Django 的forms表单组件

手动的一个个去校验前端传过来的字段数据，是很麻烦的，利用django 的forms组件，对需要校验的字段定义好，能够大大提高效率。

froms组件

校验字段功能

from django.db import models

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()
    tel = models.CharField(max_length=32)

app01/models.py

定义自己的forms,前端传过来的数据字段，要和forms里面的字段一样

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>

</head>
<body>

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <div>
        <label for="user">用户名</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="pwd">密码</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
    </div>
    <div>
        <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>
        <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
    </div>
     <div>
        <label for="email">邮箱</label>
        <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
    </div>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

from django.forms import widgets

wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)
    pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
    tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)


def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)       #
            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
        return HttpResponse("OK")
    form=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

forms组件与处理视图

渲染标签功能

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
   <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>注册页面</h3>
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

                <form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}
                    <div>
                        <label for="">用户名</label>
                        {{ form.name }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">密码</label>
                        {{ form.pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="">确认密码</label>
                        {{ form.r_pwd }}
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <label for=""> 邮箱</label>
                        {{ form.email }}
                    </div>

                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
                </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>



</body>
</html>

渲染方式1

<form action="" method="post">
                    {% csrf_token %}

                    {% for field in form %}
                        <div>
                            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
                            {{ field }}
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}
                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
</form>

渲染方式2

<form action="" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}

    {{ form.as_p }}
    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">

</form>

渲染方式3

显示错误与重置输入信息功能

视图

def register(request):
    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)       #
            print(form.errors)             # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
            print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
        return render(request,"register.html",locals())
    form=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

模板

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}

    {% for field in form %}
        <div>
            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}
    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">

</form>

局部钩子与全局钩子

# forms组件
from django.forms import widgets

wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,
                         widget=wid_01
                         )
    pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
    email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
    tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)


    # 局部钩子
    def clean_name(self):
        val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")
        if not val.isdigit():
            return val
        else:
            raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字!")

    # 全局钩子

    def clean(self):
        pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")
        r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")

        if pwd==r_pwd:
            return self.cleaned_data
        else:
            raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致!')


def register(request):

    if request.method=="POST":
        form=UserForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)       # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
        else:
            clean_error=form.errors.get("__all__")

        return render(request,"register.html",locals())
    form=UserForm()
    return render(request,"register.html",locals())

view

---

app01/myforms.py

from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from app01.models import UserInfo

from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError


class UserForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="用户名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},  # label 用于前端展示
                           widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
                           )  # html挂件 
    pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码",
                          widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
                          )
    r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="确认密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},
                            widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
    email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空", "invalid": "格式错误"},
                             widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
    tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号", widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))

    # 对字段进行校验 clean_xx  , 验证完记得要返回对应字段值
    def clean_name(self):
        val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")  # cleaned_data 提交过来的干净的字段数据
        ret = UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)

        if not ret:
            return val
        else:
            raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!")

    def clean_tel(self):
        val = self.cleaned_data.get("tel")
        if len(val) == 11:
            return val
        else:
            raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误")

    def clean(self):
        pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')
        r_pwd = self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')

        if pwd and r_pwd:
            if pwd == r_pwd:
                return self.cleaned_data
            else:
                raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')
        else:
            return self.cleaned_data  # 要返回数据

myforms.py

处理视图

from django.shortcuts import render

from app01.myforms import *


def reg(request):
    if request.method == "POST":

        # print(request.POST)

        # form=UserForm({"name":"yu","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"alex"})

        form = UserForm(request.POST)  # 前端传过来的form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致

        # print(form.is_valid())  # 返回布尔值

        if form.is_valid():
            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
        else:
            print(form.cleaned_data)  # {"email":"123@qq.com"}
            # print(form.errors)        # {"name":[".........."]}
            # print(type(form.errors))  # ErrorDict
            # print(form.errors.get("name"))
            # print(type(form.errors.get("name")))    # ErrorList
            # print(form.errors.get("name")[0])

            #   全局钩子错误
            # print("error",form.errors.get("__all__")[0])
            errors = form.errors.get("__all__")

            return render(request, "reg.html", locals())

        '''

        form.is_valid()   :返回布尔值
        form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}
        form.errors       :{"name":[".........."]}

        '''

    form = UserForm()

    return render(request, "reg.html", locals())

app01/views.py

提交模板

模板渲染的3种方式

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <style>
        .error{
            color: red;
        }
    </style>
    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"
    integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">

            {#<h3>简单form</h3>#}
            {##}
            {##}
            {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
            {#    {% csrf_token %}#}
            {#    <p>用户名<input type="text" name="name"></p>#}
            {#    <p>密码 <input type="text" name="pwd"></p>#}
            {#    <p>确认密码 <input type="text" name="r_pwd"></p>#}
            {#    <p>邮箱  <input type="text" name="email"></p>#}
            {#    <p>手机号 <input type="text" name="tel"></p>#}
            {#    <input type="submit">#}
            {##}
            {#</form>#}

            <hr>
            <h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3>
            <form action="" method="post" novalidate>  {# 自己校验 #}

                {% csrf_token %}
                <p>{{ form.name.label }}
                    {{ form.name }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>
                </p>
                <p>{{ form.pwd.label }}
                    {{ form.pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span>
                </p>
                <p>确认密码
                    {{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span><span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span>
                </p>
                <p>邮箱 {{ form.email }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p>
                <p>手机号 {{ form.tel }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p>
                <input type="submit">

            </form>

            {#<h3>forms组件渲染方式2</h3>#}
            {##}
            {#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}
            {#     {% csrf_token %}#}
            {##}
            {#    {% for field in form %}#}
            {##}
            {#        <div>#}
            {#            <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>#}
            {#            {{ field }}#}
            {#        </div>#}
            {##}
            {#    {% endfor %}#}              {# 每行的错误信息不好展示 #}
            {##}
            {#     <input type="submit">#}
            {#</form>#}
            {##}



            {#<h3>forms组件渲染方式3 用的比较少</h3>#}
            {##}
            {#<form action="" method="post">#}
            {#     {% csrf_token %}#}
            {##}
            {#     {{ form.as_p }}#}
            {##}
            {#     <input type="submit">#}
            {#</form>#}


        </div>
    </div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

templates/reg.html

错误信息在定义forms的时选择添加与否

posted @ 2019-03-12 22:38 元贞阅读(209) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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