详细介绍：Kotlin Android 开发脚手架封装
Kotlin Android 开发脚手架封装（模块化版本）
我将按照模块化设计原则，将脚手架拆分为多个文件，每个文件负责特定功能领域：
1. 核心初始化模块
文件路径: core/AppScaffold.kt
object AppScaffold {
lateinit var context: Context
private set
fun initialize(appContext: Context) {
context = appContext.applicationContext
initLogger()
NetworkModule.init(context)
DatabaseModule.init(context)
PreferencesModule.init(context)
WorkManagerModule.init(context)
AnalyticsModule.init()
CrashReportingModule.init()
}
private fun initLogger() {
Timber.plant(if (BuildConfig.DEBUG) Timber.DebugTree() else ReleaseLogTree())
}
private class ReleaseLogTree : Timber.
Tree() {
override fun log(priority: Int, tag: String?, message: String, t: Throwable?) {
// 生产环境日志实现（可集成Firebase/Crashlytics等）
}
}
}2. 网络模块
文件路径: network/NetworkModule.kt
object NetworkModule {
lateinit var retrofit: Retrofit
private set
fun init(context: Context) {
retrofit = Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(BuildConfig.BASE_URL)
.client(createOkHttpClient(context))
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.addCallAdapterFactory(CoroutineCallAdapterFactory())
.build()
}
private fun createOkHttpClient(context: Context): OkHttpClient {
return OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.addInterceptor(LoggingInterceptor())
.addInterceptor(AuthInterceptor())
.addInterceptor(ConnectivityInterceptor(context))
.build()
}
inline fun <
reified T>
createService(): T = retrofit.create(T::class.java)
}3. 数据库模块
文件路径: persistence/DatabaseModule.kt
object DatabaseModule {
lateinit var database: AppDatabase
private set
fun init(context: Context) {
database = Room.databaseBuilder(
context,
AppDatabase::class.java,
"app-database"
).fallbackToDestructiveMigration()
.build()
}
}4. 偏好设置模块
文件路径: persistence/PreferencesModule.kt
object PreferencesModule {
lateinit var preferences: SharedPreferences
private set
fun init(context: Context) {
preferences = EncryptedSharedPreferences.create(
context,
"secure_preferences",
MasterKey.Builder(context).setKeyScheme(MasterKey.KeyScheme.AES256_GCM).build(),
EncryptedSharedPreferences.PrefKeyEncryptionScheme.AES256_SIV,
EncryptedSharedPreferences.PrefValueEncryptionScheme.AES256_GCM
)
}
}
// 文件路径: `persistence/SessionManager.kt`
object SessionManager {
var accessToken: String?
get() = PreferencesModule.preferences.getString("access_token", null)
set(value) = PreferencesModule.preferences.edit().putString("access_token", value).apply()
var userId: Long
get() = PreferencesModule.preferences.getLong("user_id", -1L)
set(value) = PreferencesModule.preferences.edit().putLong("user_id", value).apply()
}5. 后台任务模块
文件路径: work/WorkManagerModule.kt
object WorkManagerModule {
lateinit var workManager: WorkManager
private set
fun init(context: Context) {
workManager = WorkManager.getInstance(context)
}
fun schedulePeriodicSync() {
val constraints = Constraints.Builder()
.setRequiredNetworkType(NetworkType.CONNECTED)
.setRequiresBatteryNotLow(true)
.build()
val syncRequest = PeriodicWorkRequestBuilder<SyncWorker>
(
repeatInterval = 1,
repeatIntervalTimeUnit = TimeUnit.HOURS
).setConstraints(constraints)
.build()
workManager.enqueueUniquePeriodicWork(
"syncWork",
ExistingPeriodicWorkPolicy.KEEP,
syncRequest
)
}
}6. 分析模块
文件路径: analytics/AnalyticsModule.kt
object AnalyticsModule {
fun init() {
// 初始化Firebase/Mixpanel等分析工具
}
fun trackEvent(eventName: String, params: Map<String, Any>
= emptyMap()) {
// 事件跟踪实现
}
}7. 崩溃报告模块
文件路径: crashreporting/CrashReportingModule.kt
object CrashReportingModule {
fun init() {
// 初始化Firebase Crashlytics/Sentry等
}
}8. 扩展函数模块
文件路径: extensions/ContextExtensions.kt
fun Context.showToast(message: String, duration: Int = Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) {
Toast.makeText(this, message, duration).show()
