Python之ipaddress模块的使用

ipaddress模块的作用

ipaddress模块提供了一些类来验证、比较和处理IPv4/IPv6网络地址。

 1、判断IP地址的类型

import binascii
import ipaddress

ADDRESSES = [
    '10.9.0.6',
    'fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e:b1bc:e121:a8eb:14aa',
]

for ip in ADDRESSES:
    addr = ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
    print('{!r}'.format(addr))
    print('   IP version:', addr.version)
    print('   is private:', addr.is_private)
    print('  packed form:', binascii.hexlify(addr.packed))
    print('      integer:', int(addr))
    print()

运行结果

IPv4Address('10.9.0.6')
   IP version: 4
   is private: True
  packed form: b'0a090006'
      integer: 168361990

IPv6Address('fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e:b1bc:e121:a8eb:14aa')
   IP version: 6
   is private: True
  packed form: b'fdfd87b5b4755e3eb1bce121a8eb14aa'
      integer: 337611086560236126439725644408160982186

 2、网络地址子网掩码的运算

import ipaddress

NETWORKS = [
    '10.9.0.0/24',
    'fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/64',
]

for n in NETWORKS:
    net = ipaddress.ip_network(n)
    print('{!r}'.format(net))
    print('     is private:', net.is_private)
    print('      broadcast:', net.broadcast_address)
    print('     compressed:', net.compressed)
    print('   with netmask:', net.with_netmask)
    print('  with hostmask:', net.with_hostmask)
    print('  num addresses:', net.num_addresses)
    print()

运行结果

IPv4Network('10.9.0.0/24')
     is private: True
      broadcast: 10.9.0.255
     compressed: 10.9.0.0/24
   with netmask: 10.9.0.0/255.255.255.0
  with hostmask: 10.9.0.0/0.0.0.255
  num addresses: 256

IPv6Network('fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/64')
     is private: True
      broadcast: fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
     compressed: fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/64
   with netmask: fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
  with hostmask: fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff
  num addresses: 18446744073709551616

3、网络地址的迭代

import ipaddress

NETWORKS = [
    '10.9.0.0/24',
    'fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/64',
]

for n in NETWORKS:
    net = ipaddress.ip_network(n)
    print('{!r}'.format(net))
    for i, ip in zip(range(3), net):
        print(ip)
    print()

运行结果

IPv4Network('10.9.0.0/24')
10.9.0.0
10.9.0.1
10.9.0.2

IPv6Network('fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/64')
fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::
fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::1
fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::2

 4、迭代网络地址生成可用的IP地址

import ipaddress

NETWORKS = [
    '10.9.0.0/24',
    'fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/64',
]

for n in NETWORKS:
    net = ipaddress.ip_network(n)
    print('{!r}'.format(net))
    for i, ip in zip(range(3), net.hosts()):
        print(ip)
    print()

 运行效果

IPv4Network('10.9.0.0/24')
10.9.0.1
10.9.0.2
10.9.0.3

IPv6Network('fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/64')
fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::1
fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::2
fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::3

 5、通过IP地址/子网掩码，判断IP地址是否在该子网里面

import ipaddress

NETWORKS = [
    ipaddress.ip_network('10.9.0.0/24'),
    ipaddress.ip_network('fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/64'),
]

ADDRESSES = [
    ipaddress.ip_address('10.9.0.6'),
    ipaddress.ip_address('10.7.0.31'),
    ipaddress.ip_address(
        'fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e:b1bc:e121:a8eb:14aa'
    ),
    ipaddress.ip_address('fe80::3840:c439:b25e:63b0'),
]

for ip in ADDRESSES:
    for net in NETWORKS:
        if ip in net:
            print('{}\nis on {}'.format(ip, net))
            break
    else:
        print('{}\nis not on a known network'.format(ip))
    print()

 运行效果

10.9.0.6
is on 10.9.0.0/24

10.7.0.31
is not on a known network

fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e:b1bc:e121:a8eb:14aa
is on fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/64

fe80::3840:c439:b25e:63b0
is not on a known network

6、以接口的表示形式，显示IP地址

import ipaddress

ADDRESSES = [
    '10.9.0.6/24',
    'fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e:b1bc:e121:a8eb:14aa/64',
]

for ip in ADDRESSES:
    iface = ipaddress.ip_interface(ip)
    print('{!r}'.format(iface))
    print('network:\n  ', iface.network)
    print('ip:\n  ', iface.ip)
    print('IP with prefixlen:\n  ', iface.with_prefixlen)
    print('netmask:\n  ', iface.with_netmask)
    print('hostmask:\n  ', iface.with_hostmask)
    print()

 运行效果

IPv4Interface('10.9.0.6/24')
network:
   10.9.0.0/24
ip:
   10.9.0.6
IP with prefixlen:
   10.9.0.6/24
netmask:
   10.9.0.6/255.255.255.0
hostmask:
   10.9.0.6/0.0.0.255

IPv6Interface('fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e:b1bc:e121:a8eb:14aa/64')
network:
   fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e::/64
ip:
   fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e:b1bc:e121:a8eb:14aa
IP with prefixlen:
   fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e:b1bc:e121:a8eb:14aa/64
netmask:
   fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e:b1bc:e121:a8eb:14aa/ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::
hostmask:
   fdfd:87b5:b475:5e3e:b1bc:e121:a8eb:14aa/::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff