【再探backbone 03】博客园单页应用实例(提供源码)

前言

之前尝试性的读了下backbone的源码,对继承、事件、view一块还比较熟悉,看下去比较顺畅,但是在model collection方面就很不顺利

究其原因还是没有使用过,不够熟悉,以码读码,脱离了业务逻辑的代码毫无意义,所以今天我们先来做一个例子吧,然后再根据例子学习

今天来一段官网以外的代码,本来这里想抄一个代码来着,但是这样的话好像意义就不大了,于是自己重新写一个例子吧

注意这个例子只是简单例子,各位不要当真,而且代码是今天下午写的,有BUG不要骂我,然后放到IIS环境下才有数据

下载源码:02backbone.zip

单页应用实例

以博客园为例,我们一起做一个单页,提供list和detail两个页面,并且为list提供分页和简单筛选功能来巩固我们的backbone学习

文件结构

首先为了简单起见,我们这里目录暂时如下:

其中css样式是上次做单页应用研究剩下的,这次直接拿来用吧

数据源

然后,我们来简单看看我们博客园的数据源返回的数据:

很遗憾博客园暂时只提供了xml的返回格式,其中我自己做了json的解析,其实就算我自己不做解析,也可以通过model的parse做解析

但是我没有那么蛋疼,这里还是使用后台方法解析吧

Model/Collection

有了数据源,我们就需要对其创建数据模型了,这里可以与他统一反正数据model会自己对应

我们知道Model可以设置URL,自己从服务器获取数据(只不过必须是rest请求),我们这里来试试

 1 //博客模型
 2 var PostModel = Backbone.Model.extend({
 3 
 4 });
 5 
 6 //模型集合
 7 var PostList = Backbone.Collection.extend({
 8   model: PostModel
 9 });
10 var curpage = 1;
11 var pageSize = 10;
12 var list = new PostList();
13 list.url = 'Handler.ashx?url=http://wcf.open.cnblogs.com/blog/sitehome/paged/' + curpage + '/' + pageSize;
14 list.fetch();

我们这里事实上只需要获取数据即可,如此变会发起一个请求,数据返回与上述截图一致

有了数据我们就需要根据数据对model进行填充,一次实例化model加入collection

我们这里使用parse对返回数据进行处理,于是他自己就将model填充到model里面去了

parse: function (data) {
  // 'data' contains the raw JSON object
  return (data && data.feed && data.feed.entry) || {}
}

list.fetch({
  success: function () {
    var s = '';
  }
});

需要注意一点是这里是异步的,所以不要傻傻的马上想在后面操作数据

视图-View

现在数据模型与集合都有了,我们需要一个承载他的页面,于是我们先随便搞下将数据显示出来:

① 定义模板

 1 <script type="text/template" id="item-template">
 2   <li class="arr_r orderItem" data-id="<%=id %>">
 3   <article class="blog_item">
 4     <h3>
 5       <a href="<%=link.href %>" target="_blank">
 6         <%=title.value || '无题' %></a>
 7     </h3>
 8     <div class="author pro_list_rank">
 9       <%if(author.avatar){ %>
10       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" target="_blank">
11         <img src="<%=author.avatar %>">
12       </a>
13       <%} %>
14       <%=summary.value %>
15     </div>
16     <div class="item_footer">
17       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" class="lightblue">Scut</a>
18       <%=published %>
19       <a href="<%=link.href %>" title="2013-08-21 15:21" class="gray">评论(<%=comments %>)</a>
20       <a href="<%=link.href %>" class="gray">阅读(<%=views %>)</a> <span class="price1">推荐(<%=diggs %>)</span></div>
21   </article>
22 </li>
23 </script>

这是我们之前使用过的数据模板,这里直接搞过来使用了

② 定义view

并在集合数据加载结束调用render方法

 1 var View = Backbone.View.extend({
 2   template: _.template($('#item-template').html()),
 3   initialize: function () {
 4     var scope = this;
 5     var curpage = 1;
 6     var pageSize = 10;
 7     this.list = new PostList();
 8     this.list.url = 'Handler.ashx?url=http://wcf.open.cnblogs.com/blog/sitehome/paged/' + curpage + '/' + pageSize;
 9     this.list.fetch({
10       success: function () {
11         scope.render();
12       }
13     });
14     this.wrapper = $('#lstbox');
15   },
16   render: function () {
17     var models = this.list.models;
18     var html = '';
19     for (var i = 0, len = models.length; i < len; i++) {
20       html += this.template(models[i].toJSON());
21 
22     }
23     this.wrapper.html(html);
24     var s = '';
25   }
26 });

③ 实例化view

var view = new View();

于是我们的view就出来了:

附上完整html代码:

