实验内容
实验任务1
// 文件读写操作:格式化读、写文本文件
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 80
#define M 100
typedef struct {
char name[N]; // 书名
char author[N]; // 作者
} Book;
void write();
void read();
int main() {
printf("测试1: 把图书信息写入文本文件\n");
write();
printf("\n测试2: 从文本文件读取图书信息, 打印输出到屏幕\n");
read();
return 0;
}
void write() {
Book x[] = { {"《雕塑家》", "斯科特.麦克劳德"},
{"《灯塔》", "克里斯多夫.夏布特"},
{"《人的局限性》", "塞缪尔.约翰生"},
{"《永不停步:玛格丽特.阿特伍德传》", "罗斯玛丽.沙利文"},
{"《大地之上》", "罗欣顿·米斯特里"},
{"《上学记》", "何兆武"},
{"《命运》", "蔡崇达"} };
int n, i;
FILE *fp;
// 计算数组x中元素个数
n = sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]);
// 以写的方式打开文本文件data1.txt
fp = fopen("data1.txt", "w");
// 如果打开文件失败,输出提示信息并返回
if(fp == NULL) {
printf("fail to open file to write\n");
return;
}
// 将结构体数组x中的图书信息格式化写到fp指向的文件data1.txt
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
fprintf(fp, "%-40s %-20s\n", x[i].name, x[i].author);
fclose(fp);
}
void read() {
Book x[M];
int i, n;
FILE *fp;
// 以读的方式打开文本文件data1.txt
fp = fopen("data1.txt", "r");
// 如果打开文件失败,输出提示信息并返回
if(fp == NULL) {
printf("fail to open file to read\n");
return;
}
// 从文件中读取图书信息,保存到结构体数组x中
i = 0;
while(fscanf(fp, "%s%s", x[i].name, x[i].author) != EOF)
++i;
// 将图书信息打印输出到屏幕上
n = i;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
printf("%d. %-40s%-20s\n", i+1, x[i].name, x[i].author);
fclose(fp);
}
- 结果截图

实验任务2
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 80
#define M 100
typedef struct {
char name[N]; // 书名
char author[N]; // 作者
} Book;
void write();
void read();
int main() {
printf("测试1: 把图书信息以数据块方式写入二进制文件\n");
write();
printf("\n测试2: 从二进制文件读取图书信息, 打印输出到屏幕\n");
read();
return 0;
}
void write() {
Book x[] = { {"《雕塑家》", "斯科特.麦克劳德"},
{"《灯塔》", "克里斯多夫.夏布特"},
{"《人的局限性》", "塞缪尔.约翰生"},
{"《永不停步:玛格丽特.阿特伍德传》", "罗斯玛丽.沙利文"},
{"《大地之上》", "罗欣顿·米斯特里"},
{"《上学记》", "何兆武"},
{"《命运》", "蔡崇达"} };
int n, i;
FILE *fp;
// 计算数组x中元素个数
n = sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]);
// 以写的方式打开二进制文件data2.dat
fp = fopen("data2.dat", "wb");
// 如果打开文件失败,输出提示信息并返回
if(fp == NULL) {
printf("fail to open file to write\n");
return;
}
// 将结构体数组x中的图书信息以数据块方式写入二进制文件data2.dat
fwrite(x, sizeof(Book), n, fp);
fclose(fp);
}
void read() {
Book x[M];
int i, n;
FILE *fp;
// 以读的方式打开二进制文件data2.dat
fp = fopen("data2.dat", "rb");
// 如果打开文件失败,输出提示信息并返回
if(fp == NULL) {
printf("fail to open file to read\n");
return;
}
// 从二进制文件data2.dat以数据块方式读取图书信息存储到结构体数组x
i = 0;
while(fread(&x[i], sizeof(Book), 1, fp) == 1)
++i;
// 在屏幕上打印输出
n = i;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
printf("%d. %-40s%-20s\n", i+1, x[i].name, x[i].author);
fclose(fp);
}
- 结果截图

实验任务3
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 100
#define M 80
void write();
void read_str();
void read_char();
int main() {
printf("测试1: 把一组字符信息以字符串方式写入文本文件\n");
write();
printf("\n测试2: 从文件以字符串方式读取, 输出到屏幕\n");
read_str();
printf("\n测试3: 从文件以单个字符方式读取, 输出到屏幕\n");
read_char();
return 0;
}
void write() {
char *ptr[] = { "Working\'s Blues",
"Everything Will Flow",
"Streets of London",
"Perfect Day",
"Philadelphia"};
int i, n;
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("data3.txt", "w");
if(fp == NULL) {
printf("fail to open file to write\n");
return;
}
n = sizeof(ptr)/sizeof(ptr[0]);
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
fputs(ptr[i], fp);
fputs("\n", fp);
}
fclose(fp);
}
void read_str() {
char songs[N][M];
int i, n;
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("data3.txt", "r");
if(fp == NULL) {
printf("fail to open file to read\n");
return;
}
i = 0;
while(i < N && (fgets(songs[i], M, fp) != NULL))
++i;
n = i;
for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
printf("%d. %s", i+1, songs[i]);
fclose(fp);
}
void read_char() {
int ch;
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("data3.txt", "r");
if(fp == NULL) {
printf("fail to open file to read\n");
return;
}
while((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF)
putchar(ch);
fclose(fp);
}
- 结果截图

