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接口代理方式实现Dao

代理开发方式介绍

采用 Mybatis 的代理开发方式实现 DAO 层的开发,这种方式是我们后面进入企业的主流。

Mapper 接口开发方法只需要程序员编写Mapper 接口(相当于Dao 接口),由Mybatis 框架根据接口定义创建接口的动态代理对象,代理对象的方法体同上边Dao接口实现类方法。

Mapper 接口开发需要遵循以下规范:

1) Mapper.xml文件中的namespace与mapper接口的全限定名相同

2) Mapper接口方法名和Mapper.xml中定义的每个statement的id相同

3) Mapper接口方法的输入参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的parameterType的类型相同

4) Mapper接口方法的输出参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的resultType的类型相同

总结:

接口开发的方式: 程序员只需定义接口,就可以对数据库进行操作,那么具体的对象怎么创建?

1.程序员负责定义接口

2.在操作数据库,mybatis框架根据接口,通过动态代理的方式生成代理对象,负责数据库的crud操作

编写StudentMapper接口

 

开发步骤:

1)配置文件的导入:

log4j.properties:

# Global logging configuration
# ERROR WARN INFO DEBUG
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout
# Console output...
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n

jdbc.properties:

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username=root
password=123

mybatis核心配置文件:

MyBatisConfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--MyBatis的DTD约束-->
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<!--configuration 核心根标签-->
<configuration>

    <!--引入数据库连接的配置文件-->
    <properties resource="jdbc.properties"/>

    <!--配置LOG4J-->
    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="log4j"/>
    </settings>

    <!--起别名-->
    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias type="com.itheima.bean.Student" alias="student"/>
        <!--<package name="com.itheima.bean"/>-->
    </typeAliases>

    <!--集成分页助手插件-->
    <plugins>
        <plugin interceptor="com.github.pagehelper.PageInterceptor"></plugin>
    </plugins>

    <!--environments配置数据库环境,环境可以有多个。default属性指定使用的是哪个-->
    <environments default="mysql">
        <!--environment配置数据库环境  id属性唯一标识-->
        <environment id="mysql">
            <!-- transactionManager事务管理。  type属性,采用JDBC默认的事务-->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
            <!-- dataSource数据源信息   type属性 连接池-->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <!-- property获取数据库连接的配置信息 -->
                <property name="driver" value="${driver}" />
                <property name="url" value="${url}" />
                <property name="username" value="${username}" />
                <property name="password" value="${password}" />
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

    <!-- mappers引入映射配置文件 -->
    <mappers>
        <!-- mapper 引入指定的映射配置文件   resource属性指定映射配置文件的名称 -->
        <mapper resource="StudentMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>
View Code

StudentMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--MyBatis的DTD约束-->
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<!--
    mapper:核心根标签
    namespace属性:名称空间
-->
<mapper namespace="com.itheima.mapper.StudentMapper">

    <sql id="select" >SELECT * FROM student</sql>

    <!--
        select:查询功能的标签
        id属性:唯一标识
        resultType属性:指定结果映射对象类型
        parameterType属性:指定参数映射对象类型
    -->
    <select id="selectAll" resultType="student">
        <include refid="select"/>
    </select>

    <select id="selectById" resultType="student" parameterType="int">
        <include refid="select"/> WHERE id = #{id}
    </select>

    <insert id="insert" parameterType="student">
        INSERT INTO student VALUES (#{id},#{name},#{age})
    </insert>

    <update id="update" parameterType="student">
        UPDATE student SET name = #{name},age = #{age} WHERE id = #{id}
    </update>

    <delete id="delete" parameterType="int">
        DELETE FROM student WHERE id = #{id}
    </delete>

    <select id="selectCondition" resultType="student" parameterType="student">
        <include refid="select"/>
        <where>
            <if test="id != null">
                id = #{id}
            </if>
            <if test="name != null">
                AND name = #{name}
            </if>
            <if test="age != null">
                AND age = #{age}
            </if>
        </where>
    </select>

    <select id="selectByIds" resultType="student" parameterType="list">
        <include refid="select"/>
        <where>
            <foreach collection="list" open="id IN (" close=")" item="id" separator=",">
                #{id}
            </foreach>
        </where>
    </select>
</mapper>
View Code

2)持久层(只需要编写接口):

package com.itheima.mapper;

import com.itheima.bean.Student;

import java.util.List;

/*
    持久层接口
 */
public interface StudentMapper {
    //查询全部
    public abstract List<Student> selectAll();

    //根据id查询
    public abstract Student selectById(Integer id);

    //新增数据
    public abstract Integer insert(Student stu);

    //修改数据
    public abstract Integer update(Student stu);

    //删除数据
    public abstract Integer delete(Integer id);

    //多条件查询
    public abstract List<Student> selectCondition(Student stu);

    //根据多个id查询
    public abstract List<Student> selectByIds(List<Integer> ids);
}

3)业务层(service层):

接口(StudentService):

package com.itheima.service;

import com.itheima.bean.Student;

import java.util.List;

/*
    业务层接口
 */
public interface StudentService {
    //查询全部
    public abstract List<Student> selectAll();

    //根据id查询
    public abstract Student selectById(Integer id);

    //新增数据
    public abstract Integer insert(Student stu);

    //修改数据
    public abstract Integer update(Student stu);

