-- tanslate(str,from_str,to_str)
-- 将str中的from_str替换成to_str
select translate('hello','e','o') t
from dual;
-- instr(str,des_str)
-- 可以实现like功能
select instr('hello','g'),instr('hello','h'),instr('hello','l')
from dual;
-- decode(value,s1,r1,s2,r2,default)
-- 类似于if else
select decode('1',
'1','一级部门',
'2','二级部门',
'其他部门') as dept
from dual;
-- case表达式
select case 1
when 1 then '001'
when 2 then '002'
else '003'
end as le
from dual;
-- 层次化查询(树形结构)
select level,id,pid,name
from t_test
start with pid is null
connect by prior id=pid;