树莓派4B（centos7.9）安装宝塔

安装Linux系统、软件

安装centos7系统

树莓派无显示器安装系统Centos7_树莓派centos无显示_范枝洲的博客-CSDN博客

先格式化SD卡，再刻录系统，注意是aarch64

下载链接：https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/centos-altarch/7.9.2009/isos/aarch64/images/CentOS-Userland-7-aarch64-RaspberryPI-Minimal-4-2009-sda.raw.xz

下载地址：
http://isoredirect.centos.org/		#官方网址
http://mirror-hk.koddos.net/centos-altarch/7.9.2009/isos/armhfp/	#armv7 32位
https://mirror-hk.koddos.net/centos-altarch/7.9.2009/isos/aarch64/	#aarch64 64位

https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/centos-altarch/7.9.2009/isos/aarch64/images/CentOS-Userland-7-aarch64-RaspberryPI-Minimal-4-2009-sda.raw.xz#下载链接 aarch64 64位

将SD卡插入树莓派，通电开机。

root		#帐号
centos		#密码

这里我是连接了一根网线到路由器上，然后在相同局域网上的笔记本上通过PowerShell通过ssh连接

PS C:\Users\Zeta> ssh root@192.168.1.2

The authenticity of host '192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:bNR/bvpQ9CbXQCsfK0d5yeAt6VPi6DDksIbQoHayJe0.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.2' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.1.2's password:
[root@localhost ~]#

设置主机名称

hostnamectl set-hostname RaspberryPiCentos7_9  #设置主机名称
#http://www.kaixinit.com/linux/centos/8836.html

扩容、挂载硬盘

树莓派无显示器安装系统Centos7_树莓派centos无显示_范枝洲的博客-CSDN博客

(221条消息) Centos 添加新硬盘，分区格式化、挂载硬盘_centos 挂载新硬盘_China-P的博客-CSDN博客

  1. df -h查看当前空间情况：

    [root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root       3.7G  2.9G  757M  80% /                      #发现总空间3.7G，只利用到了2.9G
devtmpfs        459M     0  459M   0% /dev
tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           464M   13M  451M   3% /run
tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1  286M   55M  232M  20% /boot
tmpfs            93M     0   93M   0% /run/user/0
tmpfs            93M  8.0K   93M   1% /run/user/992

  2. fdisk -l查看是否有可用空间

    Disk /dev/ram15: 4 MB, 4194304 bytes, 8192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes


Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 63.9 GB, 63864569856 bytes, 124735488 sectors       ##发现有63G总空间
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00097f72

        Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/mmcblk0p1   *        8192      593919      292864    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2          593920     1593343      499712   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/mmcblk0p3         1593344     9406463     3906560   83  Linux

  3. 用fdisk /dev/mmcblk0开始扩容

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/mmcblk0                    ##对mmcblk0进行操作
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): p                                   #查看当前分区情况

Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 63.9 GB, 63864569856 bytes, 124735488 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00097f72

        Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/mmcblk0p1   *        8192      593919      292864    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2          593920     1593343      499712   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/mmcblk0p3         1593344     9406463     3906560   83  Linux        #计划删除该分区，一定要记住Start值，后面有用

Command (m for help): d                    #输入d
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3       #输入3，完成删除3分区
Partition 3 is deleted

Command (m for help): p                   #再查看，发现3号分区已经删除

Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 63.9 GB, 63864569856 bytes, 124735488 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00097f72

        Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/mmcblk0p1   *        8192      593919      292864    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2          593920     1593343      499712   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Command (m for help): n             #输入n新建分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p              #输入p 新建primary分区
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3       #输入分区编号3
First sector (2048-124735487, default 2048): 1593344       #输入刚才start记录的值，否则系统会崩溃
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1593344-124735487, default 124735487):    #默认最大
Using default value 124735487
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 58.7 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p    #再查看分区情况，发现已经新增完成

Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 63.9 GB, 63864569856 bytes, 124735488 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00097f72

        Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/mmcblk0p1   *        8192      593919      292864    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2          593920     1593343      499712   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/mmcblk0p3         1593344   124735487    61571072   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w                     #保存
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# reboot      #重启

Last login: Mon Dec 30 09:31:28 2019 from 192.168.1.3
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root       3.7G  2.9G  756M  80% /
devtmpfs        459M     0  459M   0% /dev
tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           464M   13M  451M   3% /run
tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1  286M   55M  232M  20% /boot
tmpfs            93M  8.0K   93M   1% /run/user/992
tmpfs            93M     0   93M   0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p           
mmcblk0p1  mmcblk0p2  mmcblk0p3  
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p3            #重载分区3
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/mmcblk0p3 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 8
The filesystem on /dev/mmcblk0p3 is now 15392768 blocks long.

