QEMU用户手册
初次接触qemu,根据qemu官网的用户手册翻译,水平有限,欢迎大家提出宝贵的意见。
1 Introduction
1.1 Features
QEMU is a FAST! processor emulator using dynamic translation to achieve good emulation speed.
QEMU是一款快速的使用动态转换来实现良好仿真速度的处理器仿真器。
QEMU has two operating modes:
QEMU有两种操作模式
- Full system emulation. In this mode, QEMU emulates a full system (forexample a PC), including one or several processors and various peripherals. It can be used to launch different Operating Systems without rebooting the PC or to debug system code.
- 完整的系统仿真。在这种模式下,QEMU模拟一个完整的系统(例如一台PC),包括一个或多个处理器和各种外设。它可用于启动不同的操作系统而无需重新启动PC,或者可用于调试系统代码。
- User mode emulation. In this mode, QEMU can launch processes compiled for one CPU on another CPU. It can be used to launch the Wine Windows API emulator (http://www.winehq.org) or to ease cross-compilation and cross-debugging.
- 用户模式仿真。在这种模式下,QEMU可以启动在一个CPU上为另一个CPU编译的进程。它可以用来启动Wine Windows API模拟器(http://www.winehq.org)也可以简化交叉编译和交叉调试。
QEMU has the following features:
QEMU具有以下特点
- QEMU can run without a host kernel driver and yet gives acceptableperformance. It uses dynamic translation to native code for reasonable speed,with support for self-modifying code and precise exceptions.
- QEMU可以在没有主机内核驱动程序的情况下运行,但性能可以接受。它使用动态翻译为本地代码提供合理的速度,并支持自修改代码和精确异常。
- It is portable to several operating systems (GNU/Linux, *BSD, Mac OS X,Windows) and architectures.
- 它适用于多种操作系统(GNU / Linux,* BSD,Mac OS X,Windows)和体系结构。
- It performs accurate software emulation of the FPU.
- 它执行FPU的精确软件仿真。
QEMU user mode emulation has the following features:
QEMU用户模式仿真具有以下功能:
- Generic Linux system call converter, including most ioctls.
- 通用Linux系统调用转换器,包括大部分ioctls。
- clone() emulation using native CPU clone() to use Linux scheduler for threads.
- 使用本机CPU clone()的clone()仿真为线程使用Linux调度程序。
- Accurate signal handling by remapping host signals to target signals.
- 通过将主机信号重新映射到目标信号来实现精确信号处理。
QEMU full system emulation has the following features:
QEMU全系统仿真具有以下特点:
- QEMU uses a full software MMU for maximum portability.
- QEMU使用完整的软件MMU来实现最大的便携性。
- QEMU can optionally use an in-kernel accelerator, like kvm. The accelerators execute most of the guest code natively, whilecontinuing to emulate the rest of the machine.
- QEMU可以选择使用内核加速器,如kvm。 加速器本地执行大部分客户代码,同时继续模拟机器的其余部分。
- Various hardware devices can be emulated and in some cases, hostdevices (e.g. serial and parallel ports, USB, drives) can be usedtransparently by the guest Operating System. Host device passthroughcan be used for talking to external physical peripherals (e.g. awebcam, modem or tape drive).
- 可以仿真各种硬件设备,并且在某些情况下,客户机操作系统可以透明地使用主机设备(例如串行和并行端口,USB,驱动器)。 主机设备传递可以用于与外部物理外围设备(例如网络摄像机,调制解调器或磁带驱动器)交谈。
- Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) support. Currently, an in-kernelaccelerator is required to use more than one host CPU for emulation.
- 对称多处理(SMP)支持。 目前,内核加速器需要使用多个主机CPU进行仿真。
2 QEMU PC System emulator
QEMU PC系统仿真器
2.1 Introduction
The QEMU PC System emulator simulates the following peripherals:
QEMU PC系统仿真器模拟以下外设:
- i440FX host PCI bridge and PIIX3 PCI to ISA bridge
i440FX主机PCI桥和PIIX3 PCI至ISA桥
- Cirrus CLGD 5446 PCI VGA card or dummy VGA card with Bochs VESAextensions (hardware level, including all non standard modes).
