高性能NIO框架Netty-对象传输
http://cxytiandi.com/blog/detail/17403
上篇文章高性能NIO框架Netty入门篇我们对Netty做了一个简单的介绍,并且写了一个入门的Demo,客户端往服务端发送一个字符串的消息,服务端回复一个字符串的消息,今天我们来学习下在Netty中怎么使用对象来传输数据。
上篇文章中传输字符串我们用的是框架自带的StringEncoder,StringDecoder编解码器,现在想要通过对象来传输数据,该怎么弄呢?
既然StringEncoder和StringDecoder可以传输字符串,我们来看看这2个类的源码不就知道它们到底做了一些什么工作。
StringEncoder
public class StringEncoder extends MessageToMessageEncoder<CharSequence> {// TODO Use CharsetEncoder instead.private final Charset charset;/*** Creates a new instance with the current system character set.*/public StringEncoder() {this(Charset.defaultCharset());}/*** Creates a new instance with the specified character set.*/public StringEncoder(Charset charset) {if (charset == null) {throw new NullPointerException("charset");}this.charset = charset;}@Overrideprotected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, CharSequence msg, List<Object> out) throws Exception {if (msg.length() == 0) {return;}out.add(ByteBufUtil.encodeString(ctx.alloc(), CharBuffer.wrap(msg), charset));}}
通过继承MessageToMessageEncoder,重写encode方法来进行编码操作,就是将字符串进行输出即可。
StringDecoder
public class StringDecoder extends MessageToMessageDecoder<ByteBuf> {// TODO Use CharsetDecoder instead.private final Charset charset;/*** Creates a new instance with the current system character set.*/public StringDecoder() {this(Charset.defaultCharset());}/*** Creates a new instance with the specified character set.*/public StringDecoder(Charset charset) {if (charset == null) {throw new NullPointerException("charset");}this.charset = charset;}@Overrideprotected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg, List<Object> out) throws Exception {out.add(msg.toString(charset));}}
继承MessageToMessageDecoder,重写decode方法,将ByteBuf数据直接转成字符串进行输出,解码完成。
通过上面的源码分析,我们发现编解码的原理无非就是在数据传输前进行一次处理,接收后进行一次处理,在网络中传输的数据都是字节,我们现在想要传PO对象,那么必然需要进行编码和解码2个步骤,我们可以自定义编解码器来对对象进行序列化,然后通过ByteBuf的形式进行传输, 传输对象需要实现java.io.Serializable接口。
首先我们定义一个传输对象,实现序列化接口,暂时先定义2个字段,一个ID,用来标识客户端,一个内容字段,代码如下:
public class Message implements Serializable {private static final long serialVersionUID = -7543514952950971498L;private String id;private String content;public String getId() {return id;}public void setId(String id) {this.id = id;}public String getContent() {return content;}public void setContent(String content) {this.content = content;}}
传输对象定好后,定义对象的编解码器。
对象编码器
将对象序列化成字节,通过ByteBuf形式进行传输,ByteBuf是一个byte存放的缓冲区,提供了读写操作。
public class MessageEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Message> {@Overrideprotected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Message message, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {byte[] datas = ByteUtils.objectToByte(message);out.writeBytes(datas);ctx.flush();}}
对象解码器
接收ByteBuf数据,将ByteBuf反序列化成对象
public class MessageDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {@Overrideprotected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {Object obj = ByteUtils.byteToObject(ByteUtils.read(in));out.add(obj);}}
将上篇文章中服务端的编解码器改成对象编解码器:
public class ImServer {public void run(int port) {EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {@Overridepublic void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {//实体类传输数据,jdk序列化ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new MessageDecoder());ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new MessageEncoder());ch.pipeline().addLast(new ServerPoHandler());//字符串传输数据/*ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());ch.pipeline().addLast(new ServerStringHandler());*/}}).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128).childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);try {ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();f.channel().closeFuture().sync();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();}}}
接下来编写服务端的消息处理类:
public class ServerPoHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {@Overridepublic void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {Message message = (Message) msg;System.err.println("server:" + message.getId());ctx.writeAndFlush(message);}@Overridepublic void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {cause.printStackTrace();ctx.close();}}
服务端改造好了之后,就要改造客户端了,同样的道理,客户端和服务端的编解码器都要一致才行。
客户端连接时指定对象编解码器和对象消息处理类,代码如下:
public class ImConnection {private Channel channel;public Channel connect(String host, int port) {doConnect(host, port);return this.channel;}private void doConnect(String host, int port) {EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();try {Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();b.group(workerGroup);b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {@Overridepublic void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {//实体类传输数据,jdk序列化ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new MessageDecoder());ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new MessageEncoder());ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientPoHandler());//字符串传输数据/*ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientStringHandler());*/}});ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();channel = f.channel();} catch(Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
客户端消息处理类:
/*** 当编解码器为实体对象时时用来接收数据* @author yinjihuan**/public class ClientPoHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {@Overridepublic void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {Message message = (Message) msg;System.out.println("client:" + message.getContent());}@Overridepublic void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {cause.printStackTrace();ctx.close();}}
客户端启动类也需要改造,将发送字符串的消息变成对象消息
public class ImClientApp {public static void main(String[] args) {String host = "127.0.0.1";int port = 2222;Channel channel = new ImConnection().connect(host, port);//对象传输数据Message message = new Message();message.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString().replaceAll("-", ""));message.setContent("hello yinjihuan");channel.writeAndFlush(message);//字符串传输数据//channel.writeAndFlush("yinjihuan");}}

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