Python--发送邮件
Python内置对SMTP的支持，可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。
Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块，email负责构造邮件，smtplib负责发送邮件。
发送纯文本内容
📝 代码如下：
# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
def __init__(self):
self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com"
self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此处是qq邮箱授权码， 不是登录密码
self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"
# 构造邮件结构
# toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"]， subject 邮件的主题， msg 邮件的内容
def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
# 邮件对象:
mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
# 邮件正文是MIMEText ：
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))
return mailMsg.as_string()
# 发送邮件
def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
# 连接服务器发送邮件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 连接smtp服务器
server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登录邮箱
server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 发送邮件
server.quit()
except Exception:
print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")
- 效果图
发送附件图片
📝 代码如下：
如果Email中要加上附件怎么办？带附件的邮件可以看做包含若干部分的邮件：文本和各个附件本身，所以，可以构造一个MIMEMultipart对象代表邮件本身，然后往里面加上一个MIMEText作为邮件正文，再继续往里面加上表示附件的MIMEBase对象即可：
其实就是打开图片并引入(加上这段内容)
with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
# 设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:
mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
# 加上必要的头信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的内容读进来:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64编码:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)
- 发送附件图片 （完整代码如下：）
# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
def __init__(self):
self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com"
self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此处是qq邮箱授权码， 不是登录密码
self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"
# 构造邮件结构
# toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"]， subject 邮件的主题， msg 邮件的内容
def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
# 邮件对象:
mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
# 邮件正文是MIMEText ：
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))
# 发送图片附件， 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象， 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
# 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase，从本地读取一个图片:
with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
# 设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:
mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
# 加上必要的头信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的内容读进来:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64编码:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)
return mailMsg.as_string()
# 发送邮件
def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
# 连接服务器发送邮件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 连接smtp服务器
server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登录邮箱
server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 发送邮件
server.quit()
except Exception:
print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")
- 效果图
如果要把一个图片嵌入到邮件正文中怎么做？直接在HTML邮件中链接图片地址行不行？答案是，大部分邮件服务商都会自动屏蔽带有外链的图片，因为不知道这些链接是否指向恶意网站。
要把图片嵌入到邮件正文中，我们只需按照发送附件的方式，先把邮件作为附件添加进去，然后，在HTML中通过引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作为图片嵌入了。如果有多个图片，给它们依次编号，然后引用不同的cid:x即可。
其实就是将MIMEText 格式改变一下
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>%s</h1>' % (msg) + '<p><img src="cid:0"></p>' + '</body></html>', 'html','utf-8'))
- 将附件图片包含在邮件内容中（完整代码如下：）
# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
def __init__(self):
self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com"
self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此处是qq邮箱授权码， 不是登录密码
self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"
# 构造邮件结构
# toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"]， subject 邮件的主题， msg 邮件的内容
def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
# 邮件对象:
mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
# 邮件正文是MIMEText ：
# 加载图片并引入到邮件内容中来
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>%s</h1>' % (msg) + '<p><img src="cid:0"></p>' + '</body></html>', 'html','utf-8'))
# 发送图片附件， 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象， 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
# 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase，从本地读取一个图片:
with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
# 设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:
mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
# 加上必要的头信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的内容读进来:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64编码:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)
return mailMsg.as_string()
# 发送邮件
def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
# 连接服务器发送邮件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 连接smtp服务器
server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登录邮箱
server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 发送邮件
server.quit()
except Exception:
print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")
- 效果图
发送纯文本附件
📝 代码如下：
# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
def __init__(self):
self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com"
self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此处是qq邮箱授权码， 不是登录密码
self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"
# 构造邮件结构
# toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"]， subject 邮件的主题， msg 邮件的内容
def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
# 邮件对象:
mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
# 邮件正文是MIMEText ：
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))
# 发送文件附件， 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象， 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
# 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase，从本地读取一个文件:
with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\aaa.txt", "rb") as f:
# 设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:
mime = MIMEBase("txta", "txt", filename="test.txt")
# 加上必要的头信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.txt')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的内容读进来:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64编码:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)
return mailMsg.as_string()
# 发送邮件
def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
# 连接服务器发送邮件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 连接smtp服务器
server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登录邮箱
server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 发送邮件
server.quit()
except Exception:
print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")
- 效果图
发送excel表格附件
📝 代码如下：
#! /usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time :2020/6/30 9:51
# @Auther :yanjie.li
# @Email :381347268@qq.com
# @File :sedMailExcel.py
import smtplib, time
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
class EmailSender(object):
def __init__(self):
self.sender_user = 'ryb.monitor@yottacloud.cn' #发件人邮箱地址
self.sender_password = 'xxxxxxxxxx' #发件人邮箱密码
self.smtp_server_addr = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com' #smtp服务器地址
self.smtp_server_port = 465 #smtp服务器端口
def main_email(self, text, xlsx_path, xlsx_name):
'''
邮件主题，包含邮件正文 + excel 附件
Args:
text：邮件正文内容
xlsx_path: excel文件路径
xlsx_name: excel文件，例如a.xlsx
Returns: 返回要发送的数据，正文和附件
'''
msg =MIMEMultipart()
#添加纯文本，邮件文本内容，字符串格式
text_msg = MIMEText(text, 'html', 'utf-8')
msg.attach(text_msg)
#将xlsx文件作为内容发送到对方的邮箱读取excel，rb形式读取，对于MIMEText()来说默认的编码形式是base64 对于二进制文件来说没有设置base64，会出现乱码
excel_msg = MIMEText(open(xlsx_path, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
#设置文件再附件当中的名字
excel_msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', xlsx_name))
#添加到邮件内容msg中
msg.attach(excel_msg)
return msg
def login_email(self):
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtp_server_addr, self.smtp_server_port) #连接smtp服务器
server.connect(self.smtp_server_addr) #连接smtp服务器
result = server.login(self.sender_user, self.sender_password) #登陆邮箱
print("登陆结果: ", result)
return server
def send_email(self, title, to_receiver, msg):
'''
发送邮件
Args:
title: 邮件的主题
to_receiver: 收件人邮箱地址，可以是列表
msg: main_email函数返回的邮件主体
Returns:
'''
server = self.login_email()
msg['Subject'] = title
msg['From'] = self.sender_user
msg['To'] = ','.join(to_receiver)
msg['Accept-Language']='zh-CN'
msg['Accept-Charset']='ISO-8859-1,utf-8'
server.sendmail(self.sender_user, to_receiver, msg.as_string()) #发送邮件
sed_mail = EmailSender()
text = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') + "数据统计，详情见附件"
msg = sed_mail.main_email(text, r'小程序日报V2.0（试行版）.xlsx', '小程序日报.xlsx')
sed_mail.send_email(title='数据统计', to_receiver=['yanjie.li@yottacloud.cn', '381347268@qq.com'], msg=msg)
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