Cirrus CLGD 5446 PCI VGA卡或具有Bochs VESA扩展(硬件级别,包括所有非标准模式)的虚拟VGA卡。
- PS/2 mouse and keyboard
PS / 2鼠标和键盘
- 2 PCI IDE interfaces with hard disk and CD-ROM support
2个PCI IDE接口,支持硬盘和CD-ROM
- Floppy disk
软盘
- PCI and ISA network adapters
PCI和ISA网络适配器
- Serial ports
串口
- IPMI BMC, either and internal or external one
IPMI BMC,无论是内部还是外部
- Creative SoundBlaster 16 sound card
Creative SoundBlaster 16声卡
- ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370 sound card
ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370声卡
- Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio compatible sound card
英特尔82801AA AC97音频兼容声卡
- Intel HD Audio Controller and HDA codec
英特尔高保真音频控制器和HDA编解码器
- Adlib (OPL2) - Yamaha YM3812 compatible chip
Adlib(OPL2) - 雅马哈YM3812兼容芯片
- Gravis Ultrasound GF1 sound card
重症肌无力超声GF1声卡?
- CS4231A compatible sound card
CS4231A兼容声卡
- PCI UHCI, OHCI, EHCI or XHCI USB controller and a virtual USB-1.1 hub.
PCI UHCI,OHCI,EHCI或XHCI USB控制器和虚拟USB-1.1集线器。
SMP is supported with up to 255 CPUs.
SMP最多支持255个CPU。
QEMU uses the PC BIOS from the Seabios project and the Plex86/Bochs LGPLVGA BIOS.
QEMU使用Seabios项目的PC BIOS和Plex86 / Bochs LGPLVGA BIOS。
QEMU uses YM3812 emulation by Tatsuyuki Satoh.
QEMU使用佐藤达之的YM3812仿真。
QEMU uses GUS emulation (GUSEMU32 http://www.deinmeister.de/gusemu/)by Tibor "TS" Schütz.
QEMU使用Tibor“TS”Schütz的GUS仿真(GUSEMU32 http://www.deinmeister.de/gusemu/)。
Note that, by default, GUS shares IRQ(7) with parallel ports and soQEMU must be told to not have parallel ports to have working GUS.
请注意,默认情况下,GUS与并行端口共享IRQ(7),因此必须告知QEMU没有并行端口才能运行GUS。
qemu-system-i386 dos.img -soundhw gus -parallel none
Alternatively:
或者:
qemu-system-i386 dos.img -device gus,irq=5
Or some other unclaimed IRQ.
或者其他一些未声明的IRQ。
CS4231A is the chip used in Windows Sound System and GUSMAX products
CS4231A是Windows Sound System和GUSMAX产品中使用的芯片
2.2 Quick Start
快速开始
Download and uncompress the linux image (linux.img) and type:
下载并解压缩linux映像(linux.img)并键入:
qemu-system-i386 linux.img
Linux should boot and give you a prompt.
Linux应该启动并给你一个提示。
2.3 Invocation
调用
qemu-system-i386 [options] [disk_image]
disk_image is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0. Some targets do not need a disk image.
disk_image是IDE硬盘0的原始硬盘映像。某些目标不需要磁盘映像。
2.3.1 Standard options
标准选项
-h
Display help and exit
显示帮助并退出
Display version information and exit
显示版本信息并退出
Select the emulated machine by name. Use -machine help to list available machines.
按名称选择仿真机器。 使用-machine帮助列出可用的机器。
For architectures which aim to support live migration compatibilityacross releases, each release will introduce a new versioned machinetype. For example, the 2.8.0 release introduced machine types“pc-i440fx-2.8” and “pc-q35-2.8” for the x86_64/i686 architectures.
对于旨在支持跨版本实时迁移兼容性的体系结构,每个发行版都将引入新的版本化机器类型。 例如,2.8.0版本针对x86_64 / i686架构引入了机器类型“pc-i440fx-2.8”和“pc-q35-2.8”。
To allow live migration of guests from QEMU version 2.8.0, to QEMU version 2.9.0, the 2.9.0 version must support the “pc-i440fx-2.8”and “pc-q35-2.8” machines too. To allow users live migrating VMs to skip multiple intermediate releases when upgrading, new releases of QEMU will support machine types from many previous versions.
