【Redis】笔记｜第8节｜大厂高并发缓存架构实战与优化 - 指南

缓存架构

代码结构

代码详情

功能点：

1. 多级缓存，先查本地缓存，再查Redis，最后才查数据库
2. 热点数据重建逻辑使用分布式锁，二次查询
3. 更新缓存采用读写锁提升性能
4. 采用Redis的发布订阅机制通知所有实例更新本地缓存
5. 适用读多写少的场景

/** * 常量 **/public class Constants {    public static final String PRODUCT_CACHE = "product:cache:";    public static final Integer PRODUCT_CACHE_TIMEOUT = 60 * 60 * 24;    public static final String EMPTY_CACHE = "{}";    public static final String LOCK_PRODUCT_HOT_CACHE_PREFIX = "lock:product:hot_cache:";    public static final String LOCK_PRODUCT_UPDATE_PREFIX = "lock:product:update:";    public static final String NOTIFY_LOCAL_CACHE_UPDATE = "notify_local_cache_update";}

/** * 本地缓存 **/public class LocalCacheHolder {     @Getter    private static Map localCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); }

/** * 控制器 **/@RestController@RequestMapping("/api/product/")public class ProductController {     @Autowired    private ProductService productService;     @PostMapping(value = "/create")    public Product createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {        return productService.createProduct(product);    }     @PostMapping(value = "/update")    public Product updateProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {        return productService.updateProduct(product);    }     @GetMapping("/get/{productId}")    public Product getProduct(@PathVariable Long productId) {        return productService.getProduct(productId);    } }

/** * DAO层 **/@Repositorypublic class ProductDao {     public Product createProduct(Product product) {        try {            Thread.sleep(10);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            throw new RuntimeException(e);        }        System.out.println("创建商品成功");        return product;    }     public Product updateProduct(Product product) {        try {            Thread.sleep(10);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            throw new RuntimeException(e);        }        System.out.println("修改商品成功");        return product;    }     public Product getProduct(Long productId) {        try {            Thread.sleep(10);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            throw new RuntimeException(e);        }        System.out.println("查询商品成功");        Product product = new Product();        product.setId(productId);        product.setName("test");        return product;    } }

/** * 商品实体 **/@Datapublic class Product implements Serializable {    private Long id; // 商品ID    private String name; // 商品名称    private String category; // 商品分类（如 "电子产品"、"图书"）    private BigDecimal price; // 价格（精确到分，使用BigDecimal避免浮点精度问题）    private int stock; // 库存数量    private String description; // 商品描述    private LocalDateTime createTime; // 创建时间    private LocalDateTime updateTime; // 更新时间}

