free命令常用参数详解及常用内存工具介绍

       free命令常用参数详解及常用内存工具介绍

                       作者:尹正杰

版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任。

 

  

一.内存空间使用状态

1>."-b"参数(以字节为单位显示内存使用情况)

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -b
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:     8201146368   138366976  7760576512     8986624   302202880  7797694464
Swap:    8455712768           0  8455712768
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -b

2>."-k"参数(默认选项,以“kb”为单位显示内存使用情况)

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -k
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:        8008932      135112     7578680        8776      295140     7614948
Swap:       8257532           0     8257532
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -k

3.“-m”参数(以“mb”为单位显示内存使用情况)

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7821         132        7400           8         288        7436
Swap:          8063           0        8063
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -m

4>.“-g”参数(以"gb"为单位显示内存使用情况)

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -g
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:              7           0           7           0           0           7
Swap:             7           0           7
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -g

5>.以易读格式显示

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        131M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -h

6>.“-s”参数(后面需要跟个数字,单位是"s",显示每隔多少秒数来显示一次内存使用情况)

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -h -s 1
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        132M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        132M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        132M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        132M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        132M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        132M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G

^C
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -h -s 1

7>.“-t”参数(在末尾活多出一行“Total”,表示显示总和列)

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -t -h -s 1
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        131M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G
Total:          15G        131M         15G

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        131M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G
Total:          15G        131M         15G

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        131M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G
Total:          15G        131M         15G

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        131M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G
Total:          15G        131M         15G

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        131M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G
Total:          15G        131M         15G

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        131M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G
Total:          15G        131M         15G

^C
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -t -h -s 1

8.“-o”参数(不显示包含“-/+ buffers/cache”的这一列,新版本已经移除了该选项),

 1 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# free -t  -o -m -s 1 
 2              total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
 3 Mem:          7855       7724        131          0        152       6352
 4 Swap:         7983         58       7925
 5 Total:       15839       7782       8057
 6 
 7              total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
 8 Mem:          7855       7724        131          0        152       6352
 9 Swap:         7983         58       7925
10 Total:       15839       7782       8056
11 
12              total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
13 Mem:          7855       7724        131          0        152       6352
14 Swap:         7983         58       7925
15 Total:       15839       7782       8056
16 
17              total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
18 Mem:          7855       7724        131          0        152       6352
19 Swap:         7983         58       7925
20 Total:       15839       7782       8056
21 
22              total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
23 Mem:          7855       7724        131          0        152       6352
24 Swap:         7983         58       7925
25 Total:       15839       7782       8057
26 
27 ^C
28 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
free -t -o -m -s 1

9>."-C"参数(刷新n次后即退出)

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -t -c 3 -m -s 1
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7821         131        7401           8         288        7437
Swap:          8063           0        8063
Total:        15885         131       15465

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7821         131        7401           8         288        7437
Swap:          8063           0        8063
Total:        15885         131       15465

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7821         131        7401           8         288        7437
Swap:          8063           0        8063
Total:        15885         131       15465
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -t -c 3 -m -s 1

10>.输出结果说明

      1               2          3           4        5         6           7              8    
2                   total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached         #第一行
3    Mem:            7855       7718        137          0        152       6348         #第二行
4    -/+ buffers/cache:         1218       6637                                          #第三行
5    Swap:           7983         58       7925                                          #第四行

我们知道这个是"free -m"的输出结果,我只不过是将结果取出来了,然后进行标号,用坐标的方式来讲解如何查看内容:
第一行:
  total(2,3):总计物理内存的大小。
  used(2,4):已使用的空间。
  free2,5):可用的空间。
  shared(2,6):多个进程共享的内存总额。现在已经deprecated,其值总是0(当然在一些系统上也可能不是0,主要取决于free命令是怎么实现的)。
  buffers(2,7):用于存放要输出到disk(块设备)的数据的,[A buffer is something that has yet to be "written" to disk. ]即提高了内存网硬盘加速写的能力
  cached(2,8):存放从disk上读出的数据,['A cache is something that has been "read" from the disk and stored for later use.'] (cached往往比buffers数字大就是为了提高IO read的性能)即提高了加速读的能力