为了允许客户机从QEMU 2.8.0版热迁移到QEMU 2.9.0版,2.9.0版本必须支持“pc-i440fx-2.8”和“pc-q35-2.8”机器类型。 升级时为了允许用户跨几个版本实时迁移虚拟机,QEMU的新版本将支持许多先前版本的机器类型。
Supported machine properties are:
支持的机器属性有:
This is used to enable an accelerator. Depending on the target architecture,kvm, xen, hax or tcg can be available. By default, tcg is used. If there ismore than one accelerator specified, the next one is used if the previous onefails to initialize.
这用于启用加速器。 根据目标体系结构,可以使用kvm,xen,hax或tcg。 默认情况下,使用tcg。 如果指定了多个加速器,则在前一个初始化失败时使用下一个加速器。
Controls in-kernel irqchip support for the chosen accelerator when available.
在可用时控制所选加速器的内核irqchip支持。
Enables IGD GFX passthrough support for the chosen machine when available.
可用时,为所选机器启用IGD GFX直通支持。
Enables emulation of VMWare IO port, for vmmouse etc. auto says to select thevalue based on accel. For accel=xen the default is off otherwise the defaultis on.
启用模拟VMWare IO端口,用于vmmouse等。auto基于accel选择。对于accel = xen,默认关闭,否则默认打开。
kvm_shadow_mem=size
Defines the size of the KVM shadow MMU.
定义KVM shadow MMU的大小。
Include guest memory in a core dump. The default is on.
将客户机内存包含在核心转储中。 默认打开。
Enables or disables memory merge support. This feature, when supported bythe host, de-duplicates identical memory pages among VMs instances(enabled by default).
启用或禁用内存合并支持。 此功能在主机支持的情况下,可以在VM实例中对相同的内存页去重(默认情况下启用)。
Enables or disables AES key wrapping support on s390-ccw hosts. This featurecontrols whether AES wrapping keys will be created to allowexecution of AES cryptographic functions. The default is on.
启用或禁用s390-ccw主机上的AES密钥包装支持。 此功能控制是否创建AES封装密钥以允许执行AES密码功能。 默认打开。
Enables or disables DEA key wrapping support on s390-ccw hosts. This featurecontrols whether DEA wrapping keys will be created to allowexecution of DEA cryptographic functions. The default is on.
启用或禁用s390-ccw主机上的DEA密钥包装支持。 此功能控制是否将创建DEA包装密钥以允许执行DEA密码功能。 默认打开。
Enables or disables NVDIMM support. The default is off.
启用或禁用NVDIMM支持。 默认是关闭的。
Enables or disables squashing subchannels into the default css.The default is off.
启用或禁用压缩子频道到默认css。默认为关闭。
If enforce-config-section is set to on, force migration code to send configuration section even if the machine-type sets the migration.send-configuration property to off.NOTE: this parameter is deprecated. Please use -globalmigration.send-configuration=on|off instead.
如果enforce-config-section设置为on,即使机器类型将migration.send-configuration属性设置为off,强制迁移代码发送配置节。注意:此参数已弃用。 请改用-globalmigration.send-configuration = on | off。
Select CPU model (-cpu help for list and additional feature selection)
选择CPU型号(-cpu help显示列表和附加功能选项)
This is used to enable an accelerator. Depending on the target architecture,kvm, xen, hax or tcg can be available. By default, tcg is used. If there ismore than one accelerator specified, the next one is used if the previous onefails to initialize.
此参数用于启用加速器。 根据目标体系结构,可以使用kvm,xen,hax或tcg。 默认情况下,使用tcg。 如果指定了多个加速器,则在前一个初始化失败时使用下一个加速器。
Controls number of TCG threads. When the TCG is multi-threaded there will be onethread per vCPU therefor taking advantage of additional host cores. The defaultis to enable multi-threading where both the back-end and front-ends support it and no incompatible TCG features have been enabled (e.g. icount/replay).
控制TCG线程的数量。 当TCG是多线程时,每个vCPU将有一个线程,因此可以利用额外的主机核心。 默认情况下,在后端和前端均支持多线程的情况下启用多线程,并且未启用不兼容的TCG功能(例如icount / replay)。
Simulate an SMP system with n CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUsto 4.For the PC target, the number of cores per socket, the numberof threads per cores and the total number of sockets can bespecified. Missing values will be computed. If any on the three values isgiven, the total number of CPUs n can be omitted. maxcpusspecifies the maximum number of hotpluggable CPUs.