  1 <!DOCTYPE html>
  2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  3 <head>
  4   <meta charset="utf-8" />
  5   <title></title>
  6   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
  7   <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/style/main2.css" />
  8   <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/style/tuan.css" />
  9   <style> .pro_list_rank { margin: 5px 0; padding-right: 22px; }
 10     .figcaption span { text-align: center; }
 11     .blog_item {}
 12     .blog_item img { width: 48px; height; 48px; margin: 4px; padding: 1px; float: left; border: 1px solid #CCC;  }
 13     
 14     .blog_item .item_footer { color: #757575; font-size: 0.86em; }
 15     a { color:  #005A94; }
 16     .tab_hotel { border-left: 1px solid #2B97E2; }
 17     .cont_wrap .content { background-color: White; padding: 5px 10px; }
 18     img { max-width: 98%; }</style>
 19 </head>
 20 <body>
 21   <div class="main-frame">
 22     <div class="main-viewport">
 23       <header>
 24         <b class="icon_home i_bef" id="js_home"></b>
 25         <h1>
 26          博客园</h1>
 27         <i id="js_return" class="returnico"></i>
 28       </header>
 29       <section class="cont_wrap" >
 30         <ul class="pro_list" id="lstbox">
 31         </ul>
 32       </section>
 33       <ul class="tab_search fix_bottom">
 34         <li class="tabcrt">时间</li>
 35         <li class="tab_hotel ">推荐</li>
 36         <li class="tab_hotel ">阅读</li>
 37         <li class="tab_hotel ">评论</li>
 38       </ul>
 39     </div>
 40   </div>
 41 <script type="text/template" id="item-template">
 42   <li class="arr_r orderItem" data-id="<%=id %>">
 43   <article class="blog_item">
 44     <h3>
 45       <a href="<%=link.href %>" target="_blank">
 46         <%=title.value || '无题' %></a>
 47     </h3>
 48     <div class="author pro_list_rank">
 49       <%if(author.avatar){ %>
 50       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" target="_blank">
 51         <img src="<%=author.avatar %>">
 52       </a>
 53       <%} %>
 54       <%=summary.value %>
 55     </div>
 56     <div class="item_footer">
 57       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" class="lightblue">Scut</a>
 58       <%=published %>
 59       <a href="<%=link.href %>" title="2013-08-21 15:21" class="gray">评论(<%=comments %>)</a>
 60       <a href="<%=link.href %>" class="gray">阅读(<%=views %>)</a> <span class="price1">推荐(<%=diggs %>)</span></div>
 61   </article>
 62 </li>
 63 </script>
 64   <script src="libs/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 65   <script src="libs/underscore.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 66   <script src="libs/backbone.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 67   <script type="text/javascript" src="libs/backbone.localStorage.js"></script>
 68   <script type="text/javascript">
 69     //博客模型
 70     var PostModel = Backbone.Model.extend({
 71 
 72     });
 73 
 74     //模型集合
 75     var PostList = Backbone.Collection.extend({
 76       model: PostModel,
 77       parse: function (data) {
 78         // 'data' contains the raw JSON object
 79         return (data && data.feed && data.feed.entry) || {}
 80       }
 81     });
 82 
 83 var View = Backbone.View.extend({
 84   template: _.template($('#item-template').html()),
 85   initialize: function () {
 86     var scope = this;
 87     var curpage = 1;
 88     var pageSize = 10;
 89     this.list = new PostList();
 90     this.list.url = 'Handler.ashx?url=http://wcf.open.cnblogs.com/blog/sitehome/paged/' + curpage + '/' + pageSize;
 91     this.list.fetch({
 92       success: function () {
 93         scope.render();
 94       }
 95     });
 96     this.wrapper = $('#lstbox');
 97   },
 98   render: function () {
 99     var models = this.list.models;
100     var html = '';
101     for (var i = 0, len = models.length; i < len; i++) {
102       html += this.template(models[i].toJSON());
103 
104     }
105     this.wrapper.html(html);
106     var s = '';
107   }
108 });
109 
110     var view = new View();
111     var s = '';
112 
113   </script>
114 </body>
115 </html>
完整Html代码

到现在为止,我们只是简单将视图展示了出来,现在我们来多用一点集合与模型的操作,深入之前的学习

操作集合/模型

这里又有个比较遗憾的地方就是,我们并不需要写数据到服务器,我这里也不准备调用写的接口,所以model又被边缘化了......

集合排序

我们这里对下面的几个做一个排序处理,比如按时间排序,按推荐数排序等,这里就要用的集合里面的操作了

然后我们来看看我们如何只改变集合的数据,而让dom自己发生变化

有一点需要注意的是,我们现在还不是完整的单页,后面引入路由时候慢慢改进程序结构

首先我们需要为下面几个可爱的按钮绑定点击事件:

1   <ul class="tab_search fix_bottom" id="sort">
2     <li class="tabcrt" attr="time">时间</li>
3     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="recommend">推荐</li>
4     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="read">阅读</li>
5     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="comment">评论</li>
6   </ul>
1 events: {
2   'click #sort': function (e) {
3     var el = $(e.target);
4     var sort = el.attr('attr');
5 
6     var s = '';
7   }
8 },

events: {
  'click #sort': function (e) {
    var el = $(e.target);
    var type = el.attr('attr');
    this.list.setComparator(type);
    this.list.sort();
  }
},

//list新增方法
setComparator: function (type) {
  this.comparator = function (item) {
    return Math.max(item.attributes[type]);
  }
}

这个时候在初始化时候再注册一个事件

this.listenTo(this.list, 'all', this.render);

于是就能点击不同的标签按不同的倒叙排列,这里注意一点是每次改变都会触发list的all事件(其实应该是reset),完了触发view的render重新渲染了下数据

