二.app.config/web.config的增、删、改操作 >>>
配置文件,对于程序本身来说,就是基础和依据,其本质是一个xml文件,对于配置文件的操作,从.NET 2.0 开始,就非常方便了,提供了System [.Web] .Configuration 这个管理功能的NameSpace,要使用它,需要添加对System.configuration.dll的引用。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<appSettings>
<add key="y" value="this is Y"/>
</appSettings>
<configuration>
1. 读取值
* Asp.Net:
System.Web.Configuration.WebConfigurationManager.AppSettings[“y”];
* WinForm:
System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[“y”];
2. 添加一项
* ASP.NET(需要有写权限):
代码
Configuration config = WebConfigurationManager.OpenWebConfiguration(null);
AppSettingsSection app = config.AppSettings;
app.Settings.Add("x", "this is X");
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
* WinForm:
代码
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
AppSettingsSection app = config.AppSettings;
app.Settings.Add("x", "this is X");
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
3. 修改一项
* Asp.Net:
代码
Configuration config = WebConfigurationManager.OpenWebConfiguration(null);
AppSettingsSection app = config.AppSettings;
//app.Settings.Add("x", "this is X");
app.Settings["x"].Value = "this is not Y";
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
* WinForm:
代码
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
AppSettingsSection app = config.AppSettings;
//app.Settings.Add("x", "this is X");
app.Settings["x"].Value = "this is not Y";
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
4. 删除一项
* Asp.Net:
代码
Configuration config = WebConfigurationManager.OpenWebConfiguration(null);
AppSettingsSection app = config.AppSettings;
app.Settings.Remove("x");
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
* WinForm:
代码
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
AppSettingsSection app = config.AppSettings;
app.Settings.Remove("x");
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
三.上机操作[vs2005] >>>
1.向项目添加app.config文件:
右击项目名称,选择“添加”→“添加新建项”,在出现的“添加新项”对话框中,选择“添加应用程序配置文件”;如果项目以前没有配置文件,则默认的文件名称为“app.config”,单击“确定”。出现在设计器视图中的app.config文件为:
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
</configuration>
在项目进行编译后,在bin\Debuge文件下,将出现两个配置文件(以本项目为例),一个名为“XXX.EXE.config”,另一个名为“XXX.vshost.exe.config”。第一个文件为项目实际使用的配置文件,在程序运行中所做的更改都将被保存于此;第二个文件为原代码“app.config”的同步文件,在程序运行中不会发生更改。
2.connectionStrings配置节:
请注意:如果您的SQL版本为2005Express版,则默认安装时SQL服务器实例名为localhost\SQLExpress,须更改以下实例中“DataSource=localhost;”一句为“Data Source=localhost\SQLExpress;”,在等于号的两边不要加上空格。
代码
<!--数据库连接串-->
<connectionStrings>
<clear />
<add
connectionString="Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=jxcbook;
User ID=sa;password=********"
provider />
</connectionStrings>
3.appSettings配置节:
appSettings配置节为整个程序的配置,如果是对当前用户的配置,请使用userSettings配置节,其格式与以下配置书写要求一样。
代码
<!--进销存管理系统初始化需要的参数-->
<appSettings>
<clear />
<add key="userName" value="" />
<add key="password" value="" />
<add key="Department" value="" />
<add key="returnValue" value="" />
<add key="pwdPattern" value="" />
<add key="userPattern" value="" />
</appSettings>
4.1 读取connectionStrings配置节
代码
///<summary>
///依据连接串名字connectionName返回数据连接字符串
///</summary>
private static string GetConnectionStringsConfig(string connectionName)
{
string connectionString =
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[connectionName].ConnectionString.ToString();
Console.WriteLine(connectionString);
return connectionString;
}
代码
///<summary>
///更新连接字符串
///</summary>
///<param >连接字符串名称</param>
///<param >连接字符串内容</param>
///<param >数据提供程序名称</param>
private static void UpdateConnectionStringsConfig(string newName, string newConString, string newProviderName)
{ bool isModified = false; //记录该连接串是否已经存在
//如果要更改的连接串已经存在
if (ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[newName] != null)
{
isModified = true;
}
//新建一个连接字符串实例
ConnectionStringSettings mySettings =
new ConnectionStringSettings(newName, newConString, newProviderName);
// 打开可执行的配置文件*.exe.config
Configuration config =
ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
// 如果连接串已存在,首先删除它
if (isModified)
{
config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings.Remove( newName);
}
// 将新的连接串添加到配置文件中.