/** * 商品服务 **/@Servicepublic class ProductService {     @Autowired    private ProductDao productDao;     @Autowired    private Redisson redisson;     @Autowired    private RTopic localCacheUpdateTopic;     //写锁    public Product createProduct(Product product) {        Product productResult = null;        RReadWriteLock readWriteLock = redisson.getReadWriteLock(Constants.LOCK_PRODUCT_UPDATE_PREFIX + product.getId());        RLock writeLock = readWriteLock.writeLock();        writeLock.lock();        try {            productResult = productDao.createProduct(product);            redisson.getBucket(Constants.LOCK_PRODUCT_UPDATE_PREFIX + product.getId()).set(JSON.toJSONString(productResult), Duration.ofSeconds(genProductCacheTimeout()));            LocalCacheHolder.getLocalCache().put(Constants.PRODUCT_CACHE + productResult.getId(), product);            localCacheUpdateTopic.publish(JSON.toJSONString(productResult));        } finally {            writeLock.unlock();        }        return productResult;    }     //写锁    public Product updateProduct(Product product) {        Product productResult = null;        RReadWriteLock readWriteLock = redisson.getReadWriteLock(Constants.LOCK_PRODUCT_UPDATE_PREFIX + product.getId());        RLock writeLock = readWriteLock.writeLock();        writeLock.lock();        try {            productResult = productDao.updateProduct(product);            redisson.getBucket(Constants.LOCK_PRODUCT_UPDATE_PREFIX + product.getId()).set(JSON.toJSONString(productResult), Duration.ofSeconds(genProductCacheTimeout()));            LocalCacheHolder.getLocalCache().put(Constants.PRODUCT_CACHE + productResult.getId(), product);            localCacheUpdateTopic.publish(JSON.toJSONString(productResult));        } finally {            writeLock.unlock();        }        return productResult;    }     public Product getProduct(Long productId) {        Product product = null;        String productCacheKey = Constants.PRODUCT_CACHE + productId;         product = getProductFromCache(productCacheKey);        if (product != null) {            return product;        }        //热点缓存重建，加分布式锁，第一个请求写缓存成功后，做二次读取缓存操作，其余请求都可以走Redis        RLock hotCacheLock = redisson.getLock(Constants.LOCK_PRODUCT_HOT_CACHE_PREFIX + productId);        hotCacheLock.lock();        try {            product = getProductFromCache(productCacheKey);            if (product != null) {                return product;            }             RReadWriteLock readWriteLock = redisson.getReadWriteLock(Constants.LOCK_PRODUCT_UPDATE_PREFIX + productId);            RLock rLock = readWriteLock.readLock();            rLock.lock();            try {                product = productDao.getProduct(productId);                if (product != null) {                    redisson.getBucket(productCacheKey).set(JSON.toJSONString(product),Duration.ofSeconds(genProductCacheTimeout()));                    LocalCacheHolder.getLocalCache().put(productCacheKey, product);                    localCacheUpdateTopic.publish(JSON.toJSONString(product));                } else {                    redisson.getBucket(productCacheKey).set(Constants.EMPTY_CACHE, Duration.ofSeconds(genEmptyCacheTimeout()));                }            } finally {                rLock.unlock();            }        } finally {            hotCacheLock.unlock();        }        return product;    }     //随机超时时间，防止缓存击穿（失效）    private Integer genProductCacheTimeout() {        return Constants.PRODUCT_CACHE_TIMEOUT + new Random().nextInt(5) * 60 * 60;    }     //空数据的超时时间    private Integer genEmptyCacheTimeout() {        return 60 + new Random().nextInt(30);    }     //从缓存获取数据    private Product getProductFromCache(String productCacheKey) {        Product product = LocalCacheHolder.getLocalCache().get(productCacheKey);        if (product != null) {            return product;        }         RBucket bucket = redisson.getBucket(productCacheKey);        String productStr = bucket.get();        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(productStr)) {            if (Constants.EMPTY_CACHE.equals(productStr)) {                bucket.expire(Duration.ofSeconds(genEmptyCacheTimeout()));                return new Product();            }            product = JSON.parseObject(productStr, Product.class);            bucket.expire(Duration.ofSeconds(genProductCacheTimeout())); //读延期        }        return product;    } }

@SpringBootApplicationpublic class RedisMultiCacheApplication {     public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(RedisMultiCacheApplication.class, args);    }     @Bean    public Redisson redisson() {        // 此为单机模式        Config config = new Config();        config.useSingleServer().setAddress("redis://localhost:6379").setDatabase(0);        return (Redisson) Redisson.create(config);    }     //通知其它实例更新本地缓存    @Bean    public RTopic localCacheUpdateTopic(Redisson redisson) {        RTopic topic = redisson.getTopic(Constants.NOTIFY_LOCAL_CACHE_UPDATE);        topic.addListener(String.class, (channel, message) -> {            System.out.println("收到消息：" + channel + ":" + message);            Product product = JSON.parseObject(message, Product.class);            LocalCacheHolder.getLocalCache().put(Constants.LOCK_PRODUCT_UPDATE_PREFIX + product.getId(), product);        });        return topic;    } }

    4.0.0            org.springframework.boot        spring-boot-starter-parent        3.3.12                 com.example.mutilcache    redis-multi-cache    0.0.1-SNAPSHOT    redis-multi-cache    redis-multi-cache                                                                                        17                            org.springframework.boot            spring-boot-starter-web                             org.projectlombok            lombok            true                             org.redisson            redisson            3.48.0                             com.alibaba            fastjson            1.2.83                             org.springframework.boot            spring-boot-starter-test            test                            org.springframework.boot            spring-boot-starter-actuator                                                      org.apache.maven.plugins                maven-compiler-plugin                                                                                        org.projectlombok                            lombok                                                                                                    org.springframework.boot                spring-boot-maven-plugin                                                                                        org.projectlombok                            lombok