django--序列化组件

一 Django自带序列化组件

ajax

二 rest-framework序列化之Serializer

models部分:

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Book(models.Model):
    title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.IntegerField()
    pub_date=models.DateField()
    publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
    authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

class Publish(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email=models.EmailField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Author(models.Model):
    name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age=models.IntegerField()
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

 

view部分：

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.core import serializers


from rest_framework import serializers

class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    title=serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=serializers.IntegerField()
    pub_date=serializers.DateField()
    publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
    #authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")
    authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_authors(self,obj):
        temp=[]
        for author in obj.authors.all():
            temp.append(author.name)
        return temp
　　#此处可以继续用author的Serializers，　　# def get_authors(self,obj):　　　　#     ret=obj.authors.all()　　　　#     ss=AuthorSerializer(ret,many=True)　　　　#     return ss.data

class BookViewSet(APIView):

    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        # 序列化方式1:
        # from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
        # import json
        # data=[]
        # for obj in book_list:
        #     data.append(model_to_dict(obj))
        # print(data)
        # return HttpResponse("ok")

        # 序列化方式2:
        # data=serializers.serialize("json",book_list)
        # return HttpResponse(data)

        # 序列化方式3:
        bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)     #many=True代表有多条数据，如果只有一条数据，many=False
        return Response(bs.data)　　　　 # 序列化方式4: 　　    # ret=models.Book.objects.all().values('nid','title')　　　　 # dd=list(ret)        # return HttpResponse(json.dumps(dd))

 

注意：

source 如果是字段，会显示字段，如果是方法，会执行方法，不用加括号（authors=serializers.CharField(source='authors.all')）

如在模型中定义一个方法，直接可以在在source指定执行

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    user_type_choices = (
        (1,'普通用户'),
        (2,'VIP'),
        (3,'SVIP'),
    )
    user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices)

    username = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)


#视图
ret=models.UserInfo.objects.filter(pk=1).first()
aa=ret.get_user_type_display()

#serializer
xx=serializers.CharField(source='get_user_type_display')

三 rest-framework序列化之ModelSerializer

serializerMethodField

 

 

四 生成hypermedialink（极少数）

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = "__all__"
    # 生成连接，直接查看出版社详情
    publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='ttt', lookup_field='publish_id', lookup_url_kwarg='pkk')
    authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    def get_authors(self,obj):
        ret=obj.authors.all()
        ss=AuthorSerializer(ret,many=True)
        return ss.data
#--------------res=BookSerializers(ret,many=True,context={'request': request})
#--------------
class Publish(APIView):
    def get(self,request,pkk):
        print(pkk)
        return HttpResponse('ok')
#----路由---
url(r'^publish/(?P<pkk>\d+)$', views.Publish.as_view(),name='ttt'),

 

 五 序列化组件之请求数据校验和保存功能

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model=Book
        fields="__all__"

#————————
class BookView(APIView):

    def post(self, request):

        # 添加一条数据
        print(request.data)

        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()  # 生成记录
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:

            return Response(bs.errors)

 

class BookSerializer1(serializers.Serializer):
    title=serializers.CharField(error_messages={'required': '标题不能为空'})

#这种方式要保存，必须重写create方法

 

 通过源码查看留的校验字段的钩子函数：

#is_valid---->self.run_validation-(执行Serializer的run_validation)-->self.to_internal_value(data)---（执行Serializer的run_validation：485行）def validate_title(self, value):
        from rest_framework import exceptions
        raise exceptions.ValidationError('看你不顺眼')
        return value#全局

from rest_framework import exceptions    

def validate(self, attrs):   

  if attrs.get('title')== attrs.get('title2'):        

         return attrs    else:        

         raise exceptions.ValidationError('不想等啊')