UA池和代理池
UA池和代理池均在下载中间件中实现，中间件中实现后需要到setting文件中开启相关中间件
UA池
版本不一样，导包位置可能不一样from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware
常用UA池
user_agent_list=[ "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.119 Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en; rv:1.8.1) Gecko/20061208 Firefox/2.0.0 Opera 9.50", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; en) Opera 9.50", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:34.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/34.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.57.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.7 Safari/534.57.2", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.71 Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.133 Safari/534.16", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/30.0.1599.101 Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER) ", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.4.3.4000 Chrome/30.0.1599.101 Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 UBrowser/4.0.3214.0 Safari/537.36", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:65.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/65.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)", "Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)", "MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)", ]
UA池相关代码
#UA池代码 from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware import random class RandomUserAgent(UserAgentMiddleware): def process_request(self,request,spider): #从ua列表中随机选择一个ua值 ua=random.choice(user_agent_list) #ua值进行当前拦截到请求的ua的写入操作 request.headers.setdefault("User-Agent",ua)
代理池
代理值一定要完整，必须是协议头://xxx.xxx.xx，如http://185.251.219.17:53281
常用免费代理http://www.goubanjia.com/
代理池相关代码
#代理池 #批量对拦截到的请求进行ip更换 proxies_http=[ "27.209.234.11:9999" ] proxies_https=[ "185.251.219.17:53281" ] class ProxyMiddleware(object): def process_request(self,request,spider): #对拦截到的请求进行协议头判断，是http还是https #request.url返回的格式为https://xx.xx.xx.com h = request.url.split(":")[0] if h == "https": proxy=random.choice(proxies_https) else: proxy=random.choice(proxies_http) request.meta["proxy"] =h+"://"+proxy
设置代理中间件
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'wangyiPro.middlewares.WangyiproDownloaderMiddleware': 543, 'wangyiPro.middlewares.RandomUserAgent':542, 'wangyiPro.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware':541, }