  1 <!DOCTYPE html>
  2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  3 <head>
  4   <meta charset="utf-8" />
  5   <title></title>
  6   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
  7   <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/style/main2.css" />
  8   <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/style/tuan.css" />
  9   <style> .pro_list_rank { margin: 5px 0; padding-right: 22px; }
 10     .figcaption span { text-align: center; }
 11     .blog_item {}
 12     .blog_item img { width: 48px; height; 48px; margin: 4px; padding: 1px; float: left; border: 1px solid #CCC;  }
 13     
 14     .blog_item .item_footer { color: #757575; font-size: 0.86em; }
 15     a { color:  #005A94; }
 16     .tab_hotel { border-left: 1px solid #2B97E2; }
 17     .cont_wrap .content { background-color: White; padding: 5px 10px; }
 18     img { max-width: 98%; }</style>
 19 </head>
 20 <body>
 21   <div class="main-frame">
 22     <div class="main-viewport" id="main-viewport">
 23     </div>
 24   </div>
 25   <script type="text/template" id="index-template">
 26   <header>
 27     <b class="icon_home i_bef" id="js_home"></b>
 28     <h1>
 29       博客园</h1>
 30     <i id="js_return" class="returnico"></i>
 31   </header>
 32   <section class="cont_wrap">
 33     <ul class="pro_list" id="lstbox">
 34     </ul>
 35   </section>
 36   <ul class="tab_search fix_bottom" id="sort">
 37     <li class="tabcrt" attr="updated">时间</li>
 38     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="diggs">推荐</li>
 39     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="views">阅读</li>
 40     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="comments">评论</li>
 41   </ul>
 42   </script>
 43   <script type="text/template" id="item-template">
 44   <li class="arr_r orderItem" data-id="<%=id %>">
 45   <article class="blog_item">
 46     <h3>
 47       <a href="<%=link.href %>" target="_blank">
 48         <%=title.value || '无题' %></a>
 49     </h3>
 50     <div class="author pro_list_rank">
 51       <%if(author.avatar){ %>
 52       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" target="_blank">
 53         <img src="<%=author.avatar %>">
 54       </a>
 55       <%} %>
 56       <%=summary.value %>
 57     </div>
 58     <div class="item_footer">
 59       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" class="lightblue">Scut</a>
 60       <%=published %>
 61       <a href="<%=link.href %>" title="2013-08-21 15:21" class="gray">评论(<%=comments %>)</a>
 62       <a href="<%=link.href %>" class="gray">阅读(<%=views %>)</a> <span class="price1">推荐(<%=diggs %>)</span></div>
 63   </article>
 64 </li>
 65 </script>
 66   <script src="libs/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 67   <script src="libs/underscore.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 68   <script src="libs/backbone.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 69   <script type="text/javascript" src="libs/backbone.localStorage.js"></script>
 70   <script type="text/javascript">
 71     //博客模型
 72     var PostModel = Backbone.Model.extend({
 73 
 74     });
 75 
 76     //模型集合
 77     var PostList = Backbone.Collection.extend({
 78       model: PostModel,
 79       parse: function (data) {
 80         // 'data' contains the raw JSON object
 81         return (data && data.feed && data.feed.entry) || {}
 82       },
 83       setComparator: function (type) {
 84         this.comparator = function (item) {
 85           return Math.max(item.attributes[type]);
 86         }
 87       }
 88     });
 89 
 90     var View = Backbone.View.extend({
 91       el: $('#main-viewport'),
 92       template: _.template($('#index-template').html()),
 93       itemTmpt: _.template($('#item-template').html()),
 94 
 95       events: {
 96         'click #sort': function (e) {
 97           var el = $(e.target);
 98           var type = el.attr('attr');
 99           this.list.setComparator(type);
100           this.list.sort();
101         }
102       },
103       initialize: function () {
104         //先生成框架html
105         this.$el.html(this.template());
106 
107         var scope = this;
108         var curpage = 1;
109         var pageSize = 10;
110         this.list = new PostList();
111         this.list.url = 'Handler.ashx?url=http://wcf.open.cnblogs.com/blog/sitehome/paged/' + curpage + '/' + pageSize;
112         this.list.fetch({
113           success: function () {
114             scope.render();
115           }
116         });
117         this.wrapper = $('#lstbox');
118 
119         this.listenTo(this.list, 'all', this.render);
120 
121       },
122       render: function () {
123 
124         var models = this.list.models;
125         var html = '';
126         for (var i = 0, len = models.length; i < len; i++) {
127           html += this.itemTmpt(models[i].toJSON());
128         }
129         this.wrapper.html(html);
130         var s = '';
131       }
132     });
133 
134     var view = new View();
135     var s = '';
136 
137   </script>
138 </body>
139 </html>
完整代码

