随笔分类 -  statistics

• Events|sample space|mutually exclusive events
  摘要：5.2Events The collection of all 52 cards—the possible outcomes—is called the sample space for this experiment Relationships Among Events More generall 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-22 15:47 YUANya 阅读(557) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• The equal-likelihood model|event|experiment|probability model
  摘要：5.1Probability Basics uncertainty is inherent in inferential statistics，因为总是需要样本估计总体，The science of uncertainty is called probability theory.学习概率分布帮助我 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-22 15:21 YUANya 阅读(308) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• linear correlation coefficient|Correlation and Causation|lurking variables
  摘要：4.4 Linear Correlation 若由SxxSyySxy定义则为： 所以为了计算方便： 所以，可以明白的是，Sxx和Sx是不一样的！ 所以，t r is independent of the choice of units and always lies between −1 and 1 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-22 13:47 YUANya 阅读(663) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• SST|SSR|SSE| r 2|与Sx x &Sx y & Syy的关系|
  摘要：4.3 The Coefficient of Determination 为评估模型，我们可以使用以下方法： (1) the total variation in the observed values of the response variable（观察值中的y） (2) the amount 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-21 21:29 YUANya 阅读(2414) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• the least-squares criterion|Sxx|Sxy|Syy|Regression Equation|Outliers|Influential Observations|curvilinear regression|linear regression
  摘要：4.2 The Regression Equation Because we could draw many different lines through the cluster of data points, we need a method to choose the “best” line. 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-21 16:29 YUANya 阅读(733) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• Linear Equations
  摘要：4.1 Linear Equations with One Independent Variable 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-21 15:08 YUANya 阅读(279) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• Descriptive Measures for Populations|Parameter|Statistic|standardized variable|z-score
  摘要：3.4 Descriptive Measures for Populations; Use of Samples For a particular variable on a particular population： 1.There is only one population mean—nam 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-20 21:04 YUANya 阅读(245) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• The Five-Number Summary|Boxplots
  摘要：3.3 The Five-Number Summary; Boxplots the deciles divide a data set into tenths (10 equal parts), the quintiles divide a data set into fififths (5 equ 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-20 18:58 YUANya 阅读(936) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• range|Sample Standard Deviation|标准差几何意义
  摘要：Measures of Variation 方差：measures of variation or measures of spread 源于range发现range不足以评估整个set（因为只用到largest and smallest value），所以有了方差 The Sample Stand 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-18 17:37 YUANya 阅读(2687) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• mean|mode|median|sample的表达方式
  摘要：Measures of Center measures of central tendency:the center or most typical value:average Mean:its arithmetic average；受极值影响；可以通过去掉极值减少极值的影响 Median:the 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-18 16:06 YUANya 阅读(634) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• smooth curve|population|sample
  摘要：Distribution Shapes 由直方图到 smooth curve 1.this distribution of heights is bell shaped(or mound shaped), but the smooth curve makes seeing the shape a l 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-18 15:13 YUANya 阅读(456) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• single-value grouping |limit grouping|cutpoint grouping|Lower class limit|Upper class limit|Class width|Class mark|rounding error or roundoff error|Histograms|Dotplots|Stem-and-Leaf
  摘要：2.3 Organizing Quantitative Data group quantitative data： To organize quantitative data, we first group the observations into classes (also known as c 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-18 14:07 YUANya 阅读(457) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• Relative-Frequency|frequency|pie chart |bar chart
  摘要：2.2Organizing Qualitative Data The number of times a particular distinct value occurs is called its frequency (or count) Relative-Frequency Distributi 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-18 12:26 YUANya 阅读(349) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• Variable|quantitative variables|continuous variable|discrete variable|qualitative variables| observation|data set
  摘要：2.1Variables and Data Variable：某物或某人的某一特征和其他个体不同。 quantitative variables：定量变量either discrete （可以被数）or continuous.（A continuous variable is a variable 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-14 22:59 YUANya 阅读(468) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• Simple Random Sampling|representative sample|probability sampling|simple random sampling with replacement| simple random sampling without replacement|Random-Number Tables
  摘要：1.2 Simple Random Sampling Census, ：全部信息 Sampling： 抽样方式： representative sample：有偏向，研究者选择自己觉得有代表性的sample probability sampling：使用随机数表不用研究者来抽样，较为客观（研究者可以 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-14 22:14 YUANya 阅读(350) 评论(0) 推荐(0)
• descriptive statistics|inferential statistics|Observational Studies| Designed Experiments
  摘要：descriptive statistics：组织和总结信息，为自身（可以是population也可以是sample）审视和探索， inferential statistics.从sample中推论population情况并评价推论可信度 在population中精挑细选出sample Observ 阅读全文
  posted @ 2019-07-14 20:55 YUANya 阅读(362) 评论(0) 推荐(0)