    //删除数据
    public abstract Integer delete(Integer id);
}

实现类(StudentServiceImpl):

package com.itheima.service.impl;

import com.itheima.bean.Student;
import com.itheima.mapper.StudentMapper;
import com.itheima.service.StudentService;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
/*
    业务层实现类
 */
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

    @Override
    public List<Student> selectAll() {
        List<Student> list = null;
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        try{
            //1.加载核心配置文件
            is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml");

            //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);

            //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);

            //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象
            StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); // StudentMapper mapper = new StudentMapperImpl();

            //5.通过实现类对象调用方法,接收结果
            list = mapper.selectAll();

        } catch (Exception e) {

        } finally {
            //6.释放资源
            if(sqlSession != null) {
                sqlSession.close();
            }
            if(is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        //7.返回结果
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public Student selectById(Integer id) {
        Student stu = null;
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        try{
            //1.加载核心配置文件
            is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml");

            //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);

            //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);

            //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象
            StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); // StudentMapper mapper = new StudentMapperImpl();

            //5.通过实现类对象调用方法,接收结果
            stu = mapper.selectById(id);

        } catch (Exception e) {

        } finally {
            //6.释放资源
            if(sqlSession != null) {
                sqlSession.close();
            }
            if(is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        //7.返回结果
        return stu;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer insert(Student stu) {
        Integer result = null;
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        try{
            //1.加载核心配置文件
            is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml");

            //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);

            //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);

            //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象
            StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); // StudentMapper mapper = new StudentMapperImpl();

            //5.通过实现类对象调用方法,接收结果
            result = mapper.insert(stu);

        } catch (Exception e) {

        } finally {
            //6.释放资源
            if(sqlSession != null) {
                sqlSession.close();
            }
            if(is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        //7.返回结果
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer update(Student stu) {
        Integer result = null;
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        try{
            //1.加载核心配置文件
            is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml");

            //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);

            //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);

            //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象
            StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); // StudentMapper mapper = new StudentMapperImpl();

            //5.通过实现类对象调用方法,接收结果
            result = mapper.update(stu);

        } catch (Exception e) {

        } finally {
            //6.释放资源
            if(sqlSession != null) {
                sqlSession.close();
            }
            if(is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        //7.返回结果
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer delete(Integer id) {
        Integer result = null;
        SqlSession sqlSession = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        try{
            //1.加载核心配置文件
            is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml");

            //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);

            //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);

            //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象
            StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class); // StudentMapper mapper = new StudentMapperImpl();

            //5.通过实现类对象调用方法,接收结果
            result = mapper.delete(id);

        } catch (Exception e) {

        } finally {
            //6.释放资源
            if(sqlSession != null) {
                sqlSession.close();
            }
            if(is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        //7.返回结果
        return result;
    }
}
View Code

4)表现层:

表现层测试:

package com.itheima.dynamic;

import com.itheima.bean.Student;
import com.itheima.mapper.StudentMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Test01 {
    @Test
    public void selectByIds() throws Exception{
        //1.加载核心配置文件
        InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml");

        //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);

        //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);

        //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象
        StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);

        List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>();
        ids.add(1);
        ids.add(2);
        ids.add(3);

        //5.调用实现类的方法,接收结果
        List<Student> list = mapper.selectByIds(ids);

        //6.处理结果
        for (Student student : list) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }

        //7.释放资源
        sqlSession.close();
        is.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void selectCondition() throws Exception{
        //1.加载核心配置文件
        InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml");

        //2.获取SqlSession工厂对象
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);

        //3.通过工厂对象获取SqlSession对象
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);

        //4.获取StudentMapper接口的实现类对象
        StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);

        Student stu = new Student();
        stu.setId(2);
        stu.setName("李四");
        //stu.setAge(24);

        //5.调用实现类的方法,接收结果
        List<Student> list = mapper.selectCondition(stu);

        //6.处理结果
        for (Student student : list) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }

        //7.释放资源
        sqlSession.close();
        is.close();
    }
}

源码分析

  • 分析动态代理对象如何生成的?

    通过动态代理开发模式,我们只编写一个接口,不写实现类,我们通过 getMapper() 方法最终获取到 org.apache.ibatis.binding.MapperProxy 代理对象,然后执行功能,而这个代理对象正是 MyBatis 使用了 JDK 的动态代理技术,帮助我们生成了代理实现类对象。从而可以进行相关持久化操作。

  • 分析方法是如何执行的?

    动态代理实现类对象在执行方法的时候最终调用了 mapperMethod.execute() 方法,这个方法中通过 switch 语句根据操作类型来判断是新增、修改、删除、查询操作,最后一步回到了 MyBatis 最原生的 SqlSession 方式来执行增删改查。

知识小结

接口代理方式可以让我们只编写接口即可,而实现类对象由 MyBatis 生成。

实现规则 :

  1. 映射配置文件中的名称空间必须和 Dao 层接口的全类名相同。

  2. 映射配置文件中的增删改查标签的 id 属性必须和 Dao 层接口的方法名相同。

  3. 映射配置文件中的增删改查标签的 parameterType 属性必须和 Dao 层接口方法的参数相同。

  4. 映射配置文件中的增删改查标签的 resultType 属性必须和 Dao 层接口方法的返回值相同。 

  5. 获取动态代理对象 SqlSession 功能类中的 getMapper() 方法。

posted @ 2021-07-15 15:39  1640808365  阅读(484)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报