这里对集合的操作暂时到此,对model的操作仍然没有涉及,我们先引入路由再说吧

Control-引入路由

MVC中View的代码量可能很大,但是Control的代码往往才是核心,他全局观察着整个程序的运作,但是这里却给他换了个名字——路由

其实这个名字比较靠谱,Backbone中的控制器其实就是充当了路由的角色

路由的效果

现在我们还没看源码,不知道其实现细节,但是实现表现是这样的:

http://www.example.com/#/state1
http://www.example.com/#/state2

这里state1,和state2便是不同的View了,以我们这个例子来说,如果index是首页列表视图,detail便是某一篇博客的视图了,所以

http://www.example.com/#/index——首页列表
http://www.example.com/#/detail——具体博客

这个是路由的基本功能,想一想,假如,我们现在各个View已经写开了,view与view直接数据可以由localstorage通信

但是全局性各个状态,全局共用方法还得放到控制器里面,这里对应的就是路由里面(比如我一个全局的showLoading方法)

说了这么多也没意义,我们先将detail的view做了,再看他是怎么路由的

切换视图

其实这个代码,我处理的的有问题,我们上面的列表中的每一个列表项其实应该对应一个model

我在过程中却将model与dom的映射关系给丢了,比如我现在点击一个列表项,我需要知道我现在对应的是哪一个model

这里补救方案是给dom上增加一个索引index,点击时候根据index获取当前索引,但是这不是长久之计,后面需要更好的办法

1 for (var i = 0, len = models.length; i < len; i++) {
2   models[i].index = i;
3   html += this.itemTmpt(_.extend(models[i].toJSON(), {index: i}));
4 }

于是我们每一个dom上面就会多出一个index的属性,哎,这里感觉不是太好啊

现在点击各个列表后会给相关model增加一个model的属性:

然后我们这里初略的重新渲染下页面,这里稍微修改下代码:

  1 <!DOCTYPE html>
  2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  3 <head>
  4   <meta charset="utf-8" />
  5   <title></title>
  6   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
  7   <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/style/main2.css" />
  8   <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/style/tuan.css" />
  9   <style> .pro_list_rank { margin: 5px 0; padding-right: 22px; }
 10     .figcaption span { text-align: center; }
 11     .blog_item {}
 12     .blog_item img { width: 48px; height; 48px; margin: 4px; padding: 1px; float: left; border: 1px solid #CCC;  }
 13     
 14     .blog_item .item_footer { color: #757575; font-size: 0.86em; }
 15     a { color:  #005A94; }
 16     .tab_hotel { border-left: 1px solid #2B97E2; }
 17     .cont_wrap .content { background-color: White; padding: 5px 10px; }
 18     img { max-width: 98%; }</style>
 19 </head>
 20 <body>
 21   <div class="main-frame">
 22     <div class="main-viewport" id="main-viewport">
 23     </div>
 24   </div>
 25   <script type="text/template" id="index-template">
 26   <header>
 27     <b class="icon_home i_bef" id="js_home"></b>
 28     <h1>
 29       博客园</h1>
 30     <i id="js_return" class="returnico"></i>
 31   </header>
 32   <section class="cont_wrap">
 33     <div id="post"></div>
 34     <ul class="pro_list" id="lstbox">
 35     </ul>
 36   </section>
 37   <ul class="tab_search fix_bottom" id="sort">
 38     <li class="tabcrt" attr="updated">时间</li>
 39     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="diggs">推荐</li>
 40     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="views">阅读</li>
 41     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="comments">评论</li>
 42   </ul>
 43   </script>
 44   <script type="text/template" id="item-template">
 45   <li class="arr_r orderItem" data-id="<%=id %>" data-index = "<%=index %>">
 46   <article class="blog_item">
 47     <h3>
 48       <a href="<%=link.href %>" target="_blank">
 49         <%=title.value || '无题' %></a>
 50     </h3>
 51     <div class="author pro_list_rank">
 52       <%if(author.avatar){ %>
 53       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" target="_blank">
 54         <img src="<%=author.avatar %>">
 55       </a>
 56       <%} %>
 57       <%=summary.value %>
 58     </div>
 59     <div class="item_footer">
 60       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" class="lightblue">Scut</a>
 61       <%=published %>
 62       <a href="<%=link.href %>" title="2013-08-21 15:21" class="gray">评论(<%=comments %>)</a>
 63       <a href="<%=link.href %>" class="gray">阅读(<%=views %>)</a> <span class="price1">推荐(<%=diggs %>)</span></div>
 64   </article>
 65 </li>
 66 </script>
 67   <script type="text/template" id="detail-template">
 68 <section class="cont_wrap" >
 69   <article class="content">
 70           <h1>
 71               <a href="#"><%=title.value %></a></h1>
 72               <div style=" text-align: right; ">
 73               <time pubdate="pubdate" value="2013-04-15"><%=published %></time><br /><span>阅读(<%=views %>)
 74                   评论(<%=comments %></span>
 75               </div>
 76       <p><%=value %></p>
 77   </article>
 78 </section>
 79 </script>
 80   <script src="libs/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 81   <script src="libs/underscore.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 82   <script src="libs/backbone.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 83   <script type="text/javascript" src="libs/backbone.localStorage.js"></script>
 84   <script type="text/javascript">
 85     //博客模型
 86     var PostModel = Backbone.Model.extend({
 87 
 88     });
 89 
 90     //模型集合
 91     var PostList = Backbone.Collection.extend({
 92       model: PostModel,
 93       parse: function (data) {
 94         // 'data' contains the raw JSON object
 95         return (data && data.feed && data.feed.entry) || {}
 96       },
 97       setComparator: function (type) {
 98         this.comparator = function (item) {
 99           return Math.max(item.attributes[type]);
100         }
101       }
102     });
103 
104     var Detail = Backbone.View.extend({
105       template: _.template($('#detail-template').html()),
106       initialize: function () {
107 
108       },
109       render: function () {
110         this.$el.html(this.template(this.model.toJSON()));
111         return this;
112       },
113       events: {
114         'click #js_return': function () {
115           window.reload();
116         }
117       }
118     });
119 
120     var Index = Backbone.View.extend({
121       el: $('#main-viewport'),
122       template: _.template($('#index-template').html()),
123       itemTmpt: _.template($('#item-template').html()),
124 
125       events: {
126         'click #sort': function (e) {
127           var el = $(e.target);
128           var type = el.attr('attr');
129           this.list.setComparator(type);
130           this.list.sort();
131         },
132         'click .orderItem': function (e) {
133           var el = $(e.currentTarget);
134           var id = el.attr('data-id');
135           var index = el.attr('data-index');
136           var model = this.list.models[index];
137           var scope = this;
138           var param = { url: 'http://wcf.open.cnblogs.com/blog/post/body/' + id }
139           $.get('Handler.ashx', param, function (data) {
140             (typeof data === 'string') && (data = $.parseJSON(data));
141             if (data && data.string) {
142               //此处将content内容写入model
143               model.set('value', data.string.value);
144 
145               var d = new Detail();
146               d.model = model;
147               scope.wrapper.hide();
148               scope.post.append(d.render().el);
149 
150             }
151           });
152 
153 
154           var s = '';
155         }
156       },
157       initialize: function () {
158         //先生成框架html
159         this.$el.html(this.template());
160         this.post = this.$('#post');
161 
162         var scope = this;
163         var curpage = 1;
164         var pageSize = 10;
165         this.list = new PostList();
166         this.list.url = 'Handler.ashx?url=http://wcf.open.cnblogs.com/blog/sitehome/paged/' + curpage + '/' + pageSize;
167         this.list.fetch({
168           success: function () {
169             scope.render();
170           }
171         });
172         this.wrapper = $('#lstbox');
173 
174         this.listenTo(this.list, 'all', this.render);
175 
176       },
177       render: function () {
178 
179         var models = this.list.models;
180         var html = '';
181         for (var i = 0, len = models.length; i < len; i++) {
182           models[i].index = i;
183           html += this.itemTmpt(_.extend(models[i].toJSON(), { index: i }));
184         }
185         this.wrapper.html(html);
186         var s = '';
187       }
188     });
189 
190     var index = new Index();
191 //    var detail 
192 
193 
194     var s = '';
195 
196   </script>
197 </body>
198 </html>
完整的代码

