博弈论入门

Game Theory

Game theory is a theoretical framework for conceiving social situations among competing players. In some respects, game theory is the science of strategy, or at least the optimal decision-making of independent and competing actors in a strategic setting. The key pioneers of game theory were mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern in the 1940s. Mathematician John Nash is regarded by many as providing the first significant extension of the von Neumann and Morgenstern work.

 博弈论是在竞争玩家之间构筑社会情境的理论框架。在某些方面，博弈困是策论的科学依据，至少是一个最优解，由在策略设置中独立且相互竞争的行为构成。1940年代，博弈论的关键先锋是数学家John von Neumann和经济学家

 Oskar Morgenstern。数学家John Nash被大多数人视为，首先对 von Neumann 和Morgenstern的工作提出有显著意义扩展的人。

Key Takeaways

• Game theory is a theoretical framework to conceive social situations among competing players and produce optimal decision-making of independent and competing actors in a strategic setting. 
• Using game theory, real-world scenarios for such situations as pricing competition and product releases (and many more) can be laid out and their outcomes predicted. 
• Scenarios include the prisoner's dilemma and the dictator game among many others.

It is assumed players within the game are rational and will strive to maximize their payoffs in the game.

关键要点：

• 博弈论是在竞争玩家中构造社会情境的理论框架，由策略集中的独立竞争行为产生最优决策。
• 使用博弈论，对于价格比较、成产输出等真实世界的场景，都可以进行预测
• 场景包括囚徒困境和国王游戏

假设游戏玩家都是理智且努力最大化他们的收益

The Basics of Game Theory 

The focus of game theory is the game, which serves as a model of an interactive situation among rational players. The key to game theory is that one player's payoff is contingent on the strategy implemented by the other player. The game identifies the players' identities, preferences, and available strategies and how these strategies affect the outcome. Depending on the model, various other requirements or assumptions may be necessary.

Game theory has a wide range of applications, including psychology, evolutionary biology, war, politics, economics, and business. Despite its many advances, game theory is still a young and developing science.

According to game theory, the actions and choices of all the participants affect the outcome of each.

博弈论基础

博弈论的重点是游戏，作为理性玩家们的互动场景的模型。博弈论的关键是一个玩家的收益是根据其他玩家的策略选择所变化的。游戏识别玩家的身份，偏好，可用策略和策略对输出等影响。根据模型，各种其他要求和假设或成为必要。

博弈论有着宽泛的应用，包括哲学，生物进化，战争，政治，经济和商业。即使博弈论有许多优点，但是它仍然是一个新的正在发展的科学。

根据博弈论，行为和所有参与者的选择影响每一个输出。