使用n个CPU模拟SMP系统。 在PC目标上,支持多达255个CPU。 在Sparc32目标上,Linux将可用CPU数限制为4。 对于PC目标,可以指定每个插槽的内核数,每个内核的线程数和总的插槽数。 将会计算缺少的值。 如果给出三个值中的任何一个,则可以省略CPU的总数量n。 maxcpus指定可热插拔CPU的最大数量。
Define a NUMA node and assign RAM and VCPUs to it.Set the NUMA distance from a source node to a destination node.
定义NUMA节点并为其分配RAM和VCPU。设置从源节点到目标节点的NUMA距离。
Legacy VCPU assignment uses ‘cpus’ option wherefirstcpu and lastcpu are CPU indexes. Each‘cpus’ option represent a contiguous range of CPU indexes(or a single VCPU if lastcpu is omitted). A non-contiguousset of VCPUs can be represented by providing multiple ‘cpus’options. If ‘cpus’ is omitted on all nodes, VCPUs are automaticallysplit between them.
传统VCPU分配使用'cpus'选项,其中firstcpu和lastcpu是CPU索引。 每个'CPU'选项代表一个连续的CPU索引范围(如果lastcpu被省略,则为单个VCPU)。 可以通过提供多个'cpus'选项来表示不连续的VCPU集合。 如果在所有节点上省略“cpus”,VCPU会自动在它们之间分割。
For example, the following option assigns VCPUs 0, 1, 2 and 5 toa NUMA node:
例如,以下选项将VCPU 0,1,2和5分配给NUMA节点:
-numa node,cpus=0-2,cpus=5
‘cpu’ option is a new alternative to ‘cpus’ optionwhich uses ‘socket-id|core-id|thread-id’ properties to assignCPU objects to a node using topology layout properties of CPU.The set of properties is machine specific, and depends on usedmachine type/‘smp’ options. It could be queried with‘hotpluggable-cpus’ monitor command.‘node-id’ property specifies node to which CPU objectwill be assigned, it’s required for node to be declaredwith ‘node’ option before it’s used with ‘cpu’ option.
'cpu'选项是'cpus'选项的新选择,它使用'socket-id | core-id | thread-id'属性将CPU对象分配给使用CPU的拓扑布局属性的节点。这组属性是特定于机器的,取决于使用的machine类型/'smp'选项。可以用'hotpluggable-cpus'监视器命令查询。 'node-id'属性指定CPU对象将被分配到哪个节点,在'cpu'选项使用之前,需要使用'node'选项声明节点。
For example:
-M pc \
-smp 1,sockets=2,maxcpus=2 \
-numa node,nodeid=0 -numa node,nodeid=1 \
-numa cpu,node-id=0,socket-id=0 -numa cpu,node-id=1,socket-id=1
‘mem’ assigns a given RAM amount to a node. ‘memdev’assigns RAM from a given memory backend device to a node. If‘mem’ and ‘memdev’ are omitted in all nodes, RAM issplit equally between them.
'mem'将给定的RAM数量分配给节点。 'memdev'将RAM从给定的内存后端设备分配给一个节点。 如果在所有节点中省略'mem'和'memdev',则RAM在它们之间平均分配。
‘mem’ and ‘memdev’ are mutually exclusive. Furthermore,if one node uses ‘memdev’, all of them have to use it.
'mem'和'memdev'是互斥的。 而且,如果一个节点使用'memdev',他们都必须使用它。
source and destination are NUMA node IDs. distance is the NUMA distance from source to destination.The distance from a node to itself is always 10. If any pair of nodes isgiven a distance, then all pairs must be given distances. Although, whendistances are only given in one direction for each pair of nodes, thenthe distances in the opposite directions are assumed to be the same. If,however, an asymmetrical pair of distances is given for even one nodepair, then all node pairs must be provided distance values for bothdirections, even when they are symmetrical. When a node is unreachablefrom another node, set the pair’s distance to 255.
source和destination地是NUMA节点ID。distance是从源到目的地的NUMA距离。从一个节点到它自身的距离总是10.如果任意一对节点有一个距离,那么所有的对必须给定距离。 尽管当每个节点对仅在一个方向上给出距离时,则假定相反方向上的距离相同。 但是,如果对于一个节点对,给出了一对不对称的距离,那么即使其他的是对称的,也必须为这两个方向提供所有节点对的距离值。 当一个节点不能从另一个节点到达时,将该对的距离设置为255。
Note that the -numa option doesn’t allocate any of thespecified resources, it just assigns existing resources to NUMAnodes. This means that one still has to use the -m,-smp options to allocate RAM and VCPUs respectively.
