CentOS 7.2 下 PXE+kickstart 自动安装系统
一、简单概述
1.1 Kickstart 概述
对于网络安装系统，在linux 下面最熟悉的应该就是 Kickstart 以及 cobbler。写这篇文章的目的在于我公司目前使用的就是 Kickstart,所有操作系统的版本为 Centos 6.4,和个人的习惯不同，个人崇尚前沿技术以及由于以前做Docker相关，所有操作系统也是Centos 7.2以上版本，对于网络安装系统选择，个人也推荐使用 cobbler。好了，废话就不多说了，如果大家有兴趣可以参考cobbler相关文档，接下来我们就准备相关实验环境。
1.2 满足Kickstart安装系统的需求
1) 网卡必须支持PXE引导；
2) 客户端需要有与Kickstart 通信的IP地址，这里一般都是通过DHCP自动分配IP地址来实现；
3) 提供引导所需的文件，内核文件，内核镜像文件等，此时一般通过tftp-server等实现；
4) kickstart文件，它主要实现自动化安装的过程，比如配置主机名、添加用户、安装系统后相关操作；
5) 提供安装源，一般就是NFS/ftp/httpd等；
总结：通过如上需求，我们就知道需要安装的相关服务,如DHCP/tftp-server/syslinux/kickstart/vsftpd等;
二、配置Kickstart
2.1 环境准备
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld [root@localhost ~]# getenforce Permissive
2.2 准备安装源
提示：我这里是能出公网，所以就不配置私有yum原，如果不能出公网，根据自己环境配置yum源即可，这里过程就略；
2.3 安装DHCP服务
[root@localhost ~]# yum install dhcp ntpdate syslinux -y && ntpdate time.windows.com
###备份原始配置文件
cp /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf.bak_$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M)
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
subnet 192.168.100.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.100.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.100.1;
option time-offset -18000; # Eastern Standard Time
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.100.60 192.168.100.100;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server 192.168.100.1;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
###在多网卡的情况下绑定网卡启动DHCP服务
[root@localhost pub]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service [Unit] Description=DHCPv4 Server Daemon Documentation=man:dhcpd(8) man:dhcpd.conf(5) Wants=network-online.target After=network-online.target After=time-sync.target [Service] Type=notify ExecStart=/usr/sbin/dhcpd -f -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf -user dhcpd -group dhcpd --no-pid eno33554984 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
###启动服务
systemctl start dhcpd.service systemctl enable dhcpd.service
2.4 安装ftp
yum install -y vsftpd
###挂载镜像
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt cp -rf /mnt/* /var/ftp/pub/
提示：如果是光盘镜像可以这样挂载，mount /opt/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso /var/ftp/pub -o loop,但是如果你的ks.cfg文件也放到/var/ftp/pub目录下，注意不要被覆盖掉；
###查看相关内容
ls /var/ftp/pub
###启动vsftp服务
systemctl start vsftpd systemctl enable vsftpd
2.5 tftp安装
yum install -y tftp-server tftp syslinux-tftpboot
cp /etc/xinetd.d/tftp /etc/xinetd.d/tftp.bak_$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M)
cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no #此处将yes该为no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
###配置tftp-server
cp -rf /usr/share/syslinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7 cp /mnt/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7 cp /mnt/images/pxeboot/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7 touch /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default chmod 755 /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default [root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default default menu.c32 prompt 1 timeout 10 menu title ########## PXE Boot Menu ########## label 1 menu label ^1) Install CentOS 7 x64 with Local Repo menudefault kernel centos7/vmlinuz append initrd=centos7/initrd.img text ks=ftp://192.168.100.1/pub/ks.cfg label 2 menu label ^2) Install CentOS 7 x64 with http://mirror.centos.org Repo kernel centos7/vmlinuz append initrd=centos7/initrd.img method=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/ devfs=nomount ip=dhcp label 3 menu label ^3) Install CentOS 7 x64 with Local Repo using VNC kernel centos7/vmlinuz append initrd=centos7/initrd.img method=ftp://192.168.100.1/pub devfs=nomount inst.vnc inst.vncpassword=password
2.6 配置Kickstart
[root@localhost ~]# cp ~/anaconda-ks.cfg /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg [root@localhost ~]# cat /var/ftp/pub/ks.cfg #version=DEVEL # System authorization information auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use network installation url --url="ftp://192.168.100.1/pub" # Use graphical install graphical # Run the Setup Agent on first boot firstboot --enable ignoredisk --only-use=sda # Keyboard layouts keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us' # System language lang en_US.UTF-8 # Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eno16777736 --onboot=yes --ipv6=auto network --hostname=localhost.localdomain # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $6$JqUyORpkn8xu8.i/$60aNcdZwMEjSkRgB3nqDrNw0sWJ7PYTUM/EKjvZWYgD8jkfiuEU8vjhI/BqVYcJvs6UiOpf5GtH3jwBAfhBSP0 # System timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc # System bootloader configuration bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda autopart --type=lvm # Partition clearing information clearpart --none --initlabel # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled %packages @^minimal @core kexec-tools %end %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto' %end
###检查是否存在错误
yum install pykickstart ksvalidator /var/ftp/pub/anaconda-ks.cfg
###启动相关服务
systemctl restart ftpd systemctl restart vsftpd systemctl restart dhcpd
相关链接：https://access.redhat.com/documentation/zh-CN/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Installation_Guide/sect-kickstart-syntax.html
相关链接：http://www.tecmint.com/install-pxe-network-boot-server-in-centos-7/