第二行:(输出时从操作系统(OS)来看的)
  看了第一行的解释,我能知道了第一行输出时从操作系统(OS)来看的。也就是说,从OS的角度来看
  (3.3):即7855MB物理内存;
  (3,4):7718MB已经被使用了;
  (3,5):137MB可用被使用。
  因此,我们可以得到一个公式哟:(3.3)= (3,4)+ (3,5)

第三行:(是从一个应用程序的角度看系统内存的使用情况)
  (44,):即-buffers/cache,表示一个应用程序认为系统被用掉多少内存;
  (4,5):即+buffers/cache,表示一个应用程序认为系统还有多少内存;
因此我们又可以得到2个公式哟:
                            1>.(4,4) = (3,4)  - (3,7) - (3,8)
                            2>.(4,5) = (3,5)  + (3,7) - (3,8)
第四行:
  free的输出一共有四行,第四行为交换区的信息,分别是交换的总量(total),使用量(used)和有多少空闲的交换区(free)

温馨提示:
  free命令由procps.*.rpm提供(在Redhat系列的OS上)。free命令的所有输出值都是从/proc/meminfo中读出的。“-/+ buffers/cache”其对应的used表示实际使用内存,对应的free对应的才是实际空闲的内存。
 

 

二.vmstat命令(查看虚拟内存信息)

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vmstat 
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 1  0      0 7579548   2108 293188    0    0    16     4   10   11  0  0 100  0  0
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 


参数说明:
procs:
  r:
    可运行(正运行或等待运行)进程的个数,和核心数有关
  b:
    处于不可中断睡眠态的进程个数(被阻塞的队列的长度)

memory:
  swpd: 
    交换内存的使用总量
  free:
    空闲物理内存总量
  buffer:
    用于buffer的内存总量
  cache:
    用于cache的内存总量

swap:
  si:
    从磁盘交换进内存的数据速率(kb/s)
  so:
    从内存交换至磁盘的数据速率(kb/s)

io:
  bi:
    从块设备读入数据到系统的速率(kb/s)
  bo: 
    保存数据至块设备的速率


system:
  in: 
    interrupts 中断速率,包括时钟
  cs: 
    context switch 进程切换速率

cpu:
  us:
    Time spent running non-kernel code
  sy:
     Time spent running kernel code
  id:
    Time spent idle. Linux 2.5.41前,包括IO-wait time.
  wa:
    Time spent waiting for IO. 2.5.41前,包括in idle.
  st:
    Time stolen from a virtual machine. 2.6.11前, unknown.

1>."-s" 参数显示内存的统计数据

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vmstat -s
      8008932 K total memory
       133940 K used memory
       192536 K active memory
        90568 K inactive memory
      7579696 K free memory
         2108 K buffer memory
       293188 K swap cache
      8257532 K total swap
            0 K used swap
      8257532 K free swap
          764 non-nice user cpu ticks
            0 nice user cpu ticks
          600 system cpu ticks
      1520500 idle cpu ticks
          107 IO-wait cpu ticks
            0 IRQ cpu ticks
           97 softirq cpu ticks
            0 stolen cpu ticks
       230873 pages paged in
        54698 pages paged out
            0 pages swapped in
            0 pages swapped out
       142591 interrupts
       159486 CPU context switches
   1574064299 boot time
         4008 forks
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vmstat -s

