docker（四）：集群swarm
docker使用入门（四）：集群swarm
swarm是一组位于同一集群且运行docker的机器，用户可以通过swarm manager向swarm输入命令，swarm中的机器可以是虚拟机也可以是物理机。
swarm中分为swarm manager和workers。用户通过swarm manager管理swarm，worker只提供处理能力，对worker的管理操作都是通过swarm manager进行的
创建swarm
创建虚拟机
linux下的docker-machine需要手动安装，安装方案见官方教程
此外还需要在linux上安装virtualbox，运行以下命令进行安装
sudo apt-get install virtualbox
运行以下命令创建两台虚拟机
docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm1
docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm2
第一次运行时，需要从github上下载文件，如果下载较慢，可以提前将boot2docker.iso下载到 ~/.docker/machine/cache/
使用docker-machine ls可以列出虚拟机的信息
$ docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
myvm1 - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.102:2376 v19.03.1
myvm2 - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 v19.03.1
配置swarm
使用docker-machine ssh可以向虚拟机传达指令，现在使用以下指令将vm1设置为swarm manager，令其能够执行swarm管理命令并且验证worker加入swarm。
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm init --advertise-addr <myvm1 ip>"
执行结果如下
$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm init --advertise-addr 192.168.99.102"
Swarm initialized: current node (th2pw563bvvfzvqkd98tsne52) is now a manager.
To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:
docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-33l8tomuwv9cyt9ig54cztdpl4h9kyfc5vimlv58mb6zdn4fiw-dn3ic01jklavcvvsb8ltr86bu 192.168.99.102:2377
To add a manager to this swarm, run 'docker swarm join-token manager' and follow the instructions.
注意：docker swarm init和docker swarm join命令通常使用端口2377执行，docker-machine ls使用端口2376执行，要确保这些端口不被占用
使用以下命令将vm2添加到swarm中
docker-machine ssh myvm2 "docker swarm join \
--token <token> \
<ip>:2377"
执行结果如下
$ docker-machine ssh myvm2 " docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-33l8tomuwv9cyt9ig54cztdpl4h9kyfc5vimlv58mb6zdn4fiw-dn3ic01jklavcvvsb8ltr86bu 192.168.99.102:2377"
This node joined a swarm as a worker.
myvm2中执行的命令可以直接复制添加myvm1时返回的命令提示信息
在manager中运行docker node ls可以查看节点信息
$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker node ls"
ID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSION
th2pw563bvvfzvqkd98tsne52 * myvm1 Ready Active Leader 19.03.1
figr3d9s2dhwff1fjxuzo1jvw myvm2 Ready Active 19.03.1
将应用程序部署到swarm上
关联manager和shell
运行以下指令将shell与vm1关联到一起
$ docker-machine env myvm1
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"
export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.99.102:2376"
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/home/yzh/.docker/machine/machines/myvm1"
export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="myvm1"
# Run this command to configure your shell:
# eval $(docker-machine env myvm1)
执行以下命令使配置生效
eval $(docker-machine env myvm1)
执行成功后，在当前shell中输入的命令都会在myvm1中执行，执行docker-machine ls可以看到myvm1的状态已经改变
$ docker-machine ls
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
myvm1 * virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.102:2376 v19.03.1
myvm2 - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 v19.03.1
以上配置仅在当前shell有效，在其他shell中需要重新配置，也可在当前shell重新执行以上指令覆盖原有的设置。
部署应用程序
将应用程序部署到swarm的命令与之前一样，不过现在该命令执行在与manager关联的shell上，通过manager在swarm上执行
docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml hello
执行docker stack ps getstartedlab可以发现实例分布在不同的虚拟机上，实现负载均衡
$ docker stack ps hello
ID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTS
cm0siz2mmwbt hello_web.1 yezh01/getstart:v1.0 myvm2 Running Preparing 19 seconds ago
8a6nlkz0b0di hello_web.2 yezh01/getstart:v1.0 myvm2 Running Preparing 19 seconds ago
dx3g10vswgs8 hello_web.3 yezh01/getstart:v1.0 myvm1 Running Preparing 19 seconds ago
lr2mi3gpjgcz hello_web.4 yezh01/getstart:v1.0 myvm2 Running Preparing 20 seconds ago
sax7rtkm3ro4 hello_web.5 yezh01/getstart:v1.0 myvm1 Running Preparing 20 seconds ago
测试应用程序
可以通过任意一个虚拟机的ip地址访问应用程序，而且访问效果相同，都可以访问到swarm中的所有运行实例，在swarm中的示意图如下所示
相关命令
docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm1 # Create a VM (Mac, Win7, Linux)
docker-machine create -d hyperv --hyperv-virtual-switch "myswitch" myvm1 # Win10
docker-machine env myvm1 # View basic information about your node
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker node ls" # List the nodes in your swarm
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker node inspect <node ID>" # Inspect a node
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm join-token -q worker" # View join token
docker-machine ssh myvm1 # Open an SSH session with the VM; type "exit" to end
docker node ls # View nodes in swarm (while logged on to manager)
docker-machine ssh myvm2 "docker swarm leave" # Make the worker leave the swarm
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm leave -f" # Make master leave, kill swarm
docker-machine ls # list VMs, asterisk shows which VM this shell is talking to
docker-machine start myvm1 # Start a VM that is currently not running
docker-machine env myvm1 # show environment variables and command for myvm1
eval $(docker-machine env myvm1) # Mac command to connect shell to myvm1
& "C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\Resources\bin\docker-machine.exe" env myvm1 | Invoke-Expression # Windows command to connect shell to myvm1
docker stack deploy -c <file> <app> # Deploy an app; command shell must be set to talk to manager (myvm1), uses local Compose file
docker-machine scp docker-compose.yml myvm1:~ # Copy file to node's home dir (only required if you use ssh to connect to manager and deploy the app)
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker stack deploy -c <file> <app>" # Deploy an app using ssh (you must have first copied the Compose file to myvm1)
eval $(docker-machine env -u) # Disconnect shell from VMs, use native docker
docker-machine stop $(docker-machine ls -q) # Stop all running VMs
docker-machine rm $(docker-machine ls -q) # Delete all VMs and their disk images
