观察者模式

观察者模式

1.基础知识:

定义:

定义了对象之间的一对多依赖,让多个观察者对象同时监听某

一个主题对象,当主题对象发生变化时,它的所有依赖者(观察者)都会收到通知并更新

现实中的应用:

微信朋友圈点赞,商品降价提醒,监听器的概念

使用场景:

关联行为场景,建立一套触发机制

优点:

观察者和被观察者之间建立一个抽象的耦合

观察者模式支持广播通信

缺点:

观察者之间有过多的细节依赖、提高时间消耗及程序复杂度

使用要得当,要避免循环调用


2.举例

课程类

/**
 * 课程类
 * 被观察对象
 */
public class Course extends Observable {
    private String courseName;
    public Course(String courseName) {
        this.courseName = courseName;
    }
    public String getCourseName() {
        return courseName;
    }
    public void produceQuestion(Course course, Question question) {
        System.out.println(question.getUserName() + "在" + course.courseName + "提交了一个问题");
        setChanged();
        notifyObservers(question);
    }
}

问题类

/**
 * 问题
 */
public class Question {
    private String userName;
    private String questionContent;
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public String getQuestionContent() {
        return questionContent;
    }
    public void setQuestionContent(String questionContent) {
        this.questionContent = questionContent;
    }
}

老师类

/**
 * 教师是观察者
 */
public class Teacher implements Observer {
    private String teacherName;

    public Teacher(String teacherName) {
        this.teacherName = teacherName;
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
        Course course = (Course) o;
        Question question = (Question) arg;
        System.out.println(teacherName + "老师的" + course.getCourseName() + "课程接收到一个" + question.getUserName() + "提交的问答:" + question.getQuestionContent());

    }
}

测试

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Course course = new Course("数学");
        Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher("Mr.张");
        Teacher teacher2 = new Teacher("Mr.岑");

        course.addObserver(teacher1);
        course.addObserver(teacher2);

        //业务逻辑代码
        Question question = new Question();
        question.setUserName("小朋友A");
        question.setQuestionContent("这道题目怎么做");
        course.produceQuestion(course,question);
    }
}

控制台输出

image-20220115095950521



3.源码中的应用

基础知识:

Listener监听器,eventListener基类是监听器的基类

spring监听模式需要三个组件:

1.事件,需要继承ApplicationEvent,即观察者模式中的"主题",可以看做一个普通的bean类,用于保存在事件监听器的业务逻辑中需要的一些字段;

2.事件监听器,需要实现ApplicationListener,即观察者模式中的"观察者",在主题发生变化时收到通知,并作出相应的更新,加泛型表示只监听某种类型的事件;

3.事件发布器,需要实现ApplicationEventPublisherAware,获取spring底层组件ApplicationEventPublisher,并调用其方法发布事件,即"通知"观察者。

其中,事件监听器和事件发布器需要在springIOC容器中注册。


spring应用:

在spring的refresh()中有这样一段方法

// 注册监听器(检查监听器的bean并注册它们)
registerListeners();
。。。
finishRefresh();
//遍历注册监听器,并执行multicastEvent方法,启动任务线程
protected void registerListeners() {
   // Register statically specified listeners first.
   for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners()) {
      getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListener(listener);
   }

   // Do not initialize FactoryBeans here: We need to leave all regular beans
   // uninitialized to let post-processors apply to them!
   String[] listenerBeanNames = getBeanNamesForType(ApplicationListener.class, true, false);
   for (String listenerBeanName : listenerBeanNames) {
      getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListenerBean(listenerBeanName);
   }

   // Publish early application events now that we finally have a multicaster...
   Set<ApplicationEvent> earlyEventsToProcess = this.earlyApplicationEvents;
   this.earlyApplicationEvents = null;
   if (earlyEventsToProcess != null) {
      for (ApplicationEvent earlyEvent : earlyEventsToProcess) {
         getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(earlyEvent);
      }
   }
}
//publishEvent  发布事件
protected void finishRefresh() {
   // Clear context-level resource caches (such as ASM metadata from scanning).
   clearResourceCaches();

   // Initialize lifecycle processor for this context.
   initLifecycleProcessor();

   // Propagate refresh to lifecycle processor first.
   getLifecycleProcessor().onRefresh();

   //发布事件
   publishEvent(new ContextRefreshedEvent(this));

   // Participate in LiveBeansView MBean, if active.
   LiveBeansView.registerApplicationContext(this);
}
posted @ 2022-01-15 10:14  纵情95  阅读(24)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报