请注意,-numa选项不分配任何指定的资源,它只是将现有资源分配给NUMA节点。 这意味着仍然需要使用-m,-smp选项分别分配RAM和VCPU。
Add a file descriptor to an fd set. Valid options are:
将文件描述符fd添加到fd集。 有效的选项是:
This option defines the file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set.The file descriptor cannot be stdin, stdout, or stderr.
这个选项定义了一个文件描述符,其中一个副本被添加到fd set。文件描述符不能是stdin,stdout或stderr。
This option defines the ID of the fd set to add the file descriptor to.
该选项定义了将文件描述符添加到的fd集的ID。
This option defines a free-form string that can be used to describe fd.
该选项定义了一个可用于描述fd的自由格式字符串。
You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set:
您可以使用来自fd集的预先打开的文件描述符来打开镜像:
qemu-system-i386
-add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file"
-add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file"
-drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk
Set parameter arg for item id of type group
设置类型组的id项参数arg的值
Set default value of driver’s property prop to value, e.g.:
将驱动程序属性prop的默认值设置为值,例如:
qemu-system-i386 -global ide-hd.physical_block_size=4096 disk-image.img
In particular, you can use this to set driver properties for devices which are created automatically by the machine model. To create a device which is not created automatically and set properties on it, use -device.
特别是,您可以使用它来设置由机器模型自动创建的设备的驱动程序属性。 要创建未自动创建的设备并在其上设置属性,请使用-device。
-global driver.prop=value is shorthand for -globaldriver=driver,property=prop,value=value. Thelonghand syntax works even when driver contains a dot.
-global driver.prop = value是-globaldriver = driver,property = prop,value = value的缩写。 即使驱动程序包含点,longhand语法也可以工作。
Specify boot order drives as a string of drive letters. Validdrive letters depend on the target architecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b(floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM), n-p (Etherbootfrom network adapter 1-4), hard disk boot is the default. To apply aparticular boot order only on the first startup, specify it via once. Note that the order or once parametershould not be used together with the bootindex property ofdevices, since the firmware implementations normally do not support bothat the same time.
指定启动顺序驱动器为一串驱动器号。 有效的驱动器号取决于目标架构。 x86 PC使用:a,b(软盘1和2),c(第一个硬盘),d(第一个CD-ROM),n-p(从网络适配器1-4的Etherboot),硬盘引导是默认设置。 仅要在第一次启动时应用特定的引导顺序,请通过一次指定。 请注意,order或once参数不应与设备的引导索引属性bootindex一起使用,因为固件实现通常不同时支持。
Interactive boot menus/prompts can be enabled via menu=on as faras firmware/BIOS supports them. The default is non-interactive boot.
只要固件/ BIOS支持,交互式启动菜单/提示可以通过menu =on 启用。 默认值是非交互式引导。
A splash picture could be passed to bios, enabling user to show it as logo,when option splash=sp_name is given and menu=on, If firmware/BIOSsupports them. Currently Seabios for X86 system support it.limitation: The splash file could be a jpeg file or a BMP file in 24 BPPformat(true color). The resolution should be supported by the SVGA mode, sothe recommended is 320x240, 640x480, 800x640.
如果选项splash = sp_name和menu = on,如果固件/ BIOS支持,则开机图片可以传递给BIOS,使用户能够将其显示为徽标。 目前Seabios for X86系统支持它。 限制:splash文件可以是24位BPP格式(真彩色)的jpeg文件或BMP文件。 该分辨率应该由SVGA模式支持,因此推荐使用320x240,640x480,800x640。
A timeout could be passed to bios, guest will pause for rb_timeout mswhen boot failed, then reboot. If rb_timeout is ’-1’, guest will notreboot, qemu passes ’-1’ to bios by default. Currently Seabios for X86system support it.