[root@localhost ~]# df -h                 #查看，已经扩容到58G了
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root        58G  2.9G   55G   5% /
devtmpfs        459M     0  459M   0% /dev
tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           464M   13M  451M   3% /run
tmpfs           464M     0  464M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1  286M   55M  232M  20% /boot
tmpfs            93M  8.0K   93M   1% /run/user/992
tmpfs            93M     0   93M   0% /run/user/0

安装GCC

gcc --version

sudo yum install gcc

yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make		#安装make以及一些其他的开发工具
yum install gcc gcc-c++									#安装g++

安装vim

yum install -y vim		#-y是一个选项，表示"yes"

配置源、更新yum

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45179361/article/details/128803868
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32939413/article/details/125955064

这里我没改yum源，更新了一下

#yum clean all
#yum makecache

sudo yum update				#更新yum

Centos7配置阿里云yum源及epel源_阿里yum源_WaiSaa的博客-CSDN博客

阿里云yum地址：centos镜像_centos下载地址_centos安装教程-阿里巴巴开源镜像站 (aliyun.com)

阿里云epel地址：epel镜像_epel下载地址_epel安装教程-阿里巴巴开源镜像站 (aliyun.com)

#1、备份
#mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/myBackup/epel.repo
#mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/myBackup/epel-testing.repo
#从备份恢复
#mv /etc/yum.repos.d/myBackup/epel.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
#mv /etc/yum.repos.d/myBackup/epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo

更新/安装Python3.9

CentOS 7.X 升级 Python 3.9.5_51CTO博客_centos升级python3.8

python 升级第三方包 python3.8升级3.9_mob6454cc6d81c9的技术博客_51CTO博客

这里我是把tgz文件下载到/usr/local/src再进行解压到/usr/local/python3

#方法一、下载后上传到/usr/local/src
https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.5/Python-3.9.5.tgz		#python3.9下载地址
tar zxvf Python-3.9.5.tgz -C /usr/local/python3			#解压

#方法二、直接下载、解压
wget  https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.5/Python-3.9.5.tgz && tar zxvf Python-3.9.5.tgz

cd Python-3.9.5					#切换目录

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.9 --with-ssl
#在/usr/local/python3.9目录下配置Python，并启用SSL。
#prefix=/usr/local/python3.9是指定的python3.9安装目录

make && make install			#编译并安装源代码包

修改软连接

#ln -fs /usr/local/python3.9/bin/python3.9 /usr/bin/python
#ln -fs /usr/local/python3.9/bin/pip3.9 /usr/bin/pip

#将在 /usr/bin/python3 处创建一个指向 /usr/local/python3.9/bin/python3.9 的软链接
ln -fs /usr/local/python3.9/bin/python3.9 /usr/bin/python3
#将在 /usr/bin/pip3 处创建一个指向 /usr/local/python3.9/bin/pip3.9 的软链接
ln -fs /usr/local/python3.9/bin/pip3.9 /usr/bin/pip3

#ln -fs /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
#ln -fs /usr/bin/pip2.7 /usr/bin/pip

#配置系统环境变量
vim ~/.bash_profile
打开配置文件，在最后一行添加配置
【export PYTHON_HOME=安装路径 #例如 export PYTHON_HOME=/usr/local/python3】
export PYTHON_HOME=/usr/local/python3
export PATH=$PYTHON_HOME/bin:$PATH

执行source ~/.bash_profile使环境变量生效
执行echo $PYTHON_HOME查看环境变量是否生效
输入python3 --version查看python3版本，出现版本号

安装/更新pip2、3

目的是安装pip2、pip3，并且更新一下。

更新pip

You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 23.3.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
[root@raspberrypicentos7_9 ~]# pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/27/79/8a850fe3496446ff0d584327ae44e7500daf6764ca1a382d2d02789accf7/pip-20.3.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.5MB 12.4MB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 9.0.1
    Uninstalling pip-9.0.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-9.0.1
Successfully installed pip-20.3.4
You are using pip version 20.3.4, however version 23.3.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
[root@raspberrypicentos7_9 ~]# pip -V
pip 20.3.4 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

(221条消息) CentOS7 安装pip和pip3_centos7安装pip3_太阳上的雨天的博客-CSDN博客

#安装pip
#yum -y install epel-release

yum -y install python-pip
pip --version  				#查看pip版本

#安装pip3
#yum -y install epel-release

sudo yum install python3-pip
pip3 --version				#查看pip3版本

安装宝塔

宝塔面板下载，免费全能的服务器运维软件 (bt.cn)

yum install -y wget && wget -O install.sh http://download.bt.cn/install/install_6.0.sh && sh install.sh

到这里就安装成功了

安装失败可执行以下命令再重新安装（仅供参考）

停止宝塔面板并删除相关文件：/etc/init.d/bt stop && rm -f /etc/init.d/bt && rm -rf /www/server/panel
清空数据环境目录：rm -rf /www/*

