Python函数
Python函数
- 系统提供内部函数
- 第三方提供的函数
- 自定义函数
系统库函数
字符函数库
>>> s = 'bling' >>> s.islower() True >>> s = 'Bling' >>> s.islower() False >>> help(str.islower) Help on method_descriptor: islower(...) S.islower() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. >>> s2 = 'Bling' >>> s2.islower() False >>> help(str) >>> help(str.replace) Help on method_descriptor: replace(...) S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced. >>> s4 = 'hhhnnjmjmjmjababababababababababab2222' >>> s4.replace('ab','AB') 'hhhnnjmjmjmjABABABABABABABABABABAB2222'
数学函数库
>>> import math >>> val = math.sin(3.14/6) >>> print(val) 0.499770102643 >>> math.pi 3.141592653589793 >>> val = math.sin(math.pi/6) >>> print(val) 0.5 >>> val = math.cos(math.pi/6) >>> print(val) 0.866025403784 >>> help(math) Help on built-in module math: >>> 3*3*3*3 81 >>> math.pow(3,4) 81.0 >>> 3**4 81 >>> 3*3*3*3*3*3*3 2187 >>> 3**7 2187 >>> math.pow(3,7) 2187.0 >>>
操作系统库
>>> import os >>> os.getcwd() 'C:\\Users\\bling\\Desktop' >>> help(os.getcwd) Help on built-in function getcwd in module nt: >>> currentdir = os.getcwd() >>> print currentdir C:\Users\bling\Desktop >>> help(listdir) >>> help(os.listdir) Help on built-in function listdir in module nt: listdir(...) listdir(path) -> list_of_strings Return a list containing the names of the entries in the directory. path: path of directory to list The list is in arbitrary order. It does not include the special entries '.' and '..' even if they are present in the directory. >>> ldirs = os.listdir(currentdir) >>> print ldirs ['00\xc9\xe8\xb1\xb8\xc0\xe0\xb1\xf0.xls', '1.png', '360\xd2\xbb\xbc\xfcRoot.lnk', '360\xd4\xc6\xc5\xcc.lnk', '360\xb0\xb2\xc8\xab\xce\xc0\xca\xbf.lnk', '360\xca\xd6\xbb\xfa\xd6\xfa\xca\xd6.lnk', '360\xc8\xed\xbc\xfe\xb9\xdc\xbc\xd2.lnk', '3DCIMP.unity3d', 'CheckExcel', 'desktop.ini', 'eclipse - \xbf\xec\xbd\xdd\xb7\xbd\xca\xbd.lnk', 'eclipse.lnk', 'EditPlus 3.lnk', 'Edraw.exe - \xbf\xec\xbd\xdd\xb7\xbd\xca\xbd.lnk', 'EVM-DEMO', 'EVM\xc6\xf3\xd2\xb5\xbf\xc9\xca\xd3\xbb\xaf\xb9\xdc\xc0\xed\xc6\xbd\xcc\xa8\xd3\xc3\xbb\xa7\xca\xd6\xb2\xe1 v1.1.doc', 'Foxmail - \xbf\xec\xbd\xdd\xb7\xbd\xca\xbd.lnk', 'FSCapture.lnk', 'goagent.exe - \xbf\xec\xbd\xdd\xb7\xbd\xca\xbd.lnk', 'Google Chrome.lnk', 'install.sql', 'JsonView.exe.lnk', 'myeclipse - \xbf\xec\xbd\xdd\xb7\xbd\xca\xbd.lnk', 'Navicat for MySQL.lnk', 'plsqldev - \xbf\xec\xbd\xdd\xb7\xbd\xca\xbd.lnk', 'ppturl.pptx', 'PUTTY.EXE - \xbf\xec\xbd\xdd\xb7\xbd\xca\xbd.lnk', 'startup.bat.lnk', 'STS.exe.lnk', 'ttt', 'UltraISO - \xbf\xec\xbd\xdd\xb7\xbd\xca\xbd.lnk', 'WinSCP - \xbf\xec\xbd\xdd\xb7\xbd\xca\xbd.lnk', '[\xc3\xc0\xba\xd3\xd1\xa7\xcf\xb0\xd4\xda\xcf\xdfeimhe.com]linux\xd4\xcb\xce\xac\xd6\xd0\xbc\xb6\xc3\xe6\xca\xd4\xcc\xe2.pdf', '\xc4\xda\xb2\xbf\xb5\xda\xd2\xbb\xb4\xce\xd1\xdd\xca\xbe\xd7\xdc\xbd\xe1.docx', '\xd0\xc2\xbd\xa8\xce\xc4\xbc\xfe\xbc\xd0', '\xd0\xc2\xbd\xa8\xce\xc4\xbc\xfe\xbc\xd0 (2)', '\xbb\xfa\xb9\xf1\xd6\xd0\xc9\xe8\xb1\xb8\xba\xcb\xb6\xd4.txt', '\xc4\xa3\xd0\xcd\xc1\xac\xbd\xd3.txt', '\xb0\xd9\xb6\xc8\xd4\xc6\xb9\xdc\xbc\xd2.lnk', '\xc9\xe8\xb1\xb8\xca\xd9\xc3\xfc\xd4\xa4\xb2\xe2-\xbd\xd8\xcd\xbc.docx', '\xc8\xfc\xb6\xfb-\xc1\xd9\xca\xb1\xc4\xbf\xc2\xbc', '\xc8\xfc\xb6\xfb-\xd0\xde\xb8\xc4\xba\xf3\xca\xfd\xbe\xdd', '\xc8\xfc\xb6\xfb-\xb3\xf5\xca\xbc\xca\xfd\xbe\xdd', '\xc8\xfc\xb6\xfb\xd7\xee\xd6\xd5', '\xc8\xfc\xb6\xfb\xcf\xee\xc4\xbf\xbb\xe3\xb1\xa8PPT\xb4\xf3\xb8\xd9.docx', '\xb4\xed\xce\xf3\xc9\xe8\xb1\xb8\xc1\xac\xcf\xdf.txt'] >>>
网络编程库
>>> import socket >>> baiduip = socket.gethostbyname('www.baidu.com') >>> print baiduip 61.135.169.105 >>> help(socket.gethostbyname) Help on built-in function gethostbyname in module _socket: gethostbyname(...) gethostbyname(host) -> address Return the IP address (a string of the form '255.255.255.255') for a host. >>> help(socket)
第三方提供的函数httplib2
linux安装第三方函数库
easy_install httplib2
windows安装第三方库
1 下载模块
到 “https://code.google.com/p/httplib2/” 下载一款适合你的压缩包“httplib2-0.4.0.zip”
2 解压下载的压缩包“httplib2-0.4.0.zip”到某目录下
3配置python在dos下的运行环境
（之前需要配置系统环境变量，在系统环境变量Path后添加python安装目录，例如c:\python2.7）
4 dos下安装httpLib2模块
进入httplib2-0.4.0.zip的解压目录，运行python settup.py install 进行安装
使用第三方库
##简单的网络爬虫，下载163主页，并用默认浏览器的tab页打开 import urllib import webbrowser as web url = 'http://www.163.com' content = urllib.urlopen(url).read() open('D:/work_space/pythonWork/python_example/163.com.html','w').write(content) web.open_new_tab('D:/work_space/pythonWork/python_example/163.com.html') web.open_new_tab('http://www.baidu.com')