超时可以传递给BIOS,当引导失败时,guest虚拟机将暂停rb_timeout毫秒,然后重新启动。 如果rb_timeout为'-1',guest虚拟机将不会重新启动,默认情况下,qemu将'-1'传递给bios。 目前X86的Seabios系统支持它。
Do strict boot via strict=on as far as firmware/BIOSsupports it. This only effects when boot priority is changed bybootindex options. The default is non-strict boot.
只要固件/ BIOS支持它,严格通过strict = on进行引导。 这仅在引导优先级由bootindex选项更改时才会生效。 默认值是非严格启动。
# try to boot from network first, then from hard disk
先尝试从网络启动,然后从硬盘启动
qemu-system-i386 -boot order=nc
# boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot
首先从CD-ROM引导,重启后切换回默认顺序
qemu-system-i386 -boot once=d
# boot with a splash picture for 5 seconds.
用开机图片启动5秒钟。
qemu-system-i386 -boot menu=on,splash=/root/boot.bmp,splash-time=5000
Note: The legacy format ’-boot drives’ is still supported but itsuse is discouraged as it may be removed from future versions.
注意:传统格式'-boot drives'仍然受支持,但不鼓励使用它,因为它可能会从未来的版本中删除。
Sets guest startup RAM size to megs megabytes. Default is 128 MiB.Optionally, a suffix of “M” or “G” can be used to signify a value inmegabytes or gigabytes respectively. Optional pair slots, maxmemcould be used to set amount of hotpluggable memory slots and maximum amount ofmemory. Note that maxmem must be aligned to the page size.
将客户机启动RAM大小设置为megs兆字节。 默认值为128 MiB。可选地,可以使用后缀“M”或“G”分别表示以兆字节或千兆字节为单位的值。 可选参数slot,maxmem可用于设置热插拔内存插槽的数量和最大内存量。 请注意,maxmem必须与页面大小对齐。
For example, the following command-line sets the guest startup RAM size to1GB, creates 3 slots to hotplug additional memory and sets the maximummemory the guest can reach to 4GB:
例如,以下命令行将guest虚拟机启动RAM大小设置为1GB,创建3个插槽以热插更多内存,并将guest虚拟机可以达到的最大内存设置为4GB
qemu-system-x86_64 -m 1G,slots=3,maxmem=4G
If slots and maxmem are not specified, memory hotplug won’tbe enabled and the guest startup RAM will never increase.
如果未指定slots和maxmem,则不会启用内存热插拔,并且客户启动RAM永远不会增加。
Allocate guest RAM from a temporarily created file in path.
在path指定的临时创建的文件中分配客户机RAM。
Preallocate memory when using -mem-path.
使用-mem-path时预先分配内存。
Use keyboard layout language (for example fr forFrench). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PCkeycodes (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC or cursesdisplay). You don’t normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windowshosts.
使用键盘布局语言(例如法语为fr)。 只有在不容易获得原始PC密钥的情况下(例如,在Mac上,使用某些X11服务器或使用VNC或curses显示器),才需要此选项。 您通常不需要在PC / Linux或PC / Windows主机上使用它。
The available layouts are:
可用的布局有:
ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv
da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th
de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr
The default is en-us.
默认值是en-us。
Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable parameters.
将显示音频子系统帮助:驱动程序列表,可调参数。
Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use ’help’ to print allavailable sound hardware.
启用音频和选定的声音硬件。 使用“help”打印可用的声音硬件。
qemu-system-i386 -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img
qemu-system-i386 -soundhw es1370 disk.img
qemu-system-i386 -soundhw ac97 disk.img
qemu-system-i386 -soundhw hda disk.img
qemu-system-i386 -soundhw all disk.img
qemu-system-i386 -soundhw help
Note that Linux’s i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module mightrequire manually specifying clocking.
请注意,Linux的i810_audio OSS内核(对于AC97)模块可能需要手动指定时钟。
modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000
Disable balloon device.
禁用气球设备。
Enable virtio balloon device (default), optionally with PCI address addr.
启用virtio balloon设备(默认),可选PCI地址addr。
Add device driver. prop=value sets driverproperties. Valid properties depend on the driver. To get help onpossible drivers and properties, use -device help and-device driver,help.