2>.动态观察虚拟内存情况

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vmstat 1 10      #指定每秒查看一次虚拟内存的情况,总共查询10次。
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 1  0      0 2750480   2108 5120208    0    0    12   405   35   13  0  1 99  0  0
 0  0      0 2750640   2108 5120208    0    0     0     0   49   42  0  0 100  0  0
 0  0      0 2750492   2108 5120208    0    0     0     0   16   16  0  0 100  0  0
 0  1      0 2748380   2108 5122456    0    0     0 232448  516   52  0  1 95  5  0
 1  0      0 6688976   2108 1182236    0    0     0 114692 2817  381  2 21 73  4  0
 1  0      0 6346416   2108 1524552    0    0     0     0 1150   31  5 20 75  0  0
 1  1      0 6008240   2108 1862864    0    0     0 88064 1227   20  4 21 75  1  0
 1  0      0 5682800   2108 2188116    0    0     0 239616 2414   59  5 23 66  5  0
 1  0      0 5362324   2108 2508880    0    0     0 327680 2554   56  5 23 66  6  0
 1  1      0 5049672   2108 2821640    0    0     0 592384 3234  131  5 26 51 17  0
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

3>.用于测试内存的相关命令

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=2G  #从内存到内存

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null      #从磁盘读数据到内存

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile.txt    #从内存写数据到磁盘(有可能会先放入Buffer)


 

三.交换分区管理

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        130M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# swapoff /dev/mapper/centos-swap     #禁用交换内存
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        125M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:            0B          0B          0B
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# swapon /dev/mapper/centos-swap      #启用交换内存
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7.6G        130M        7.2G        8.6M        288M        7.3G
Swap:          7.9G          0B        7.9G
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

 

四.内存工具介绍

1>.iostat(统计CPU和设备IO信息)

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install sysstat
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package sysstat.x86_64 0:10.1.5-18.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libsensors.so.4()(64bit) for package: sysstat-10.1.5-18.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package lm_sensors-libs.x86_64 0:3.4.0-8.20160601gitf9185e5.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================================================================
 Package                          Arch                    Version                                          Repository             Size
=======================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 sysstat                          x86_64                  10.1.5-18.el7                                    base                  315 k
Installing for dependencies:
 lm_sensors-libs                  x86_64                  3.4.0-8.20160601gitf9185e5.el7                   base                   42 k

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 357 k
Installed size: 1.2 M
Downloading packages:
(1/2): lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-8.20160601gitf9185e5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                |  42 kB  00:00:05     
(2/2): sysstat-10.1.5-18.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                         | 315 kB  00:00:07     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                   51 kB/s | 357 kB  00:00:07     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-8.20160601gitf9185e5.el7.x86_64                                                               1/2 
  Installing : sysstat-10.1.5-18.el7.x86_64                                                                                        2/2 
  Verifying  : lm_sensors-libs-3.4.0-8.20160601gitf9185e5.el7.x86_64                                                               1/2 
  Verifying  : sysstat-10.1.5-18.el7.x86_64                                                                                        2/2 

Installed:
  sysstat.x86_64 0:10.1.5-18.el7                                                                                                       

Dependency Installed:
  lm_sensors-libs.x86_64 0:3.4.0-8.20160601gitf9185e5.el7                                                                              

Complete!
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install sysstat       #需要安装该软件包才能使用
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# iostat 1 3          #每秒查询1次,共计查询3次
Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 (node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn)     11/18/2019     _x86_64_    (4 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.09    0.00    0.84    0.05    0.00   99.01

Device:            tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
sda               5.45        43.10      1992.06     234617   10843904
dm-0              5.02        35.74      1991.30     194527   10839808
dm-1              0.03         0.93         0.00       5052          0
dm-2              0.02         0.96         0.38       5250       2048

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           4.58    0.00   21.37    2.80    0.00   71.25

Device:            tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
sda             171.00         0.00     87552.00          0      87552
dm-0            329.00         0.00    168448.00          0     168448
dm-1              0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
dm-2              0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           4.80    0.00   23.20    4.00    0.00   68.00

Device:            tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
sda             559.00         0.00    286208.00          0     286208
dm-0            545.00         0.00    279040.00          0     279040
dm-1              0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0
dm-2              0.00         0.00         0.00          0          0

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

2>.pmap命令(进程对应的内存映射)

