base64编码介绍

编码定义

BASE64是一种编码方式,通常用于把二进制数据编码为可写的字符形式的数据,这是一种可逆的编码方式.

编码后的数据是一个字符串，其中包含的字符为：A-Z、a-z、0-9、+、/

共64个字符：26 + 26 + 10 + 1 + 1 = 64。【注：其实是65个字符，“=”是填充字符】。   64个字符需要6位来表示，表示成数值为0~63。

这样，长度为3个字节的数据经过Base64编码后就变为4个字节。

例：

字符串“Xue”经过Base64编码后变为“WHVl”。

 

长度为3个字节的数据位数是8*3=24，可以精确地分成6*4。

如果数据的字节数不是3的倍数,则其位数就不是6的倍数,那么需要就不能精确地划分成6位的块

此时,需在原数据后面添加1个或2个零值字节,使其字节数是3的倍数。

然后,在编码后的字符串后面添加1个或2个等号“=”,表示所添加的零值字节数。

例：

字符串“Xu”经过Base64编码后变为“WHU=”

 

字符串“X”经过Base64编码后变为“WA==”

 

应用

需要明文保存二进制数据时，可以将不可打印的二进制数据经过Base64编码转成可打印的字符串。

  • Mozilla Thunderbird和Evolution用Base64来保密电子邮件密码
  • Base64也会经常用作一个简单的“加密”来保护某些数据，而真正的加密通常都比较繁琐。
  • 垃圾讯息传播者用Base64来避过反垃圾邮件工具，因为那些工具通常都不会翻译Base64的讯息。
  • 在LDIF档案，Base64用作编码字串。

 

实例

  1.把图片进行base64编码在前端页面显示,效果如下

1 <img class="img" 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alt="" src="data:img/jpg;base64,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">
图片base64编码

 

 

2.对公钥和私钥的base64编码

[root@centos7 ssh]# cat ssh_host_rsa_key
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAvU62cBD9CjBVtYEzpnBx32S/+Q8nBVtSVlpEdYKRiB6bl62C
IfHLIEXew31s+Ff9LCcBn7veRDQuFwvo3eodrXiz/WDweg0eRSwNGJmkGsAi2dV1

UGpCkGMA4UdaxvfPrYOuwGgNalwQIiEU55sxxmmXpfetarghwFvVWzeuSDla+VK+

SoGXg3ndD15Oc4A+KfRA0jf+8GDGSRLbU4rWJlVDOjH0GNG2i/uUrQ==

 1 [root@centos7 ssh]# cat ssh_host_rsa_key
 2 -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
 3 MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEAvU62cBD9CjBVtYEzpnBx32S/+Q8nBVtSVlpEdYKRiB6bl62C
 4 IfHLIEXew31s+Ff9LCcBn7veRDQuFwvo3eodrXiz/WDweg0eRSwNGJmkGsAi2dV1
 5 h9hgGDuEcPWhQf4HL5qjuOP5ennNhzvbdSRpmLlDSvFtxHAXw6ID99jXJyTgoOy/
 6 75F2kkrYIiZpVgsPuKd9f8V0TDuuYIWbt/I036dpv0dmuqCV14a6WRKBsjm+39dR
 7 n6YplE9QD0vsghNP2GqUh0tpuhOX6HgkMKSv/9scgjtACfRaGvUj3zPVWxYBguWo
 8 f5FGITJhaXnyRk0DanlkjrjgtbTo5QXZNzeL/QIDAQABAoIBAQCfcJUNa/GCzFTT
 9 qv7ydpAh43wga1elFlYRrrMr+Y1TBNxs8lDBACHhi5dkNNY7j/gGYM/oVdWMwhnz
10 hS9bAFyAh0Go7SV81mGhRsm852IkuaBgsXzsrhu5LR+N+AMaTraErIyqIzAyrDWj
11 aZGbZtCdNaPskcyufu408da/v1zudJaboGBQrKz16oGfj1MTdjaoRovS5eUtMWzT
12 l7KbZfInWTlAeU19qNlvXLsuWprVyKHPMIpzlP4Mf5oEDP3TSrgEy8l0zNYdH7qP
13 e1PAeg/RDsdPdExjcmdeITpznrMcciRGWWkYKTPwPvdJeRzBG9RDkEScB7Scuexe
14 AJmVpTUBAoGBAPaKNZ01kW/05pzxuBJMi/Jkdx8si7xf7EWiBZqfnVzny7er3wVS
15 G0en05zDt84bZcwQS8SO8w8EEPkaBV8x/LlY4WszhPh7tcErJrjLFS5CT+fd8lEr
16 Rmr3fF3lwgSlM0hQ8sDaEgM4vtYzyvSK6lZqBEit5YSFYR6XjN/8wGU9AoGBAMSS
17 TW2bEww1xfbAZIhOjdSGY5R+fUnEYlKTIgZgkI3w1tifggKHvxDYEw2m1x4qxWyi
18 2jUY0+7J0ghDZZuxmldB8LdOOhIxqfsyhOZFOJvvVXgFQuGdpbURtKo3kapLN3Wy
19 bipIGgda2K5EC55vciQ9wSpiYVQzQ+jW0Nmy1a3BAoGAbZnt0dDxshLuvtDa4w+y
20 m3S8XFiCWqFOOXqZAS96VsYZk7LNt+DTjdx3P9bmjLMzYy/PbzeZqJBHN2axAqwH
21 TSLNO8owkAL3P0P+t+JYrTL/sPXDdwBFEuKpIFk3Ereaf8i00rVfkp0UgceOr35e
22 RUJmWyUrxulAzsfS8fS8V4UCgYEAk+1hlVU5HVwuMQYR4b3z3/aOY8ZYtLW0JF4T
23 IedzgU238OcAqLTNJXjlxcVDZ7FaRum6+nBHtRBuHcfSZDtgYb/+zYNyEhULzTz0
24 ZHG9KyQOFrcm4LCJblz3r40H8raN8uWnH+yIofZMz7/nWoCVzg4nGqVUh0/ZEBTw
25 sJNzWEECgYA6gG/IYWMQ3tR4hECLdSNJqcqpvRv2HEVugK8uUdiEY7xmMP+GqFwH
26 UGpCkGMA4UdaxvfPrYOuwGgNalwQIiEU55sxxmmXpfetarghwFvVWzeuSDla+VK+
27 SoGXg3ndD15Oc4A+KfRA0jf+8GDGSRLbU4rWJlVDOjH0GNG2i/uUrQ==
28 -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
私钥
1 [root@centos7 ssh]# cat ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
2 ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC9TrZwEP0KMFW1gTOmcHHfZL/5DycFW1JWWkR1gpGIHpuXrYIh8csgRd7DfWz4V/0sJwGfu95ENC4XC+jd6h2teLP9YPB6DR5FLA0YmaQawCLZ1XWH2GAYO4Rw9aFB/gcvmqO44/l6ec2HO9t1JGmYuUNK8W3EcBfDogP32NcnJOCg7L/vkXaSStgiJmlWCw+4p31/xXRMO65ghZu38jTfp2m/R2a6oJXXhrpZEoGyOb7f11GfpimUT1APS+yCE0/YapSHS2m6E5foeCQwpK//2xyCO0AJ9Foa9SPfM9VbFgGC5ah/kUYhMmFpefJGTQNqeWSOuOC1tOjlBdk3N4v9
公钥

 

posted @ 2018-05-21 08:49  不懂123  阅读(1992)  评论(0)    收藏  举报