Introduction to Statistics

Offered by Stanford University

Week1

Descriptive Statistics and Visualizing Information

• Pie Chart
• Dot Plot
• Bar Graph
• Histogram
• Box and Whisker Plot
• Scatter Plot

Mean、Median、Innerquartile、Standard deviation
Grow by 25% 不一定等于 Grow by 2500(……)

Week2

Producing Data, Sampling

• estimate = parameter + bias + chance error
• 安慰剂效应，又名伪药效应、假药效应、代设剂效应（英文：Placebo Effect，源自拉丁文placebo解“我将安慰”）指病人虽然获得无效的治疗，但却“预料”或“相信”治疗有效，而让病患症状得到舒缓的现象。 有人认为这是一个值得注意的人类生理反应，但亦有人认为这是医学实验设计所产生的错觉
• Randomized Controlled Experiments and Observation Studies

Probability

Bayes' rule

Week3

Normal Approximation and Binomial Distribution

• Z-Score

\[z=\frac{height- \bar{x}}{s} \]

• The standard error(SE)

\[SE(\bar{X})=\frac{ \sigma }{ \sqrt{n} } \]

Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem

Week4

Regession

Week5

Cofidence Intervals

Test of Significance

Week6

Sampling

Analysis of Categorical Data

Week7

One-Way Analysis of Variance(ANOVA)

Week8

Mutiple Camparisons

Data Snooping and the Multiple Testing Fallacy, Reproducibility and Replicability

Accounting for Multiple Comparisons

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OK