linux中静态库和动态库
动态库与静态库的介绍
1. 静态函数库
这类库的名字一般是libxxx.a;利用静态函数库编译成的文件比较大,因为整个 函数库的所有数据都会被整合进目标代码中,他的优点就显而易见了,即编译后的执行程序不需要外部的函数库支持,因为所有使用的函数都已经被编译进去了。当然这也会成为他的缺点,因为如果静态函数库改变了,那么你的程序必须重新编译。
2. 动态函数库
这类库的名字一般是libxxx.so;相对于静态函数库,动态函数库在编译的时候 并没有被编译进目标代码中,你的程序执行到相关函数时才调用该函数库里的相应函数,因此动态函数库所产生的可执行文件比较小。由于函数库没有被整合进你的程序,而是程序运行时动态的申请并调用,所以程序的运行环境中必须提供相应的库。动态函数库的改变并不影响你的程序,所以动态函数库的升级比较方便。
相同之处都是由*.o目标文件生成
动态库与静态库的实现
源码
//func.h文件
#ifndef _FUNC_H_
#define _FUNC_H_
#include<iostream>
#include <limits>
using namespace std;
void my_print();
#endif
//func.cpp文件
#include "func.h"
void my_print()
{
cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;
cout << "bool: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(bool);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl;
cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl;
cout << "signed char: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(signed char);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl;
cout << "unsigned char: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned char);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl;
cout << "wchar_t: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(wchar_t);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl;
cout << "short: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(short);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)();
cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl;
cout << "int: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(int);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl;
cout << "unsigned: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl;
cout << "long: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl;
cout << "unsigned long: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned long);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl;
cout << "double: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(double);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl;
cout << "long double: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long double);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl;
cout << "float: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(float);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl;
cout << "size_t: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(size_t);
cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)();
cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl;
cout << "string: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(string) << endl;
// << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl;
cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;
return;
}
//main.cpp文件
#include "func.h"
int main()
{
my_print();
//int *i = NULL;
int i = 80;
//*i = 80;
cout<<i<<endl;
return 0;
}
动态库
g++ -fpic -shared func.cpp -o libfunclib.so sudo cp libfunclib.so /usr/lib64/ g++ main.cpp -lfunclib -o hello (注意编译main.cpp的时候,-l引进动态库,要去掉lib,不是-llibfunclib)
如果出现多个文件编译到动态库时
g++ -fPIC -c func1.cpp (多个文件可以后面追加) g++ -shared libfunclib.so func1.o sudo cp libfunclib.so /usr/lib64/ g++ main.cpp -lfunclib -o hello
静态库
g++ -c func.cpp ar -crv libstaticfunc.a func.o (生成静态库) g++ -o hello1 main.cpp -L./ -lstaticfunc (-L选项是指定静态库的目录)

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