实验六

任务1:

代码:

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <iomanip>
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 struct Contestant {
 7     long   id;              // 学号
 8     std::string name;       // 姓名
 9     std::string major;      // 专业
10     int    solved;          // 解题数
11     int    penalty;         // 总罚时
12 };
13 
14 // 重载<<
15 // 要求:姓名/专业里不含空白符
16 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Contestant& c) {
17     out << std::left;
18     out << std::setw(15) << c.id
19         << std::setw(15) << c.name
20         << std::setw(15) << c.major
21         << std::setw(10) << c.solved
22         << std::setw(10) << c.penalty;
23 
24     return out;
25 }
26 
27 // 重载>>
28 inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Contestant& c) {
29     in >> c.id >> c.name >> c.major >> c.solved >> c.penalty;
30 
31     return in;
32 }
constant.hpp
 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <fstream>
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <stdexcept>
 5 #include <string>
 6 #include <vector>
 7 #include "contestant.hpp"
 8 
 9 // ACM 排序规则:先按解题数降序,再按罚时升序
10 inline bool cmp_by_solve(const Contestant& a, const Contestant& b) {
11     if(a.solved != b.solved)
12         return a.solved > b.solved;
13     
14     return a.penalty < b.penalty;
15 }
16 
17 // 将结果写至任意输出流
18 inline void write(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
19     for (const auto& x : v) 
20         os << x << '\n';
21 }
22 
23 // 将结果打印到屏幕
24 inline void print(const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
25     write(std::cout, v);
26 }
27 
28 // 将结果保存到文件
29 inline void save(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
30     std::ofstream os(filename);
31     if (!os) 
32         throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);
33 
34     write(os, v);
35 }
36 
37 // 从文件读取信息(跳过标题行)
38 inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) {
39     std::ifstream is(filename);
40     if (!is) 
41         throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);
42 
43     std::string line;
44     std::getline(is, line);          // 跳过标题
45 
46     std::vector<Contestant> v;
47     Contestant t;
48     int seq;
49     while (is >> seq >> t) 
50         v.push_back(t);
51         
52     return v;
53 }
utils.hpp
 1 #include <algorithm>
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <stdexcept>
 4 #include <vector>
 5 #include "contestant.hpp"
 6 #include "utils.hpp"
 7 
 8 const std::string in_file = "./data.txt";
 9 const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt";
10 
11 void app() {
12     std::vector<Contestant> contestants;
13 
14     try {
15         contestants = load(in_file);                                      
16         std::sort(contestants.begin(), contestants.end(), cmp_by_solve); 
17         print(contestants);      
18         save(out_file, contestants);                         
19     } catch (const std::exception& e) {
20         std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
21         return;
22     }
23 }
24 
25 int main() {
26     app();
27 }
task1.cpp

 

截图:

屏幕截图 2025-12-21 150024

问题:

1.

(1)std::cout是std::ostream类的实例,std::ofstream是std::ostream的派生类,基类引用可以绑定任意派生类对象,所以write()能统一处理std::cout和std::ofsream

  (2) 不需要修改,只要新设备的输出流类继承自std::ostream,就能直接传入write()

2.

第一处:

std::ofstream os(filename);
if (!os)
throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);

抛出异常情况:打开输出文件失败

第二处:

std::ifstream is(filename);
if (!is)
throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);

抛出异常情况:打开输入文件失败

被try-catch捕获

try {
contestants = load(in_file);
std::sort(contestants.begin(), contestants.end(), cmp_by_solve);
print(contestants);
save(out_file, contestants);
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
return;
}

处理:打印异常描述信息到标准错误流std::cerr,执行return终止app()函数

3.

可以替代

功能一致:内部逻辑和排序规则不变

结果一致,逻辑一致对结果无影响

性能一致:两者均为值传递比较,无额外开销

4.

屏幕截图 2025-12-21 150552

问题:读取不完整·出现乱码

原因:load()函数中while(is>>seq>>t)依赖流的正常状态,一旦某行读取失败,流状态变成fail,循环直接终止

修改:

逐行读取并且记录行号,用stringstream对每行单独解析检测读取是否完整,打印错误

 1 inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) {
 2     std::ifstream is(filename);
 3     if (!is) 
 4         throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);
 5 
 6     std::string line;
 7     std::getline(is, line);          // 跳过标题
 8     int line_num=1; 
 9     std::vector<Contestant> v;
10     
11     while(std::getline(is,line))
12     {
13         line_num++;
14         if(line.empty())
15         {
16             std::cerr<<""<<line_num<<"空白,已跳过\n";
17             continue; 
18         }
19     
20     std::istringstream line_is(line);
21     Contestant t;
22     int seq;
23      if (!(line_is >> seq >> t)) {
24             std::cerr << "" << line_num << "行数据格式错误,已跳过\n";
25             continue;
26         }
27 
28         // 检测是否有多余字段(可选,确保每行格式严格)
29         std::string extra;
30         if (line_is >> extra) {
31             std::cerr << "" << line_num << "行存在多余字段,已忽略多余部分\n";
32         }
33 
34         v.push_back(t);
35     }
36     return v;
37 }
load()

屏幕截图 2025-12-21 153132

 

任务2:

代码:

