python代码实现抢票助手
一. 代码使用Python+Splinter开发，Splinter是一个使用Python开发的开源Web应用测试工具，它可以帮你实现自动浏览站点和与其进行交互。
二. 安装好Python 3或2都可以，然后安装Splinter `pip install Splinter
三. Splinter注意事项
1. Splinter的Browser类默认优先使用firefox,所以用chrome的话，需要指定driver_name="chrome",只要养成一个习惯，不管用什么浏览器都指定，问题会出得少
2. 当然，选择chrome的话，需要查看自己浏览器的版本，需要和chromedriver版本对应(不是版本号一致),参考和下载地址
四. Splinter.broser部分方法介绍
1. findbyid("控件id").first:根据id找到组件
2. visis(url):访问指定网址
3. fill("填充的内容"):用指定内容填充组件
4. click():点击事件
5. reload():重新加载当前文档
五. 主要思路：
1. 自动填充用户名，密码，点击图片验证码(手动),自动点击购票查询，预订，自动选择指定乘客进入提交订单页面
2. 除登录时的图片验证码，全程自动
六. error(下面是我已经尝试成功的):
1. OSError: [WinError 193] %1 不是有效的 Win32 应用程序。
2. 解决方案：chromedriver版本和电脑浏览器版本映射没对应
3. ImportError: cannot import name 'Browser'。
4. 解决方案：是否安装了Splinter `pip install Splinter`,将代码文件和chromedriver放到一个新文件夹下，防止其他文件的影响
5. 请在运行文件前，将代码内的乘客，用户名，密码正确填写好，检查cookies是否正确
七. cookies 查看
1. 进入chrome浏览器，按F12，选中NetWork选项，如下图
2. 起始地址：`_jc_save_fromStation` 购票时间：`_jc_save_fromDate` 目的地：`_jc_save_toStation`
八. 运行方法
1. python trainticket.py 福建 厦门 2020-11-11
2. OK
九. 具体代码如下
1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 2 """ 3 @author Jianxiong Rao 4 """ 5 from splinter.browser import Browser 6 from time import sleep 7 import traceback 8 import time,sys 9 import os 10 11 class HuoChe(object): 12 """docstring for Train""" 13 driver_name='' 14 executable_path='' 15 #用户名 密码 16 username = u"12306帐户名" 17 passwd = u"12306密码" 18 #cookies值自己找 19 # 天津%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP 南昌%u5357%u660C%2CNCG 桂林%u6842%u6797%2CGLZ 20 starts = u"%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP" 21 ends = u"%u5357%u660C%2CNCG" 22 #时间格式2018-02-05 23 dtime = u"2018-02-05" 24 #车次,选择第几趟,0则从上之下依次点击 25 order = 0 26 ###乘客姓名 27 users=[u'乘客名'] 28 ##席位 29 xb=u"二等座" 30 pz=u"成人票" 31 """网址""" 32 #12306查询URL 33 ticket_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init" 34 #12306登录URL 35 login_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init" 36 #我的12306URL 37 initmy_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306" 38 #购票URL 39 buy="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc" 40 login_url='https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init' 41 42 def __init__(self): 43 self.driver_name = 'chrome' 44 self.executable_path = os.getcwd()+'/chromedriver' 45 print("Welcome To Use The Tool") 46 47 def login(self): 48 self.driver.visit(self.login_url) 49 #填充密码 50 self.driver.fill("loginUserDTO.user_name",self.username) 51 #sleep(1) 52 self.driver.fill("userDTO.password",self.passwd) 53 print("等待验证码，自行输入....") 54 while True: 55 if self.driver.url != self.initmy_url: 56 sleep(1) 57 else : 58 break 59 def start(self): 60 self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name,executable_path = self.executable_path) 61 self.driver.driver.set_window_size(1400,1000) 62 self.login() 63 #sleep(1) 64 self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url) 65 try: 66 print("购票页面开始....") 67 #sleep(1) 68 #加载查询信息 69 self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation":self.starts}) 70 self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation":self.ends}) 71 self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate":self.dtime}) 72 73 self.driver.reload() 74 75 count = 0 76 if self.order != 0: 77 while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url: 78 self.driver.find_bytext(u"查询").click() 79 count += 1 80 print("循环点击查询.... 第 %s 次"%count) 81 #sleep(1) 82 try: 83 self.driver.find_by_text(u'预订')[self.order - 1].click() 84 except Exception as e: 85 print(e) 86 print("还没开始预订") 87 continue 88 else : 89 while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url: 90 self.driver.find_by_text(u"查询").click() 91 count += 1 92 print("循环点击查询.... 第 %s 次"%count) 93 #sleep(0.8) 94 try: 95 for i in self.driver.find_by_text(u"预订"): 96 i.click() 97 sleep(1) 98 except Exception as e: 99 print(e) 100 print("还没开始预订 %s "%count) 101 continue 102 print("开始预订....") 103 #sleep(1) 104 #self.driver.reload() 105 sleep(1) 106 print("开始选择用户....") 