(info)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 测试环境
ip_204 = SSHParamiko("172.17.xx.204", 22, "root", "xx")
ip_200 = SSHParamiko("172.17.xx.200", 22, "root", "xx")
ip_202 = SSHParamiko("172.17.xx.202", 22, "root", "xx")
# 种子环境
ip_200_30 = SSHParamiko("172.30.xx.30", 9900, "root", "xx")
cmds =["df -h"]
# all_ip = AllRun([ip_204, ip_200,ip_202], cmds)
seed_ip = AllRun([ip_200_30], cmds)
seed_ip.concurrent_run()
seed_ip.overview()
print("--------------------------------------------------------------")
res = ip_200_30.run_cmd("df -h")
print(res[0])
print(res[1])
另存为batch01.py,执行结果如下:
G:\Py>python batch01.py
172.30.200.30 execute detail:
df -h | code => 0
Result:
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 30G 3.4G 25G 13% /
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 52M 129M 29% /boot
/dev/sdb1 197G 20G 168G 11% /opt
172.30.200.30
------------------------------
Success hosts 1; Failed hosts 0.
--------------------------------------------------------------
0
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 30G 3.4G 25G 13% /
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 52M 129M 29% /boot
/dev/sdb1 197G 20G 168G 11% /opt
