Docker(2)—常用命令

官方命令文档：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

帮助命令

docker version    # docker版本信息
docker info       # docker的系统信息，镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令

镜像命令

docker images 查看本地主机的所有镜像

[root@yinrz ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        6 months ago        13.3kB

# REPOSITORY : 镜像仓库源，镜像的名字
# TAG : 镜像的标签
# IMAGE ID ：镜像的ID
# CREATED : 镜像的创建时间
# SIZE ：镜像的大小

Options:
  -a, --all             # 列出所有镜像
  -q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的ID

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@yinrz ~]# docker search mysql
NAME         DESCRIPTION                                     STARS      OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql        MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9771       [OK]                
mariadb      MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3566       [OK]                

Options:
  -f, --filter filter   过滤条件 [ docker search mysql -f=stars=3000 : STARS大于等于3000

docker pull 下载镜像

[root@yinrz ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest                  # 如果不指明TAG，默认下载最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
6ec8c9369e08: Pull complete                # 分层下载，docker image 的核心 联合文件系统
177e5de89054: Pull complete 
ab6ccb86eb40: Pull complete 
e1ee78841235: Pull complete 
09cd86ccee56: Pull complete 
78bea0594a44: Pull complete 
caf5f529ae89: Pull complete 
cf0fc09f046d: Pull complete 
4ccd5b05a8f6: Pull complete 
76d29d8de5d4: Pull complete 
8077a91f5d16: Pull complete 
922753e827ec: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:fb6a6a26111ba75f9e8487db639bc5721d4431beba4cd668a4e922b8f8b14acc  # 签名，防伪标志
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest             # 真实下载地址，
# docker pull mysql 等价于 docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载  docker pull 镜像名:版本
[root@yinrz ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
6ec8c9369e08: Already exists 
177e5de89054: Already exists 
ab6ccb86eb40: Already exists 
e1ee78841235: Already exists 
09cd86ccee56: Already exists 
78bea0594a44: Already exists 
caf5f529ae89: Already exists 
4e54a8bcf566: Pull complete 
50c21ba6527b: Pull complete 
68e74bb27b39: Pull complete 
5f13eadfe747: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:97869b42772dac5b767f4e4692434fbd5e6b86bcb8695d4feafb52b59fe9ae24
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

 docker rmi -f 镜像ID  # 删除指定ID的镜像
 docker rmi -f 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID  # 批量删除指定ID的镜像
 docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的镜像

容器命令

docker run 创建容器并启动

Options:
	--name="xxx" : 指定容器的名字，例如tomcat01、tomcat02，区分容器
	-d : 以后台方式运行
	-i : 使用交互方式运行，进入容器
	-t : 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端
	-p : 指定容器的端口
		-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
		-p 主机端口:容器端口
		-p 容器端口
		容器端口
	-P : 随机指定端口
		
# 测试：启动并进入容器
[root@yinrz ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@8a2aa163fd6a /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

docker ps 列出正在运行的容器

Options:
	-a : 列出正在运行的容器+历史运行的容器
	-n=x : 列出x条
	-q : 只显示容器的ID

[root@yinrz ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED             STATUS           PORTS      NAMES
8a2aa163fd6a        centos    "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                busy_johnson

退出容器

exit : 退出容器并停止容器
ctrl+p+q : 退出容器但不停止容器

docker rm 删除容器

docker rm -f 容器ID : 删除指定ID的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) : 删除所有容器

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器ID    #启动容器
docker restart 容器ID  #重启容器
docker stop 容器ID     #停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器ID     #强制停止容器

其他命令

docker logs 打印日志

Options:
  -f, --follow         # 跟踪日志输出
      --tail number    # 从日志末尾显示number行
  -t, --timestamps     # 显示时间戳

[root@yinrz ~]# docker logs -ft --tail 10 容器ID

docker top 查看容器内部的进程信息

[root@yinrz ~]# docker top 3d0b1d4bc40a
UID          PID       PPID       C         STIME       TTY         TIME                CMD
root         11517     11486      0         17:05       pts/0       00:00:00            /bin/bash

docker inspect 查看镜像元数据

[root@yinrz ~]# docker inspect 3d0b1d4bc40a
[
    {
        "Id": "3d0b1d4bc40aa1eb42fd9db0a3d1766d4e51610d2cf44d1efcf0f3af0bdcc9ca",
        "Created": "2020-07-29T09:05:29.705305123Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 11517,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-07-29T09:05:30.083001615Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3d0b1d4bc40aa1eb42fd9db0a3d1766d4e51610d2cf44d1efcf0f3af0bdcc9ca/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3d0b1d4bc40aa1eb42fd9db0a3d1766d4e51610d2cf44d1efcf0f3af0bdcc9ca/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3d0b1d4bc40aa1eb42fd9db0a3d1766d4e51610d2cf44d1efcf0f3af0bdcc9ca/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3d0b1d4bc40aa1eb42fd9db0a3d1766d4e51610d2cf44d1efcf0f3af0bdcc9ca/3d0b1d4bc40aa1eb42fd9db0a3d1766d4e51610d2cf44d1efcf0f3af0bdcc9ca-json.log",
        "Name": "/hardcore_tesla",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/545e7c9e8a31f3135e0aa1c79ad123dc70f71c5fd38ae22d2effe0053a642bfa-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/26c2d6e67e0bd4521423c06af8184e054db513a4cef12f416f51228050830fad/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/545e7c9e8a31f3135e0aa1c79ad123dc70f71c5fd38ae22d2effe0053a642bfa/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/545e7c9e8a31f3135e0aa1c79ad123dc70f71c5fd38ae22d2effe0053a642bfa/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/545e7c9e8a31f3135e0aa1c79ad123dc70f71c5fd38ae22d2effe0053a642bfa/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "3d0b1d4bc40a",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "dd05d21750971badbe239ec3bf0c71cc8c618deba34c19fa19984ffbe7a7b989",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/dd05d2175097",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "8b126d52345de8276c50d9a41da04fda70b307b7b5ff19815b3c6a64abe49b72",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "689271118b0ad9530a455efb7bec4c1dd37fb5c206182577b53020ec5bebefd7",
                    "EndpointID": "8b126d52345de8276c50d9a41da04fda70b307b7b5ff19815b3c6a64abe49b72",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

docker exec、docker attach 进入当前正在运行的容器

# 方式一：docker exec -it 容器ID 伪输入终端
[root@yinrz ~]# docker exec -it 85c0eb261bb2 /bin/bash
[root@85c0eb261bb2 /]# 

# 方式二：docker attach 容器ID
[root@yinrz ~]# docker attach 85c0eb261bb2
[root@85c0eb261bb2 /]# 

# 区别：
docker exec 进入容器后开启了一个新的终端，可以在里面操作。
docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程。

docker cp 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器ID:容器内目标文件的路径 当前主机要拷贝的目的路径

[root@yinrz ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@7b8dbbe6bd44 /]# cd home
[root@7b8dbbe6bd44 home]# touch Hello.java
[root@7b8dbbe6bd44 home]# exit
[root@yinrz ~]# docker cp 7b8dbbe6bd44:/home/Hello.java /home
[root@yinrz ~]# ls /home
Hello.java

docker commit 提交容器生成镜像

Options:
  -a, --author			 # 作者名
  -m, --message 		 # 描述
  
docker commit -a="作者" -m="描述" 容器ID 生成的镜像名:版本号

posted @ 2020-08-13 03:03 Baby丿太依赖阅读(275) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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Docker(2)—常用命令

Docker(2)—常用命令

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