107 for user in self.users: 108 self.driver.find_by_text(user).last.click() 109 print("提交订单....") 110 sleep(1) 111 # self.driver.find_by_text(self.pz).click() 112 # self.driver.find_by_id('').select(self.pz) 113 # sleep(1) 114 # self.driver.find_by_text(self.xb).click() 115 # sleep(1) 116 self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click() 117 print("开始选座...") 118 # self.driver.find_by_id('1D').last.click() 119 # self.driver.find_by_id('1F').last.click() 120 sleep(1.5) 121 print("确认选座....") 122 self.driver.find_by_text('qr_submit_id').click() 123 124 except Exception as e: 125 print(e) 126 127 cities={ 128 '福建':'%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP', 129 '厦门':'%u5357%u660C%2CNCG', 130 131 } 132 133 if __name__=="__main__": 134 train = HuoChe() 135 train.starts = cities[sys.argv[1]] 136 train.ends = cities[sys.argv[2]] 137 train.dtime = sys.argv[3] 138 train.start()
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- """ @author Jianxiong Rao """ from splinter.browser import Browser from time import sleep import traceback import time,sys import os class HuoChe(object): """docstring for Train""" driver_name='' executable_path='' #用户名 密码 username = u"12306帐户名" passwd = u"12306密码" #cookies值自己找 # 天津%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP 南昌%u5357%u660C%2CNCG 桂林%u6842%u6797%2CGLZ starts = u"%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP" ends = u"%u5357%u660C%2CNCG" #时间格式2018-02-05 dtime = u"2018-02-05" #车次,选择第几趟,0则从上之下依次点击 order = 0 ###乘客姓名 users=[u'乘客名'] ##席位 xb=u"二等座" pz=u"成人票" """网址""" #12306查询URL #12306登录URL #我的12306URL #购票URL def __init__(self): self.driver_name = 'chrome' self.executable_path = os.getcwd()+'/chromedriver' print("Welcome To Use The Tool") def login(self): self.driver.visit(self.login_url) #填充密码 self.driver.fill("loginUserDTO.user_name",self.username) #sleep(1) self.driver.fill("userDTO.password",self.passwd) print("等待验证码，自行输入....") while True: if self.driver.url != self.initmy_url: sleep(1) else : break def start(self): self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name,executable_path = self.executable_path) self.driver.driver.set_window_size(1400,1000) self.login() #sleep(1) self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url) try: print("购票页面开始....") #sleep(1) #加载查询信息 self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation":self.starts}) self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation":self.ends}) self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate":self.dtime}) self.driver.reload() count = 0 if self.order != 0: while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url: self.driver.find_bytext(u"查询").click() count += 1 print("循环点击查询.... 第 %s 次"%count) #sleep(1) try: self.driver.find_by_text(u'预订')[self.order - 1].click() except Exception as e: print(e) print("还没开始预订") continue else : while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url: self.driver.find_by_text(u"查询").click() count += 1 print("循环点击查询.... 第 %s 次"%count) #sleep(0.8) try: for i in self.driver.find_by_text(u"预订"): i.click() sleep(1) except Exception as e: print(e) print("还没开始预订 %s "%count) continue print("开始预订....") #sleep(1) #self.driver.reload() sleep(1) print("开始选择用户....") for user in self.users: self.driver.find_by_text(user).last.click() print("提交订单....") sleep(1) # self.driver.find_by_text(self.pz).click() # self.driver.find_by_id('').select(self.pz) # sleep(1) # self.driver.find_by_text(self.xb).click() # sleep(1) self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click() print("开始选座...") # self.driver.find_by_id('1D').last.click() # self.driver.find_by_id('1F').last.click() sleep(1.5) print("确认选座....") self.driver.find_by_text('qr_submit_id').click() except Exception as e: print(e) cities={ '天津':'%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP', '南昌':'%u5357%u660C%2CNCG', '桂林':'%u6842%u6797%2CGLZ' } if __name__=="__main__": train = HuoChe() train.starts = cities[sys.argv[1]] train.ends = cities[sys.argv[2]] train.dtime = sys.argv[3] train.start()
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