思考:1. ' 是转义字符,转义就是 ' ,需要\才行。
2.防止读取的行数超过数组容量 100 行,导致写入 songs[100] 及后面的内存,防止缓冲区溢出。
实验任务4
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
FILE* pf = fopen("data4.txt", "r");
if(pf == NULL) {
printf("fail open file\n");
return 1;
}
int ch;
int lines = 0;
int chars = 0;
int tem = 0;
while((ch = fgetc(pf)) != EOF) {
if(ch == '\n') {
lines++;
}
else if(ch != ' ' && ch != '\t' && ch != '\r')
{
chars++;
tem = 1;
}
}
if(tem) {
lines++;
}
printf("lines: %d\n", lines);
printf("chars: %d\n", chars);
fclose(pf);
return 0;
}
- 结果截图

实验任务5
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 10
typedef struct {
long id; // 准考证号
char name[20]; // 姓名
float objective; // 客观题得分
float subjective; // 操作题得分
float sum; // 总分
char result[10]; // 考试结果
} STU;
// 函数声明
void read(STU st[], int n);
void write(STU st[], int n);void output(STU st[], int n);
int process(STU st[], int n, STU st_pass[]);
int main() {
STU stu[N], stu_pass[N];
int cnt;
double pass_rate;
printf("从文件读入%d个考生信息: 已完成\n", N);
read(stu, N);
printf("\n对考生成绩进行统计: 已完成\n");
cnt = process(stu, N, stu_pass);
printf("\n所有考生完整信息:\n");
output(stu, N);
printf("\n通过考试的名单写入文件: 已完成!\n");
write(stu_pass, cnt);
pass_rate = 1.0 * cnt / N;
printf("\n本次等级考试通过率: %.2f%%\n", pass_rate*100);
return 0;
}
// 把所有考生完整信息输出到屏幕上
// 准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分,总分,结果
void output(STU st[], int n) {
int i;
printf("准考证号\t姓名\t客观题得分\t操作题得分\t总分\t\t结果\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%ld\t\t%s\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%s\n", st[i].id, st[i].name,
st[i].objective, st[i].subjective, st[i].sum, st[i].result);
}
// 从文本文件examinee.txt读入考生信息:准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分
void read(STU st[], int n) {
int i;
FILE *fin;
fin = fopen("examinee.txt", "r");
if (!fin) {
printf("fail to open file\n");
return;
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
fscanf(fin, "%ld %s %f %f", &st[i].id, st[i].name, &st[i].objective,
&st[i].subjective);
fclose(fin);
}
// 对考生信息进行处理:计算每位考生考试总分、结果;统计并返回通过考试的人数
int process(STU st[], int n, STU st_pass[]) {
int i=0;
int j=0;
while(i<n)
{
st[i].sum=st[i].objective+st[i].subjective;
if(st[i].sum>=60)
{
strcpy(st[i].result,"通过");
st_pass[j++]=st[i];
}
else
{
strcpy(st[i].result,"不通过");
}
i++;
}
return j;
}
// 把通过考试的考生完整信息写入文件list_pass.txt
// 准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分,总分,结果
void write(STU st[], int n) {
FILE* pf=fopen("list_pass.txt","w");
if (!pf) {
printf("fail to open file\n");
return;
}
fprintf(pf,"%-10s%-12s%-10s%-10s%-10s%-10s\n","ID","Name","Obj","Sub","Sum","Result");
int i;
for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
fprintf(pf,"%-10ld%-12s%-10.2f%-10.2f%-10.2f%-10s\n",st[i].id, st[i].name, st[i].objective,st[i].subjective, st[i].sum, st[i].result);
}
fclose(pf);
}
- 结果截图

实验任务6
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp;
char s[80][256];
int n = 0, i, j, t, m[5], flag[80] = {0};
char name[256], day[64];
time_t now;
struct tm *p;
fp = fopen("list.txt", "r");
if (!fp) { printf("无法打开文件\n"); return 1; }
while (n < 80 && fgets(s[n], 256, fp)) {
int len = strlen(s[n]);
while (len > 0 && (s[n][len-1]=='\n' || s[n][len-1]=='\r')) s[n][--len] = 0;
n++;
}
fclose(fp);
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
do { t = rand() % 80; } while (flag[t]);
flag[t] = 1;
m[i] = t;
}
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
for (j = i+1; j < 5; j++)
if (strcmp(s[m[i]], s[m[j]]) > 0) {
t = m[i]; m[i] = m[j]; m[j] = t;
}
printf("===== 中奖名单 =====\n");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) printf("%s\n", s[m[i]]);
printf("====================\n");
printf("请输入输出文件名: ");
scanf("%s", name);
fp = fopen(name, "w");
if (fp) {
fprintf(fp, "===== 中奖名单 =====\n");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) fprintf(fp, "%s\n", s[m[i]]);
fprintf(fp, "====================\n");
fclose(fp);
printf("已写入 %s\n", name);
}
now = time(NULL);
p = localtime(&now);
sprintf(day, "%d%02d%02d.txt", p->tm_year+1900, p->tm_mon+1, p->tm_mday);
fp = fopen(day, "w");
if (fp) {
fprintf(fp, "===== 中奖名单 =====\n");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) fprintf(fp, "%s\n", s[m[i]]);
fprintf(fp, "====================\n");
fclose(fp);
printf("已写入 %s\n", day);
}
return 0;
}