这个代码里面,我们点击其中一个list-item就会显示我们博客正文,但是问题马上就来了

现在的问题

做到现在我们程序大概的逻辑也出来了,当然,问题也出来了:

① 我从首页来到了博客页,但是大哥,我该怎么回去啊???

② 我们的程序全部在demo这个页面里面,个人感觉很乱啊!!!现在是两个view就这样,万一我有20个view我是不是要哭!!!

③ 我们最开始的view时index的,比如上面的回退按钮与“博客园”三个字,我们在博客页整个view应该隶属于自己的,但是这是嵌套的,很乱

要解决以上问题,我觉得是时候引入require已经路由的知识点了

require这个库,我们后面有时间在一起深入学习下,这里只是使用其核心的功能,简单起见,模板我就全部写在demo中,不予分离了

引入路由功能

我们当然想在页面中点击某个按钮来导向某个方法了,比如我们上面进入了detail博客页,我现在先回到首页,我可以后退

 1 var App = Backbone.Router.extend({
 2   routes: {
 3     "": "index",    // #index
 4     "index": "index",    // #index
 5     "detail": "detail"    // #detail
 6   },
 7   index: function () {
 8     var index = new Index();
 9   }
10 });
11 
12 var app = new App();
13 Backbone.history.start();

这么小心一段代码加上后,就会在页面url锚点#后面的字符变了后执行相关的方法,显然我们这里需要更多的信息,或者说,我们的路由应该担任整个view通信的功能

首先,我们这里将index与detail两个view的模板完全独立,这里用了比较图的办法,全部清除html,但是现在确实可以跳转了

  1 <!DOCTYPE html>
  2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  3 <head>
  4   <meta charset="utf-8" />
  5   <title></title>
  6   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
  7   <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/style/main2.css" />
  8   <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/style/tuan.css" />
  9   <style> .pro_list_rank { margin: 5px 0; padding-right: 22px; }
 10     .figcaption span { text-align: center; }
 11     .blog_item {}
 12     .blog_item img { width: 48px; height; 48px; margin: 4px; padding: 1px; float: left; border: 1px solid #CCC;  }
 13     
 14     .blog_item .item_footer { color: #757575; font-size: 0.86em; }
 15     a { color:  #005A94; }
 16     .tab_hotel { border-left: 1px solid #2B97E2; }
 17     .cont_wrap .content { background-color: White; padding: 5px 10px; }
 18     img { max-width: 98%; }</style>
 19 </head>
 20 <body>
 21   <h1>
 22     <a href="demo.htm#index">index</a>
 23   </h1>
 24   <div class="main-frame">
 25     <div class="main-viewport" id="main-viewport">
 26     </div>
 27   </div>
 28   <script type="text/template" id="index-template">
 29   <header>
 30     <b class="icon_home i_bef" id="js_home"></b>
 31     <h1>
 32       博客园</h1>
 33 
 34     <i id="js_return" class="returnico"></i>
 35   </header>
 36   <section class="cont_wrap">
 37     <div id="post"></div>
 38     <ul class="pro_list" id="lstbox">
 39     </ul>
 40   </section>
 41   <ul class="tab_search fix_bottom" id="sort">
 42     <li class="tabcrt" attr="updated">时间</li>
 43     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="diggs">推荐</li>
 44     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="views">阅读</li>
 45     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="comments">评论</li>
 46   </ul>
 47   </script>
 48   <script type="text/template" id="item-template">
 49   <li class="arr_r orderItem" data-id="<%=id %>" data-index = "<%=index %>">
 50   <article class="blog_item">
 51     <h3>
 52       <a href="<%=link.href %>" target="_blank">
 53         <%=title.value || '无题' %></a>
 54     </h3>
 55     <div class="author pro_list_rank">
 56       <%if(author.avatar){ %>
 57       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" target="_blank">
 58         <img src="<%=author.avatar %>">
 59       </a>
 60       <%} %>
 61       <%=summary.value %>
 62     </div>
 63     <div class="item_footer">
 64       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" class="lightblue">Scut</a>
 65       <%=published %>
 66       <a href="<%=link.href %>" title="2013-08-21 15:21" class="gray">评论(<%=comments %>)</a>
 67       <a href="<%=link.href %>" class="gray">阅读(<%=views %>)</a> <span class="price1">推荐(<%=diggs %>)</span></div>
 68   </article>
 69 </li>
 70 </script>
 71   <script type="text/template" id="detail-template">
 72 <section class="cont_wrap" >
 73   <article class="content">
 74           <h1>
 75               <a href="#"><%=title.value %></a></h1>
 76               <div style=" text-align: right; ">
 77               <time pubdate="pubdate" value="2013-04-15"><%=published %></time><br /><span>阅读(<%=views %>)
 78                   评论(<%=comments %></span>
 79               </div>
 80       <p><%=value %></p>
 81   </article>
 82 </section>
 83 </script>