config.ConnectionStrings.ConnectionStrings.Add(mySettings);
// 保存对配置文件所作的更改
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
// 强制重新载入配置文件的ConnectionStrings配置节
ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("connectionStrings");
}
代码
///<summary>
///返回*.exe.config文件中appSettings配置节的value项
///</summary>
private static string GetAppConfig(string strKey)
{
foreach (string key in ConfigurationManager.AppSettings)
{
if (key == strKey)
{
return ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[strKey];
}
}
return null;
}
代码
///<summary>
///在*.exe.config文件中appSettings配置节增加一对键、值对
///</summary>
private static void UpdateAppConfig(string newKey, string newValue)
{
bool isModified = false;
foreach (string key in ConfigurationManager.AppSettings)
{
if(key==newKey)
{
isModified = true;
}
}
// Open App.Config of executable
Configuration config =
ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
// You need to remove the old settings object before you can replace it
if (isModified)
{
config.AppSettings.Settings.Remove(newKey);
}
// Add an Application Setting.
config.AppSettings.Settings.Add(newKey,newValue);
// Save the changes in App.config file.
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
// Force a reload of a changed section.
ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("appSettings") ;
}
请注意:(1)要使用以下的代码访问app.config文件,除添加引用System.Configuration外,还必须在项目添加对System.Configuration.dll的引用;(2)以下示例代码中的DPAPI提供程序为“DataProtectionConfigurationProvider”,这是一种基于机器名和当前用户密码的加密方式。如果计划在多台服务器(Web 场合)上使用相同的加密配置文件,则只有通过RSAProtectedConfigurationProvider才能导出加密密钥,并将其导入其他服务器。(3)加密后的配置文件不需要解密即可用上述方法直接读取。
5.1 加密connectionStrings配置节
代码
///<summary>
///加密配置文件中的ConnectionString节
///</summary>
///<param >true为加密,false为解密</param>
public static void ConnectionStringProtection( bool protect)
{
//取得当前程序的执行路径
string pathName = Application.ExecutablePath;
// 定义Dpapi提供程序的名称.
string strProvider = "DataProtectionConfigurationProvider";
System.Configuration.Configuration oConfiguration = null;
System.Configuration.ConnectionStringsSection oSection = null;
try
{
// 打开配置文件,并取得connectionStrings配置节.
oConfiguration =
System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(
<param>
true为加密,false为解密</param> );
public static void AppSettingProtection(bool protect)
{
//取得当前程序的执行路径
string pathName = Application.ExecutablePath;
// Define the Dpapi provider name.
string strProvider = "DataProtectionConfigurationProvider";
System.Configuration.Configuration oConfiguration = null;
System.Configuration.AppSettingsSection oSection = null;
try
{
// Open the configuration file and retrieve the connectionStrings section.
oConfiguration =
System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(pathName);
if (oConfiguration != null)
{
bool blnChanged = false;
oSection = oConfiguration.GetSection("appSettings") as
System.Configuration.AppSettingsSection;
if (oSection != null)
{
if ((!(oSection.ElementInformation.IsLocked))
&&(!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsLocked)))
{
if (protect)
{
if (!(oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected))
{
blnChanged = true;
// Encrypt the section.
oSection.SectionInformation.ProtectSection(strProv ider);
}
}
else
{
if (oSection.SectionInformation.IsProtected)
{
blnChanged = true;
// Remove encryption.
oSection.SectionInformation.UnprotectSection();
}
}
}
if (blnChanged)
{
// Indicates whether the associated configuration section will be saved even
// if it has not been modified.
oSection.SectionInformation.ForceSave = true;
// Save the current configuration.
oConfiguration.Save();
}
}
}
}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
throw (ex);
}
}
finally
{
}
}


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