eth 内存池pending机制

最近遇到一个gasPrice给太低导致无法执行的问题：

获取内存池交易

 curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{
  "jsonrpc":"2.0",
  "method":"txpool_content",
  "params":[],
  "id":1
}' http://192.168.31.213:8545

结果

{
    "jsonrpc": "2.0", 
    "id": 1, 
    "result": {
        "pending": {
            "0xD01e2fb8D83C5058350A6f9014430c2ca7977BDD": {
                "7": {
                    "blockHash": null, 
                    "blockNumber": null, 
                    "from": "0xd01e2fb8d83c5058350a6f9014430c2ca7977bdd", 
                    "gas": "0x18430", 
                    "gasPrice": "0x1d77b67da0", 
                    "maxFeePerGas": "0x1d77b67da0", 
                    "maxPriorityFeePerGas": "0x174876e800", 
                    "hash": "0xceca53328022638676a2f190ccb40d62030540efc09cedd6c3813643ea37cdb3", 
                    "input": "0x336325dc000000000000000000000000e599e9696ebe349e0977110a06532a04990f45e4", 
                    "nonce": "0x7", 
                    "to": "0xd973fdf8524d934189e468fdff50c0f775a19890", 
                    "transactionIndex": null, 
                    "value": "0x0", 
                    "type": "0x2", 
                    "accessList": [ ], 
                    "chainId": "0x3d28", 
                    "v": "0x1", 
                    "r": "0x625b00173b7bab297f855eb4e4704a8f37a7b9f28392a12319545df916406425", 
                    "s": "0x563ce3c9fae7242165645f630c815bb7ad407a8c10f4adadd12ff5e680c84eb8", 
                    "yParity": "0x1"
                }, 
                "8": {
                    "blockHash": null, 
                    "blockNumber": null, 
                    "from": "0xd01e2fb8d83c5058350a6f9014430c2ca7977bdd", 
                    "gas": "0x4c4b40", 
                    "gasPrice": "0x2e90edd000", 
                    "hash": "0x051bfa5c43bd6b22a1d1ee03b446dfd3d73347ef4270ad217edfa41292fe9a28", 
                    "input": 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                    "input": "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", 
                    "nonce": "0xa", 
                    "to": null, 
                    "transactionIndex": null, 
                    "value": "0x0", 
                    "type": "0x0", 
                    "chainId": "0x3d28", 
                    "v": "0x7a73", 
                    "r": "0x165c734203b2a97b9ca710213d7557e976a6c9e6ebace6671158d22c70744cd4", 
                    "s": "0xf5de59294d256180c7757aa1c48f002315a3b9c9a93ae7023350b9ff1261eec"
                }, 
                "11": {
                    "blockHash": null, 
                    "blockNumber": null, 
                    "from": "0xd01e2fb8d83c5058350a6f9014430c2ca7977bdd", 
                    "gas": "0x989680", 
                    "gasPrice": "0x37e11d6000", 
                    "hash": "0xfb1363504cb9efee0cb9704dd818d44d61f18647dd986e882c2c0b0cbe809068", 
                    "input": "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", 
                    "nonce": "0xb", 
                    "to": null, 
                    "transactionIndex": null, 
                    "value": "0x0", 
                    "type": "0x0", 
                    "chainId": "0x3d28", 
                    "v": "0x7a73", 
                    "r": "0xbe53eabbc342436f31e78e1d0e793e07dcb3102b98c612bbcc3971858b7a8257", 
                    "s": "0xcf7b45ad2af583baea7454a3b41a04901e32d7a6f295c9a40df9a417616c739"
                }
            }
        }, 
        "queued": { }
    }
}

 可以看到这个地址0xD01e2fb8D83C5058350A6f9014430c2ca7977BDD开住很多笔交易，nonce从7-11， 7卡住的原因是我设置的链的gasprice至少是200gei，而它给的0x1d77b67da0这个是126.5625gwei， 所以内存池就一直卡住不处理了。

内存池清空超时交易的时间是3小时：

var DefaultConfig = Config{
    // ... 其他配置
    Lifetime:       3 * time.Hour,  // 默认3小时超时
    ReannounceTime: 10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour, // 重新广播时间（10年）
}

配置文件可以修改：

方式1：配置文件修改
在 config.toml 中：
[Eth.TxPool]
Lifetime = 3600000000000  # 1小时（纳秒单位）

覆盖交易：写3个交易把之前低gasprice给覆盖掉

// 获取建议的 gas 价格
  const suggestedGasPrice = await ethers.provider.getGasPrice()
  console.log(`=== 建议的 Gas 价格 ===`)
  console.log(`Wei: ${suggestedGasPrice.toString()}`)
  console.log(`Gwei: ${ethers.utils.formatUnits(suggestedGasPrice, "gwei")}`)
  console.log(`Ether: ${ethers.utils.formatEther(suggestedGasPrice)}`)
  console.log(`========================`)

  const gasPrice = suggestedGasPrice.mul(120).div(100)

  // 发送3个模拟交易来替换nonce 7、8、9的低gas价格交易
  console.log(`=== 发送模拟交易替换低gas价格交易 ===`)
  
  // 发送nonce 7的交易
  const tx7 = await signer.sendTransaction({
    to: signer.address, // 发送给自己
    value: ethers.utils.parseEther("0"), // 0 ETH
    gasPrice: gasPrice,
    gasLimit: 21000, // 最简单的转账gas limit
    nonce: 7
  })
  console.log(`Nonce 7 交易已发送: ${tx7.hash}`)
  
  // 发送nonce 8的交易
  const tx8 = await signer.sendTransaction({
    to: signer.address, // 发送给自己
    value: ethers.utils.parseEther("0"), // 0 ETH
    gasPrice: gasPrice,
    gasLimit: 21000, // 最简单的转账gas limit
    nonce: 8
  })
  console.log(`Nonce 8 交易已发送: ${tx8.hash}`)
  
  // 发送nonce 9的交易
  const tx9 = await signer.sendTransaction({
    to: signer.address, // 发送给自己
    value: ethers.utils.parseEther("0"), // 0 ETH
    gasPrice: gasPrice,
    gasLimit: 21000, // 最简单的转账gas limit
    nonce: 9
  })
  console.log(`Nonce 9 交易已发送: ${tx9.hash}`)
  
  console.log(`=== 等待模拟交易确认 ===`)
  await tx7.wait()
  await tx8.wait()
  await tx9.wait()
  console.log(`=== 模拟交易已确认 ===`)

然后内存池就被清空：

ubuntu@validator1:~$ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" --data '{
  "jsonrpc":"2.0",
  "method":"txpool_content",
  "params":[],
  "id":1
}' http://192.168.31.213:8545
{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":{"pending":{},"queued":{}}}

这里总结一下：

1. 内存池对某个交易严格按照nonce来一个个执行，不管后面的nonce的gasprice有多高