 84   <script src="libs/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 85   <script src="libs/underscore.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 86   <script src="libs/backbone.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 87   <script type="text/javascript" src="libs/backbone.localStorage.js"></script>
 88   <script type="text/javascript">
 89     //博客模型
 90     var PostModel = Backbone.Model.extend({
 91 
 92     });
 93 
 94     //模型集合
 95     var PostList = Backbone.Collection.extend({
 96       model: PostModel,
 97       parse: function (data) {
 98         // 'data' contains the raw JSON object
 99         return (data && data.feed && data.feed.entry) || {}
100       },
101       setComparator: function (type) {
102         this.comparator = function (item) {
103           return Math.max(item.attributes[type]);
104         }
105       }
106     });
107 
108     var Detail = Backbone.View.extend({
109       el: $('#main-viewport'),
110       template: _.template($('#index-template').html()),
111       detail: _.template($('#detail-template').html()),
112       initialize: function () {
113         this.$el.html(this.template());
114         this.wrapper = $('#lstbox');
115 
116       },
117       render: function () {
118         this.wrapper.html(this.detail(this.model.toJSON()));
119       },
120       events: {
121         'click #js_return': function () {
122           location.href = "demo.htm";
123         }
124       }
125     });
126 
127     var Index = Backbone.View.extend({
128       el: $('#main-viewport'),
129       template: _.template($('#index-template').html()),
130       itemTmpt: _.template($('#item-template').html()),
131 
132       events: {
133         'click #sort': function (e) {
134           var el = $(e.target);
135           var type = el.attr('attr');
136           this.list.setComparator(type);
137           this.list.sort();
138         },
139         'click .orderItem': function (e) {
140           var el = $(e.currentTarget);
141           var id = el.attr('data-id');
142           var index = el.attr('data-index');
143           var model = this.list.models[index];
144           var scope = this;
145           var param = { url: 'http://wcf.open.cnblogs.com/blog/post/body/' + id }
146           $.get('Handler.ashx', param, function (data) {
147             (typeof data === 'string') && (data = $.parseJSON(data));
148             if (data && data.string) {
149               //此处将content内容写入model
150               model.set('value', data.string.value);
151               var d = new Detail();
152               d.model = model;
153               d.render();
154             }
155           });
156           var s = '';
157         }
158       },
159       initialize: function () {
160         //先生成框架html
161         this.$el.html(this.template());
162         this.post = this.$('#post');
163 
164         var scope = this;
165         var curpage = 1;
166         var pageSize = 10;
167         this.list = new PostList();
168         this.list.url = 'Handler.ashx?url=http://wcf.open.cnblogs.com/blog/sitehome/paged/' + curpage + '/' + pageSize;
169         this.list.fetch({
170           success: function () {
171             scope.render();
172           }
173         });
174         this.wrapper = $('#lstbox');
175 
176         this.listenTo(this.list, 'all', this.render);
177 
178       },
179       render: function () {
180 
181         var models = this.list.models;
182         var html = '';
183         for (var i = 0, len = models.length; i < len; i++) {
184           models[i].index = i;
185           html += this.itemTmpt(_.extend(models[i].toJSON(), { index: i }));
186         }
187         this.wrapper.html(html);
188         var s = '';
189       }
190     });
191 
192     //    var index = new Index();
193     //    var detail
194 
195     var App = Backbone.Router.extend({
196       routes: {
197         "": "index",    // #index
198         "index": "index",    // #index
199         "detail": "detail"    // #detail
200       },
201       index: function () {
202         var index = new Index();
203       }
204     });
205 
206     var app = new App();
207     Backbone.history.start();
208 
209     var s = '';
210 
211   </script>
212 </body>
213 </html>
View Code