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 class Student {
 7 public:
 8     Student() = default;
 9     ~Student() = default;
10     
11     const std::string get_major() const;
12     int get_grade() const;
13 
14     friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s);
15     friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s);
16 
17 private:
18     int id;   
19     std::string  name;
20     std::string  major;
21     int          grade;  // 0-100
22 };
student.hpp
 1 #include"student.hpp"
 2 #include<stdexcept>
 3 #include<iomanip>
 4 #include<iostream>
 5 
 6 const std::string Student::get_major() const
 7 {
 8     return major;
 9 }
10 
11 int Student::get_grade() const
12 {
13     return grade;
14 }
15 //重载运算符<< 
16 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,const Student& s)
17 {
18     os<<std::left
19       <<std::setw(10)<<s.id
20       <<std::setw(15)<<s.name
21       <<std::setw(15)<<s.major
22       <<std::setw(5)<<s.grade;
23       return os;
24 }
25 
26 //重载运算符>> 
27 std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s) {
28     int id;
29     std::string name, major;
30     int grade;
31 
32  
33     if (!(is >> id >> name >> major >> grade)) {
34         throw std::runtime_error("字段缺失"); // 字段缺失抛异常
35     }
36 
37     
38     if (grade < 0 || grade > 100) {
39         throw std::runtime_error("成绩值非法(应在0-100之间)");
40     }
41 
42     s.id = id;
43     s.name = name;
44     s.major = major;
45     s.grade = grade;
46 
47     return is;
48 }
student.cpp
 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include "student.hpp"
 5 
 6 class StuMgr {
 7 public:
 8     void load(const std::string& file);  // 加载数据文件(空格分隔)
 9     void sort();                         // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序
10     void print() const;                  // 打印到屏幕
11     void save(const std::string& file) const; // 保存到文件
12 
13 private:
14     void write(std::ostream &os) const;  // 把数据写到任意输出流
15 
16 private:
17     std::vector<Student> students;
18 };
stumgr.hpp
 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include "student.hpp"
 5 
 6 class StuMgr {
 7 public:
 8     void load(const std::string& file);  // 加载数据文件(空格分隔)
 9     void sort();                         // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序
10     void print() const;                  // 打印到屏幕
11     void save(const std::string& file) const; // 保存到文件
12 
13 private:
14     void write(std::ostream &os) const;  // 把数据写到任意输出流
15 
16 private:
17     std::vector<Student> students;
18 };
stumgr.cpp
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <limits>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include "stumgr.hpp"
 5 
 6 const std::string in_file = "./data.txt";
 7 const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt";
 8 
 9 void menu() {
10     std::cout << "\n**********简易应用**********\n"
11                  "1. 加载文件\n"
12                  "2. 排序\n"
13                  "3. 打印到屏幕\n"
14                  "4. 保存到文件\n"
15                  "5. 退出\n"
16                  "请选择:";
17 }
18 
19 void app() {
20     StuMgr mgr;
21 
22     while(true) {
23         menu();
24         int choice;
25         std::cin >> choice;
26 
27         try {
28             switch (choice) {
29             case 1: mgr.load(in_file); 
30                     std::cout << "加载成功\n"; break;
31             case 2: mgr.sort(); 
32                     std::cout << "排序已完成\n"; break;
33             case 3: mgr.print(); 
34                     std::cout << "打印已完成\n"; break;
35             case 4: mgr.save(out_file); 
36                     std::cout << "导出成功\n"; break;
37             case 5: return;
38             default: std::cout << "不合法输入\n";
39             }
40         }
41         catch (const std::exception& e) {
42             std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << '\n';
43         }
44     }
45 }
46 
47 int main() {
48     app();
49 }
task2.cpp

 

截图:

屏幕截图 2025-12-21 161028

屏幕截图 2025-12-21 161035

屏幕截图 2025-12-21 161056

 

改动:

 1 void StuMgr::load(const std::string& file)
 2 {
 3     std::ifstream is(file);
 4     if(!is)
 5     {
 6         throw std::runtime_error("文件打开失败:"+file);
 7     }
 8     
 9      std::string line;
10     int line_num = 0;
11     students.clear(); // 加载前清空原有数据
12 
13     // 逐行读取文件
14     while (std::getline(is, line)) {
15         line_num++;
16         // 跳过空白行
17         if (line.empty()) {
18             std::cerr << "" << line_num << "行:空白行,已跳过\n";
19             continue;
20         }
21 
22      
23         std::istringstream line_is(line);
24         Student s;
25         try {
26             line_is >> s;
27             // 检测是否有多余字段
28             std::string extra;
29             if (line_is >> extra) {
30                 std::cerr << "" << line_num << "行:存在多余字段,已忽略多余部分\n";
31             }
32             // 校验通过,加入容器
33             students.push_back(s);
34         } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
35             // 捕获单行解析异常,提示错误行+原因,跳过该行
36             std::cerr << "" << line_num << "行:" << e.what() << ",已跳过\n";
37             continue;
38         }
39     }
40 
41     if (students.empty()) {
42         std::cerr << "警告:文件中无有效学员数据\n";
43     } else {
44         std::cout << "加载成功!共读取" << students.size() << "条有效学员数据\n";
45     }
46 }
load

截图

image

 

posted @ 2025-12-21 16:18  杨启霖  阅读(3)  评论(0)    收藏  举报