}
fun Context.isNetworkAvailable(): Boolean {
val connectivityManager = getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as ConnectivityManager
val network = connectivityManager.activeNetwork
val capabilities = connectivityManager.getNetworkCapabilities(network)
return capabilities != null &&
(capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI) ||
capabilities.hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR))
}9. 资源管理模块
文件路径: core/ResourceManager.kt
object ResourceManager {
fun getString(@StringRes resId: Int, vararg args: Any): String {
return AppScaffold.context.getString(resId, *args)
}
fun getColor(@ColorRes resId: Int): Int {
return ContextCompat.getColor(AppScaffold.context, resId)
}
}10. 依赖注入模块
文件路径: di/ServiceLocator.kt
object ServiceLocator {
private val services = mutableMapOf<String, Any>
()
inline fun <
reified T : Any>
register(instance: T) {
services[T::class.java.name]
= instance
}
inline fun <
reified T : Any>
get(): T {
return services[T::class.java.name]
as? T
?: throw IllegalStateException("Service ${T::class.java.name} not registered"
)
}
}11. MVVM架构基础
文件路径: architecture/BaseActivity.kt
abstract class BaseActivity :
AppCompatActivity() {
abstract val layoutId: Int
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(layoutId)
initView()
initData()
observeViewModel()
}
open fun initView() {
}
open fun initData() {
}
open fun observeViewModel() {
}
}文件路径: architecture/BaseViewModel.kt
abstract class BaseViewModel :
ViewModel() {
private val _isLoading = MutableLiveData<Boolean>
()
val isLoading: LiveData<Boolean>
= _isLoading
private val _errorMessage = MutableLiveData<String>
()
val errorMessage: LiveData<String>
= _errorMessage
protected fun showLoading() {
_isLoading.postValue(true)
}
protected fun hideLoading() {
_isLoading.postValue(false)
}
protected fun showError(message: String) {
_errorMessage.postValue(message)
hideLoading()
}
}12. 工具类模块
文件路径: utils/SecurityUtils.kt
object SecurityUtils {
fun encrypt(data: String): String {
// AES加密实现
}
fun decrypt(encryptedData: String): String {
// AES解密实现
}
}文件路径: utils/ThemeManager.kt
object ThemeManager {
fun applyTheme(context: Context, themeRes: Int) {
context.setTheme(themeRes)
// 动态主题应用逻辑
}
}使用示例
文件路径: MyApplication.kt
class MyApp :
Application() {
override fun onCreate() {
super.onCreate()
AppScaffold.initialize(this)
// 注册服务
ServiceLocator.register(DataRepositoryImpl())
}
}文件路径: MainActivity.kt
class MainActivity :
BaseActivity() {
override val layoutId = R.layout.activity_main
private val viewModel: MainViewModel by viewModels()
override fun initData() {
viewModel.loadData()
}
override fun observeViewModel() {
viewModel.data.observe(this) {
data ->
// 处理数据
}
}
}项目结构
app/
├── src/
│ ├── main/
│ │ ├── java/
│ │ │ └── com/
│ │ │ └── example/
│ │ │ ├── core/
│ │ │ │ ├── AppScaffold.kt
│ │ │ │ └── ResourceManager.kt
│ │ │ ├── network/
│ │ │ │ ├── NetworkModule.kt
│ │ │ │ └── interceptors/
│ │ │ ├── persistence/
│ │ │ │ ├── DatabaseModule.kt
│ │ │ │ ├── PreferencesModule.kt
│ │ │ │ └── SessionManager.kt
│ │ │ ├── work/
│ │ │ │ └── WorkManagerModule.kt
│ │ │ ├── analytics/
│ │ │ │ └── AnalyticsModule.kt
│ │ │ ├── crashreporting/
│ │ │ │ └── CrashReportingModule.kt
│ │ │ ├── di/
│ │ │ │ └── ServiceLocator.kt
│ │ │ ├── architecture/
│ │ │ │ ├── BaseActivity.kt
│ │ │ │ └── BaseViewModel.kt
│ │ │ ├── extensions/
│ │ │ │ └── ContextExtensions.kt
│ │ │ ├── utils/
│ │ │ │ ├── SecurityUtils.kt
│ │ │ │ └── ThemeManager.kt
│ │ │ ├── MyApplication.kt
│ │ │ └── MainActivity.kt
│ │ └── res/这种模块化设计具有以下优点：
- 高内聚低耦合：每个模块专注于单一职责
- 易于维护：修改一个模块不影响其他功能
- 可扩展性强：添加新功能只需添加新模块
- 便于团队协作：不同开发者可并行开发不同模块
- 测试友好：模块可单独进行单元测试
这个脚手架封装了Android开发的核心基础设施，遵循现代Android开发最佳实践，可显著提高开发效率和代码质量。
浙公网安备 33010602011771号