现在问题又来了,我点击其中一个一个列表项目时候,我就执行了render方法,现在我不想这么做了,我想将其加载数据的逻辑放到detail里面去

并且通过路由的方式实现,但是我们数据model的传递(这里没有使用localstorage)需要用路由来实现

  1 <!DOCTYPE html>
  2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  3 <head>
  4   <meta charset="utf-8" />
  5   <title></title>
  6   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
  7   <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/style/main2.css" />
  8   <link rel="Stylesheet" type="text/css" href="res/style/tuan.css" />
  9   <style> .pro_list_rank { margin: 5px 0; padding-right: 22px; }
 10     .figcaption span { text-align: center; }
 11     .blog_item {}
 12     .blog_item img { width: 48px; height; 48px; margin: 4px; padding: 1px; float: left; border: 1px solid #CCC;  }
 13     
 14     .blog_item .item_footer { color: #757575; font-size: 0.86em; }
 15     a { color:  #005A94; }
 16     .tab_hotel { border-left: 1px solid #2B97E2; }
 17     .cont_wrap .content { background-color: White; padding: 5px 10px; }
 18     img { max-width: 98%; }</style>
 19 </head>
 20 <body>
 21   <div class="main-frame">
 22     <div class="main-viewport" id="main-viewport">
 23     </div>
 24   </div>
 25   <script type="text/template" id="index-template">
 26   <header>
 27     <b class="icon_home i_bef" id="js_home"></b>
 28     <h1>
 29       博客园</h1>
 30 
 31     <i id="js_return" class="returnico"></i>
 32   </header>
 33   <section class="cont_wrap">
 34     <div id="post"></div>
 35     <ul class="pro_list" id="lstbox">
 36     </ul>
 37   </section>
 38   <ul class="tab_search fix_bottom" id="sort">
 39     <li class="tabcrt" attr="updated">时间</li>
 40     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="diggs">推荐</li>
 41     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="views">阅读</li>
 42     <li class="tab_hotel" attr="comments">评论</li>
 43   </ul>
 44   </script>
 45   <script type="text/template" id="item-template">
 46   <li class="arr_r orderItem" data-id="<%=id %>" data-index = "<%=index %>">
 47   <article class="blog_item">
 48     <h3>
 49       <a href="<%=link.href %>" target="_blank">
 50         <%=title.value || '无题' %></a>
 51     </h3>
 52     <div class="author pro_list_rank">
 53       <%if(author.avatar){ %>
 54       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" target="_blank">
 55         <img src="<%=author.avatar %>">
 56       </a>
 57       <%} %>
 58       <%=summary.value %>
 59     </div>
 60     <div class="item_footer">
 61       <a href="<%=author.uri %>" class="lightblue">Scut</a>
 62       <%=published %>
 63       <a href="<%=link.href %>" title="2013-08-21 15:21" class="gray">评论(<%=comments %>)</a>
 64       <a href="<%=link.href %>" class="gray">阅读(<%=views %>)</a> <span class="price1">推荐(<%=diggs %>)</span></div>
 65   </article>
 66 </li>
 67 </script>
 68   <script type="text/template" id="detail-template">
 69 <section class="cont_wrap" >
 70   <article class="content">
 71           <h1>
 72               <a href="#"><%=title.value %></a></h1>
 73               <div style=" text-align: right; ">
 74               <time pubdate="pubdate" value="2013-04-15"><%=published %></time><br /><span>阅读(<%=views %>)
 75                   评论(<%=comments %></span>
 76               </div>
 77       <p><%=value %></p>
 78   </article>
 79 </section>
 80 </script>
 81   <script src="libs/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 82   <script src="libs/underscore.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 83   <script src="libs/backbone.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 84   <script type="text/javascript" src="libs/backbone.localStorage.js"></script>
 85   <script type="text/javascript">
 86     //博客模型
 87     var PostModel = Backbone.Model.extend({
 88 
 89     });
 90 
 91     //模型集合
 92     var PostList = Backbone.Collection.extend({
 93       model: PostModel,
 94       parse: function (data) {
 95         // 'data' contains the raw JSON object
 96         return (data && data.feed && data.feed.entry) || {}
 97       },
 98       setComparator: function (type) {
 99         this.comparator = function (item) {
100           return Math.max(item.attributes[type]);
101         }
102       }
103     });
104 
105     var Detail = Backbone.View.extend({
106       el: $('#main-viewport'),
107       template: _.template($('#index-template').html()),
108       detail: _.template($('#detail-template').html()),
109       initialize: function (app) {
110         this.app = app;
111         this.$el.html(this.template());
112         this.wrapper = $('#lstbox');
113         this.render();
114       },
115       render: function () {
116         var scope = this;
117         var id = this.app.id;
118 
119         var param = { url: 'http://wcf.open.cnblogs.com/blog/post/body/' + id }
120 
121         var model = this.app.model;
122 
123         $.get('Handler.ashx', param, function (data) {
124           (typeof data === 'string') && (data = $.parseJSON(data));
125           if (data && data.string) {
126             //此处将content内容写入model
127             model.set('value', data.string.value);
128             scope.wrapper.html(scope.detail(model.toJSON()));
129           }
130         });
131 
132       },
133       events: {
134         'click #js_return': function () {
135           this.app.forward('index')
136         }
137       }
138     });
139 
140     var Index = Backbone.View.extend({
141       el: $('#main-viewport'),
142       template: _.template($('#index-template').html()),
143       itemTmpt: _.template($('#item-template').html()),
144 
145       events: {
146         'click #sort': function (e) {
147           var el = $(e.target);
148           var type = el.attr('attr');
149           this.list.setComparator(type);
150           this.list.sort();
151         },
152         'click .orderItem': function (e) {
153           var el = $(e.currentTarget);
154           var index = el.attr('data-index');
155           var id = el.attr('data-id');
156           var model = this.list.models[index];
157           this.app.model = model;
158           this.app.id = id;
159 
160 
161           this.app.forward('detail');
162           //          var scope = this;
163           //          var param = { url: 'http://wcf.open.cnblogs.com/blog/post/body/' + id }
164           //          $.get('Handler.ashx', param, function (data) {
165           //            (typeof data === 'string') && (data = $.parseJSON(data));
166           //            if (data && data.string) {
167           //              //此处将content内容写入model
168           //              model.set('value', data.string.value);
169           //              var d = new Detail();
170           //              d.model = model;
171           //              d.render();
172           //            }
173           //          });
174           //          var s = '';
175         }
176       },
177       initialize: function (app) {
178         this.app = app;
179 
180         //先生成框架html
181         this.$el.html(this.template());
182         this.post = this.$('#post');
183 
184         var scope = this;
185         var curpage = 1;
186         var pageSize = 10;
187         this.list = new PostList();
188         this.list.url = 'Handler.ashx?url=http://wcf.open.cnblogs.com/blog/sitehome/paged/' + curpage + '/' + pageSize;
189         this.list.fetch({
190           success: function () {
191             scope.render();
192           }
193         });
194         this.wrapper = $('#lstbox');
195 
196         this.listenTo(this.list, 'all', this.render);
197 
198       },
199       render: function () {
200 
201         var models = this.list.models;
202         var html = '';
203         for (var i = 0, len = models.length; i < len; i++) {
204           models[i].index = i;
205           html += this.itemTmpt(_.extend(models[i].toJSON(), { index: i }));
206         }
207         this.wrapper.html(html);
208         var s = '';
209       }
210     });
211 
212     //    var index = new Index();
213     //    var detail
214 
215     var App = Backbone.Router.extend({
216       routes: {
217         "": "index",    // #index
218         "index": "index",    // #index
219         "detail": "detail"    // #detail
220       },
221       index: function () {
222         var index = new Index(this.interface);
223 
224       },
225       detail: function () {
226         var detail = new Detail(this.interface);
227 
228       },
229       initialize: function () {
230 
231       },
232       interface: {
233         forward: function (url) {
234           window.location.href = ('#' + url).replace(/^#+/, '#');
235         }
236 
237       }
238 
239 
240     });
241 
242     var app = new App();
243     Backbone.history.start();
244 
245     var s = '';
246 
247   </script>
248 </body>
249 </html>
重要版本

