UVA 815 Flooded!

题目链接：https://vjudge.net/problem/UVA-815

题目翻译摘自《算法禁赛入门经典》

题目大意

　　有一个 n * m（1 ≤ m，n < 30）的网格，每个格子是边长 10 米的正方形，网格四周是无限大的墙壁。输入每个格子的海拔高度，以及网格内雨水的总体积，输出水位的海拔高度以及有多少百分比的区域有水（即高度严格小于水平面）。

分析

　　堆结构基础题。

代码如下

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
#define INIT() ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);
#define Rep(i,n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
#define For(i,s,t) for (int i = (s); i <= (t); ++i)
#define rFor(i,t,s) for (int i = (t); i >= (s); --i)
#define ForLL(i, s, t) for (LL i = LL(s); i <= LL(t); ++i)
#define rForLL(i, t, s) for (LL i = LL(t); i >= LL(s); --i)
#define foreach(i,c) for (__typeof(c.begin()) i = c.begin(); i != c.end(); ++i)
#define rforeach(i,c) for (__typeof(c.rbegin()) i = c.rbegin(); i != c.rend(); ++i)
 
#define pr(x) cout << #x << " = " << x << "  "
#define prln(x) cout << #x << " = " << x << endl
 
#define LOWBIT(x) ((x)&(-x))
 
#define ALL(x) x.begin(),x.end()
#define INS(x) inserter(x,x.begin())
 
#define ms0(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a))
#define msI(a) memset(a,inf,sizeof(a))
#define msM(a) memset(a,-1,sizeof(a))

#define MP make_pair
#define PB push_back
#define ft first
#define sd second
 
template<typename T1, typename T2>
istream &operator>>(istream &in, pair<T1, T2> &p) {
    in >> p.first >> p.second;
    return in;
}
 
template<typename T>
istream &operator>>(istream &in, vector<T> &v) {
    for (auto &x: v)
        in >> x;
    return in;
}
 
template<typename T1, typename T2>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const std::pair<T1, T2> &p) {
    out << "[" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "]" << "\n";
    return out;
}

inline int gc(){
    static const int BUF = 1e7;
    static char buf[BUF], *bg = buf + BUF, *ed = bg;
    
    if(bg == ed) fread(bg = buf, 1, BUF, stdin);
    return *bg++;
} 

inline int ri(){
    int x = 0, f = 1, c = gc();
    for(; c<48||c>57; f = c=='-'?-1:f, c=gc());
    for(; c>47&&c<58; x = x*10 + c - 48, c=gc());
    return x*f;
}

template<class T>
inline string toString(T x) {
    ostringstream sout;
    sout << x;
    return sout.str();
}
 
typedef long long LL;
typedef unsigned long long uLL;
typedef pair< double, double > PDD;
typedef pair< int, int > PII;
typedef pair< int, PII > PIPII;
typedef pair< string, int > PSI;
typedef pair< int, PSI > PIPSI;
typedef set< int > SI;
typedef set< PII > SPII;
typedef vector< int > VI;
typedef vector< VI > VVI;
typedef vector< PII > VPII;
typedef map< int, int > MII;
typedef map< int, string > MIS;
typedef map< int, PII > MIPII;
typedef map< PII, int > MPIII;
typedef map< string, int > MSI;
typedef map< string, string > MSS;
typedef map< PII, string > MPIIS;
typedef map< PII, PII > MPIIPII;
typedef multimap< int, int > MMII;
typedef multimap< string, int > MMSI;
//typedef unordered_map< int, int > uMII;
typedef pair< LL, LL > PLL;
typedef vector< LL > VL;
typedef vector< VL > VVL;
typedef priority_queue< int > PQIMax;
typedef priority_queue< int, VI, greater< int > > PQIMin;
const double EPS = 1e-10;
const LL inf = 0x7fffffff;
const LL infLL = 0x7fffffffffffffffLL;
const LL mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int maxN = 1e3 + 7;
const LL ONE = 1;
const LL evenBits = 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa;
const LL oddBits = 0x5555555555555555;

int T, m, n, V;
double level;

int main(){
    //freopen("MyOutput.txt","w",stdout);
    //freopen("input.txt","r",stdin);
    //INIT();
    while(cin >> m >> n) {
        if(!m) break;
        PQIMin minH;
        
        For(i, 1, m) {
            For(j, 1, n) {
                int x;
                cin >> x;
                minH.push(x);
            }
        }
        minH.push(inf >> 16); // 增加一个无限高的格子 
        cin >> V;
        
        int cnt = 0;
        level = minH.top();
        
        while(minH.top() != inf) {
            if(V == 0) break;
            ++cnt;
            int tmp = minH.top(); minH.pop();
            
            while(tmp == minH.top()) {
                ++cnt;
                minH.pop();
            }
            
            int v = (minH.top() - tmp) * cnt * 100;
            if(V > v) {
                V -= v;
                level = minH.top();
            }
            else {
                level += 1.0 * V / cnt / 100;
                break;
            }
        }
        
        printf("Region %d\n", ++T);
        printf("Water level is %.2f meters.\n", level);
        printf("%.2f percent of the region is under water.\n\n", 100.0 * cnt / n / m);
    }
    return 0;
}