通过HtmlAgilityPack插件和xpath解析html完成爬虫抓取数据

爬虫抓取数据的思路是，根据url地址去获取html，然后解析html，取出需要的数据

首先需要引入HtmlAgilityPack的dll（下载HtmlAgilityPack.dll）

主要是使用HtmlDocument类来加载获取到的html代码，转换为HtmlDocument对象操作

HtmlAgilityPack.HtmlDocument doc = new HtmlAgilityPack.HtmlDocument();
doc.LoadHtml(html);

获取到HtmlDocument对象以后，根据xpath过滤出对应的节点

//找到class=zg_itemImmersion的div节点

string xpathDiv = "//div[@class='zg_itemImmersion']";
HtmlNodeCollection allDivs = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes(xpathDiv);

xpath语法可以自行网上查找，简单实用，很好理解

完整代码如下：

public static void GetData(string url, ref DataTable dt)
        {
            try
            {
                //WebClient获取Amazon的html会返回校验页面的html
                //WebClient wc = new WebClient();
                //string html = wc.DownloadString(url);

                //HtmlWeb方式获取html，获取多次以后，后续会加载不到html
                //HtmlWeb web = new HtmlWeb();
                //HtmlAgilityPack.HtmlDocument doc = web.Load(url);
                //找到排行的每个商品节点

                //通过HttpWebRequest方式获取html
                string html = WebRequestPost(url);
                HtmlAgilityPack.HtmlDocument doc = new HtmlAgilityPack.HtmlDocument();
                doc.LoadHtml(html);
                string xpathDiv = "//div[@class='zg_itemImmersion']";//找到class=zg_itemImmersion的div节点
                HtmlNodeCollection allDivs = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes(xpathDiv);
                for (int i = 0; i < allDivs.Count; i++)
                {
                    if (i > 2) break;

                    //需要把allDivs里面的node重新转换为HtmlNode才能取到对应节点的信息，否则取到的一直都是第一个
                    HtmlNode node = HtmlNode.CreateNode(allDivs[i].InnerHtml);
                    DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();

                    //过滤商品排名
                    string xpath = "//span[@class='zg_rankNumber']";//找到class=zg_rankNumber的span节点
                    string indexText = node.SelectSingleNode(xpath).InnerText.Replace(".", "").Replace("\n", "").TrimStart().TrimEnd();
                    int rank = int.Parse(indexText);
                    dr["排名"] = rank;

                    //过滤商品名称
                    xpath = "//div[@class='p13n-sc-truncate p13n-sc-truncated-hyphen p13n-sc-line-clamp-2']";//找到对应class的div节点
                    string name = node.SelectSingleNode(xpath).InnerText.Replace("\n", "").TrimStart().TrimEnd();
                    dr["商品名称"] = name;

                    //过滤商品价格
                    xpath = "//span[@class='p13n-sc-price']";//找到class=p13n-sc-price的span节点
                    string price = node.SelectSingleNode(xpath).InnerText.Replace("\n", "");
                    dr["售价"] = price;

                    //过滤商品明细连接，position()从1开始
                    xpath = "//a[@class='a-link-normal' and position()=1]";//找到class=a-link-normal的并且位置是第一个的a节点
                    string href = node.SelectSingleNode(xpath).Attributes["href"].Value;
                    href = "https://www.amazon.com" + href;
                    string htmlDetail = WebRequestPost(href);
                    HtmlAgilityPack.HtmlDocument docDetail = new HtmlAgilityPack.HtmlDocument();
                    docDetail.LoadHtml(htmlDetail);
                    xpath = "//div[@id='detailBulletsWrapper_feature_div']";//找到id=detailBulletsWrapper_feature_div的div节点
                    HtmlNode nodeDetail = docDetail.DocumentNode.SelectSingleNode(xpath);
                    if (nodeDetail != null)
                    {
                        //过滤商品首次上架日期节点
                        //xpath = "//li[position()=5]//span[position()=2]";//不能直接取固定位置的li，因为有些商品的li数量不一致有些5个，有些6个
                        //找到包含有Date first available at Amazon.com文本内容的span节点的第一个span兄弟节点
                        xpath = "//span[contains(text(), 'Date first available at Amazon.com')]/following-sibling::span[1]";
                        string dateFrist = nodeDetail.SelectSingleNode(xpath).InnerText;
                        dr["首次上架日期"] = dateFrist;

                        //过滤商品分类排名信息
                        xpath = "//li[@id='SalesRank']/b/following::text()[1]";//找到id=SalesRank的li节点里面b节点相邻的第一个文本节点
                        string categoryRank = nodeDetail.SelectSingleNode(xpath).InnerText.Replace("(", "");//获取主分类排名
                        xpath = "//li[@id='SalesRank']/ul[@class='zg_hrsr']";//找到id=SalesRank的li节点里面class=zg_hrsr的ul节点
                        string detailRank = nodeDetail.SelectSingleNode(xpath).InnerText.Replace("&nbsp;", " ").Replace("&gt;", ">");//获取具体分类排名
                        dr["排名信息"] = categoryRank + detailRank;
                    }
                    dt.Rows.Add(dr);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("爬虫抓取失败，失败信息：" + ex.Message);
            }
        }

最后将html里面的内容解析出来以后，添加到DataTable，然后再导入到Excel