如此一来,我们的基本逻辑结束,马上我们又面临其它问题:

① 我们每个view的initialize方法都会被传入app接口

② 我们每个view都有一些重复的代码(比如this.app = app),而我们各个view没有好的状态控制

比如我们页面的create阶段,load阶段,show阶段,hide阶段,这些都需要事件进行处理,这里却没法一一关注

③ 可以看到,我们的路由居然还充当了很多传递数据的作用,但是我们并不应该这样写

④ 各位是否感觉我们的路由仍然太简陋,我们的程序很容易报错呢?

以上这些问题暂时留给各位思考,我下次使用require将我们的view分离先,本来今天想做的,但是感觉干不动了

结语

今天的内容暂时到此,本来想做个简单的例子来着,结果做着做着居然又涉及到这么多东西了,我们下次将这个单页应用完成,并且开始源码学习:

① 细化App(路由/控制器),让其完成更多的工作

② 引入require分离view

③ 创建view父类供各个view使用

④ 源码细节实现分析

总的来说,Backbone的阅读应该比原来碰到的框架难,原来那些框架只不过是基础库,但是Backbone涉及到了思想

这种框架性东西,我们后面还得花大力气消化,今天暂时到此

posted on 2013-12-22 20:38  叶小钗  阅读(5947)  评论(7编辑  收藏  举报