day73---Django的MTV

1. 路由

http://www.cnblogs.com/yange/articles/8313296.html

• 普通的URL映射

    from django.conf.urls import url
    from . import views
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^index/$', views.index),
    ]
    #
    def index(request):
    pass

• 正则表达式

    from django.conf.urls import url
    from . import views
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^index/(\d+)/$', views.index),
    ]
    #
    def index(request, id):
        pass

• 分组命名

  • name的普通模式

  from django.conf.urls import url
  from . import views
  urlpatterns = [
      url(r'^index/1/2/3/4/5/6/$', views.index, name=n1),
  ]
  # 
  from django.urls import reverse
  def index(request):
      print(reverse(n1))
  >>>
  /index/1/2/3/4/5/6/
  

  • name的按位置传参模式

  from django.conf.urls import url
  from . import views
  urlpatterns = [
      url(r'^index/1/2/3/4/5/6/(\d+)/$', views.index, name=n2),
  ]
  # 
  from django.urls import reverse
  def index(request, n2):
      print(reverse(n2), args=(10,))
      print(reverse(n2), args=(20,))
  >>>
  /index/1/2/3/4/5/6/10/
  /index/1/2/3/4/5/6/20/
  

  • name的按关键字传参模式

  from django.conf.urls import url
  from . import views
  urlpatterns = [
      url(r'^index/1/2/3/4/5/6/(?P<id>\d+)/$', views.index, name=n3),
  ]
  # 
  from django.urls import reverse
  def index(request, n3):
      print(reverse(n3), kwargs={'id':100})
      print(reverse(n3), kwargs={'id':200})
  >>>
  /index/1/2/3/4/5/6/100/
  /index/1/2/3/4/5/6/200/
  

• 路由分发

    from django.conf.urls import url, include
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'index/$', include('index.urls'))
        url(r'home/$', include('home.urls'))
    ]

• 命名空间

    from django.conf.urls import url, include
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'index/$', include('index.urls', namespace='index')),
        url(r'home/$', include('home.urls', namespace='home')),
    ]

2. 视图

http://www.cnblogs.com/yange/articles/8313301.html#_label0

• 请求相关(request)

  • POST

  • GET

  • Meta

  • mothed

  • body

  • cookie

  • session

  • ...

• 业务逻辑

  • 功能代码

  • 模型调用

  • 参数调用

  • ...

• 响应相关(response)

  • render

  • HttpResponse

  • redirect (只有相应头，没有响应体)

  • JsonResponse

  • ...

3. 模版

http://www.cnblogs.com/yange/articles/8313301.html#_label1

• 注释

    {# 注释信息 #}

• 变量 (索引下标/键值对/属性值/...)

    {{ 变量名 }}

• 过滤器 (default/length/filesizeformat/date/slice/safe/...)

    {{ var|filter_name:param }}

• 标签 (if/for/with/csrf_token/...)

    {% tag %}
        ...
    {% endtag%}

• 母板 (继承/块/组件/静态文件/...)

    {% extends 'base.html' %}

    {% block block_name %}
        ...
    {% endblock %}

    {% include 'public.html' %}

    {% load STATIC_NAME %}
    <img src="{% STATIC_NAME"images/img.jpg"%}" alt=""/>
    #
    {% load STATIC_JS %}
    {% STATIC_JS "js/myjs.js" as MYJS %}
    <script src="{{ MYJS }}"></script>
    #
    #
    {% load STATIC_NAME %}
    <img src="{% get_static_prefix"images/img.jpg"%}" alt=""/>
    #
    {% load STATIC_NAME %}
    {% load get_static_prefix as STATIC_PRE %}
    <img src="{{ STATIC_PRE }}images/img1.jpg" alt=""/>
    <img src="{{ STATIC_PRE }}images/img2.jpg" alt=""/>

• 自定义过滤器

  • 在已注册的app中创建一个名字叫templatetags文件夹

  • 任意创建一个py文件

  • 导入Library

  • 实例化register

  • 定义函数(加装饰器@register.filter或@register.simple_tag)

  • 使用

    from django.template import Library
    register = Library()
    @register.filter
    def aaa(a1,a2):
        a3,a4 = a2.split(',')
        data = "我是%s,我有%s和%s" %(a1, a3, a4)
        return data
    @register.simple_tag
    def bbb(a1,a2,a3,a4):
        result = a1+a2+a3+a4
        return result
    @register.filter
    def ccc(a1):
        if 'yy' in a1:
            return True
        return False

4. cookie和session

http://www.cnblogs.com/yange/articles/8359446.html

5. 中间件

• 概念：Django的中间件是一个类

  • 继承MiddlewareMixin基类

  • 请求方法：process_request

    • 如果请求有返回值，则执行自己的response和以上的response

    • 如果没有返回值，则继续往下运行

  • 相应方法：process_response，必须设置返回值

• 定义：针对所有请求做统一操作时，使用中间件来管理，如果对少量的视图做操作时，可以使用装饰器

• 应用案例：

  • 记录请求访问的日志

  • 登录验证操作

  • 权限验证

• 使用中间件实现登录验证功能

  • 创建对应的py文件

      创建文件：app01/middleware/auth.py
  

  • 配置setting.py文件(最后一行新增)

      MIDDLEWARE = [
          'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
          'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
          'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
          'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
          'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
          'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
          'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
          'app01.middleware.auth.AuthMiddleware',
      ]
  

  • 配置路由

      from django.conf.urls import url
      from app01 import views
      urlpatterns = [
          url(r'^login/$', views.login),
          url(r'^index/$', views.index),
          url(r'^home/$', views.home),
      ]
  

  • 配置视图

      from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect
      def login(request):
          if request.method == 'POST':
              user = request.POST.get('user')
              pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
              if user == 'aaa' and pwd == '123':
                  request.session['user_info'] = {'id': 1, 'url': 'home'}
                  return redirect('/home/')
          return render(request, 'login.html')
      def index(request):
          return HttpResponse('首页')
      def home(request):
          return HttpResponse('个人页面')
  

  • 配置模版

      <!DOCTYPE html>
      <html lang="en">
      <head>
          <meta charset="UTF-8">
          <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
          <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
          <title>登录页面</title>
      </head>
      <body>
      <form action="" method="post">
          {% csrf_token %}
          <p>
              <label for="">
                  用户名：
                  <input type="text" name="user">
              </label>
          </p>
          <p>
              <label for="">
                  密码：
                  <input type="password" name="pwd">
              </label>
          </p>
          <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
      </form>
      </body>
      </html>
  

  • 配置中间件

      from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
      from django.shortcuts import redirect
      class AuthMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
          def process_request(self, request):
              # 访问登录页面和首页时不需要做验证，直接return None继续往下执行
              if request.path_info == '/login/' or request.path_info == '/index/':
                  return None
              # 获取session，登录成功之后才能跳转到个人页面，否则继续留在登录页面
              user_info = request.session.get('user_info')
              if not user_info:
                  return redirect('/login/')
          def process_response(self, request, response):
              return response