添加设备驱动。 prop = value设置驱动程序属性。 有效的属性取决于驱动程序。 要获得有关可能的驱动程序和属性的帮助,请使用-device help 和-device driver help。
Some drivers are:
一些驱动程序是:
Add an IPMI BMC. This is a simulation of a hardware managementinterface processor that normally sits on a system. It providesa watchdog and the ability to reset and power control the system.You need to connect this to an IPMI interface to make it useful
添加一个IPMI BMC。 这是通常位于系统上的硬件管理接口处理器的模拟。 它提供了一个看门狗,并能够重置和控制系统的电源。您需要将其连接到IPMI接口以使其有用
The IPMI slave address to use for the BMC. The default is 0x20.This address is the BMC’s address on the I2C network of managementcontrollers. If you don’t know what this means, it is safe to ignoreit.
用于BMC的IPMI从站地址。 默认值是0x20。此地址是管理控制器I2C网络上的BMC地址。 如果你不知道这意味着什么,那么忽略它是安全的。
The BMC to connect to, one of ipmi-bmc-sim or ipmi-bmc-extern above.
要连接的BMC,上面的ipmi-bmc-sim或ipmi-bmc-extern之一。
Define slave address to use for the BMC. The default is 0x20.
定义用于BMC的从站地址。 默认值是0x20。
file containing raw Sensor Data Records (SDR) data. The default is none.
包含原始传感器数据记录(SDR)数据的文件。 默认值是none。
size of a Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) area. The default is 1024.
现场可更换单元(FRU)区域的大小。 默认值是1024。
file containing raw Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) inventory data. The default is none.
包含原始现场可替换单元(FRU)库存数据的文件。 默认值是none。
Add a connection to an external IPMI BMC simulator. Instead oflocally emulating the BMC like the above item, instead connectto an external entity that provides the IPMI services.
将连接添加到外部IPMI BMC模拟器。 而不是像上述项目一样在本地模拟BMC,而是连接到提供IPMI服务的外部实体。
A connection is made to an external BMC simulator. If you do this, itis strongly recommended that you use the "reconnect=" chardev optionto reconnect to the simulator if the connection is lost. Note that ifthis is not used carefully, it can be a security issue, as theinterface has the ability to send resets, NMIs, and power off the VM.It’s best if QEMU makes a connection to an external simulator runningon a secure port on localhost, so neither the simulator nor QEMU isexposed to any outside network.
连接到外部BMC模拟器。 如果您这样做,强烈建议您在连接丢失时使用“reconnect =”chardev选项重新连接到模拟器。 请注意,如果没有仔细使用,可能会造成安全问题,因为接口可以发送重置,NMI和关闭VM的电源。 如果QEMU连接到在本地主机上的安全端口上运行的外部仿真器,那么最好不要将仿真器和QEMU暴露于任何外部网络。
See the "lanserv/README.vm" file in the OpenIPMI library for moredetails on the external interface.
请参阅OpenIPMI库中的“lanserv / README.vm”文件以获取有关外部接口的更多详细信息。
Add a KCS IPMI interafce on the ISA bus. This also adds acorresponding ACPI and SMBIOS entries, if appropriate.
在ISA总线上添加一个KCS IPMI接口。 如果合适,这也会添加相应的ACPI和SMBIOS条目。
The BMC to connect to, one of ipmi-bmc-sim or ipmi-bmc-extern above.
要连接的BMC,上面的ipmi-bmc-sim或ipmi-bmc-extern之一。
Define the I/O address of the interface. The default is 0xca0 for KCS.
定义接口的I / O地址。 KCS的默认值是0xca0。
Define the interrupt to use. The default is 5. To disable interrupts,set this to 0.
定义要使用的中断。 缺省值为5.要禁用中断,请将其设置为0。
Like the KCS interface, but defines a BT interface. The default port is0xe4 and the default interrupt is 5.
像KCS接口一样,但是定义了一个BT接口。 默认端口为0xe4,默认中断为5。
Sets the name of the guest.This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.The name will also be used for the VNC server.Also optionally set the top visible process name in Linux.Naming of individual threads can also be enabled on Linux to aid debugging.
设置guest的名称。该名称将显示在SDL窗口标题中。 该名称也将用于VNC服务器。 还可以选择在Linux中设置顶部可见进程名称。 也可以在Linux上启用单个线程的命名以帮助调试。
Set system UUID.
设置系统UUID。
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