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# pidof dd
4350
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /proc/`pidof dd`/maps
00400000-00411000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2393                               /usr/bin/dd
00610000-00611000 r--p 00010000 fd:00 2393                               /usr/bin/dd
00611000-00612000 rw-p 00011000 fd:00 2393                               /usr/bin/dd
0152c000-0154d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
7f36062e0000-7f360c80a000 r--p 00000000 fd:00 67164275                   /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
7f360c80a000-7f360c9cc000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 33561967                   /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f360c9cc000-7f360cbcc000 ---p 001c2000 fd:00 33561967                   /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f360cbcc000-7f360cbd0000 r--p 001c2000 fd:00 33561967                   /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f360cbd0000-7f360cbd2000 rw-p 001c6000 fd:00 33561967                   /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f360cbd2000-7f360cbd7000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f360cbd7000-7f360cbf9000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 34070969                   /usr/lib64/ld-2.17.so
7f360cdec000-7f360cdef000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f360cdf7000-7f360cdf8000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f360cdf8000-7f360cdf9000 r--p 00021000 fd:00 34070969                   /usr/lib64/ld-2.17.so
7f360cdf9000-7f360cdfa000 rw-p 00022000 fd:00 34070969                   /usr/lib64/ld-2.17.so
7f360cdfa000-7f360cdfb000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7fff6d857000-7fff6d878000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
7fff6d9ce000-7fff6d9d0000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# pmap `pidof dd`
4350:   dd if=/dev/zero of=bigfile.txt
0000000000400000     68K r-x-- dd
0000000000610000      4K r---- dd
0000000000611000      4K rw--- dd
000000000152c000    132K rw---   [ anon ]
00007f36062e0000 103592K r---- locale-archive
00007f360c80a000   1800K r-x-- libc-2.17.so
00007f360c9cc000   2048K ----- libc-2.17.so
00007f360cbcc000     16K r---- libc-2.17.so
00007f360cbd0000      8K rw--- libc-2.17.so
00007f360cbd2000     20K rw---   [ anon ]
00007f360cbd7000    136K r-x-- ld-2.17.so
00007f360cdec000     12K rw---   [ anon ]
00007f360cdf7000      4K rw---   [ anon ]
00007f360cdf8000      4K r---- ld-2.17.so
00007f360cdf9000      4K rw--- ld-2.17.so
00007f360cdfa000      4K rw---   [ anon ]
00007fff6d857000    132K rw---   [ stack ]
00007fff6d9ce000      8K r-x--   [ anon ]
ffffffffff600000      4K r-x--   [ anon ]
 total           108000K
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# pmap `pidof dd`        #读取效果要比上面的命令要好的多

3>.进程对应的内存映射的另外一种实现

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# pidof dd
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /proc/`pidof dd`/maps
00400000-00411000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2393                               /usr/bin/dd
00610000-00611000 r--p 00010000 fd:00 2393                               /usr/bin/dd
00611000-00612000 rw-p 00011000 fd:00 2393                               /usr/bin/dd
01814000-01835000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
7f4886004000-7f488c52e000 r--p 00000000 fd:00 67164275                   /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive
7f488c52e000-7f488c6f0000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 33561967                   /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f488c6f0000-7f488c8f0000 ---p 001c2000 fd:00 33561967                   /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f488c8f0000-7f488c8f4000 r--p 001c2000 fd:00 33561967                   /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f488c8f4000-7f488c8f6000 rw-p 001c6000 fd:00 33561967                   /usr/lib64/libc-2.17.so
7f488c8f6000-7f488c8fb000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f488c8fb000-7f488c91d000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 34070969                   /usr/lib64/ld-2.17.so
7f488cb10000-7f488cb13000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f488cb1b000-7f488cb1c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7f488cb1c000-7f488cb1d000 r--p 00021000 fd:00 34070969                   /usr/lib64/ld-2.17.so
7f488cb1d000-7f488cb1e000 rw-p 00022000 fd:00 34070969                   /usr/lib64/ld-2.17.so
7f488cb1e000-7f488cb1f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 
7ffe3fad1000-7ffe3faf2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
7ffe3fbfc000-7ffe3fbfe000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /proc/`pidof dd`/maps      #易读性较差

 

posted @ 2017-03-02 10:48  尹正杰  阅读(1390)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报