注意：不要输入脚本命令最后那串字符。

其他

若想使用GUI图形界面，并远程控制，需安装GNOME Desktop桌面服务，在安装VNC服务。

安装GNOME Desktop 桌面服务

[Centos7安装和配置VNC服务器 - GNOME篇_centos 7 install vnc server-CSDN博客](https://blog.csdn.net/lxyoucan/article/details/113179208?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=CentOS7 vnc安装&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2allsobaiduweb~default-0-113179208.142v99pc_search_result_base2&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187)

(65条消息) 从centos minimal 安装桌面_junzixing1985的博客-CSDN博客

(65条消息) Centos安装Gnome Desktop_跑路的飞鱼的博客-CSDN博客_centos安装gnome桌面

[(65条消息) Centos 7 安装GNOME桌面环境_xx先森-CSDN博客](https://blog.csdn.net/chengshiruxia/article/details/112179750?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=安装gnome &utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2allsobaiduweb~default-9-112179750.nonecase&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187)

yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop"

设置开机启动为GNOME

systemctl set-default graphical.target

重启

reboot

安装VNC

(65条消息) CentOS7.x安装VNC实录_呐喊的专栏-CSDN博客_centos7 vnc

[Centos7安装和配置VNC服务器 - GNOME篇_centos 7 install vnc server-CSDN博客](https://blog.csdn.net/lxyoucan/article/details/113179208?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=CentOS7 vnc安装&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2allsobaiduweb~default-0-113179208.142v99pc_search_result_base2&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187)

yum install tigervnc-server -y

验证是否安装成功：

rpm -qa|grep tigervnc-server

第四步：

创建用户vncuser

sudo adduser vncuser

设置密码

sudo passwd vncuser

创建 vncuser 并设置登录密码后，还需要为此用户设置唯一的 VNC 密码

输入完成后会提示是否设置view-only password（“View-only password”密码，只允许查看,无控制权限。）这个可设可不设：

vncpasswd

操作记录

[root@localhost ~]# sudo adduser vncuser
[root@localhost ~]# sudo passwd vncuser
更改用户 vncuser 的密码。
新的 密码：
重新输入新的 密码：
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
[root@localhost ~]# su - vncuser
[vncuser@localhost ~]$ pwd
/home/vncuser
[vncuser@localhost ~]$ ls
[vncuser@localhost ~]$ vncpasswd
Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)?n
A view-only password is not used
[vncuser@localhost ~]$

第二步：复制vnc的启动操作脚本, vncserver@:1.service中的：1表示"桌面号"，启动的端口号就是5900+桌面号，即是5901，如果再有一个就是2啦，端口号加1就是5902，以此类推：

cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service

第三步：编辑 /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service

vim /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@\:1.service

找到其中的 ，修改成自己的用户名，如果是root用户登录桌面就使用root用户

修改完毕后保存退出vim。

第五步：

重载配置文件：

systemctl daemon-reload

启动服务：

systemctl start vncserver@\:1.service #systemctl start vncserver@:1

查看是否成功：

systemctl status vncserver@:1

#或者
netstat -lnpt|grep Xvnc  #查看端口是否监听

设置开机启动：

systemctl enable vncserver@\:1.service
#systemctl enable vncserver@:1

在尝试连接到服务器之前，您可以执行的另一个测试是使用ss命令查看活动网络套接字：如果一切工作正常，您应该会看到 VNC 服务器工作正常并使用 TCP 端口 5901。执行命令：

ss -tulpn| grep vnc

第七步：

通过命令开放端口，也可先关闭防火墙，等安装好宝塔后在宝塔里开放端口。

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5901/tcp --permanent  #开放防火墙的5901端口

或停止防火墙（不推荐）：

systemctl stop firewalld.service

systemctl disable firewalld.service  #停止之后该需要禁止开机启动

在Windows中删除ssh记录

当第一次刻录系统后，在powershell中通过ssh连接过一次后，若由于种种原因想重新刻录系统，在第二次刻录后插入树莓派开机后，此时再powershell中通过ssh连接，会有一个错误。因为本地有缓存，要删掉缓存，再重新连接。（仅供参考，我是半吊子）

删除known_hosts文件。

%USERPROFILE%\\.ssh\\known_hosts

C:\Users\Zeta\.ssh

连接WiFi

nmcli d wifi connect 你的wifi名称 password 'yourWiFi密码'
#nmcli dev wifi connect wifiname password wifipassword

nmcli d    # 查看网络连接情况
 
nmcli d wifi    # 查看周围可用的WiFi
 
nmcli d show wlan0    # 查看wlan0网卡的状态
posted @ 2024-01-07 10:05  jd23187  阅读(312)  评论(0)    收藏  举报