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C#客户端Redis服务器的分布式缓存

在这篇文章中,我想介绍我知道的一种最紧凑的安装和配置Redis服务器的方式。另外,我想简短地概述一下在.NET / C#客户端下Redis hash(哈希类型)和list(链表)的使用。

在这篇文章主要讲到:

  • 安装Redis服务器

  • Redis服务器保护(配置身份验证)

  • 配置服务器复制

  • 从C#应用程序访问缓存

  • 使用Redis ASP.NET会话状态

  • Redis 集合(Set)、列表(List)和事务处理用法示例

  • 说明附加的源(Redis Funq LoC MVC项目:举例)

  • 缓存的优化思路

背景

Redis是最快也是功能最丰富的内存Key-Value数据存储系统之一。

缺点

  • 没有本地数据缓存(如在Azure缓存同步本地数据缓存)

  • 没有完全集群化的支持(不过,可能今年年底会实现)

优点

  • 易于配置

  • 使用简单

  • 高性能

  • 支持不同的数据类型(如hash(哈希类型)、list(链表)、set(集合)、sorted set(有序集))

  • ASP.NET会话集成

  • Web UI用于浏览缓存内容

下面我将简单说明如何在服务器上安装和配置Redis,并用C#使用它。

Redis的安装

https://github.com/dmajkic/redis/downloads(win32 win64直接链接)下载二进制文件,解包档案到应用程序目录(如C:\Program Files\Redis)

下载从https://github.com/kcherenkov/redis-windows-service/downloads编译的Redis服务,然后复制到程序文件夹(如C:\Program Files\Redis)。如果配置文件丢失,也可以下载复制到应用程序目录。有效的Redis配置文件的范例在https://raw.github.com/antirez/redis/2.6/redis.conf

Redis应用程序的完整文件也可以从压缩文件(x64)得到。

当你拥有了全套的应用程序文件(如下图所示),

导航到应用程序目录,然后运行以下命令:

sc create %name% binpath= "\"%binpath%\" %configpath%" start= "auto" DisplayName= "Redis"

其中:

  • %name%——服务实例的名称,例如:redis-instance;

  • %binpath%——到项目exe文件的路径,例如:C:\Program Files\Redis\RedisService_1.1.exe;

  • %configpath%——到Redis配置文件的路径,例如:C:\Program Files\Redis\redis.conf;

举例:

sc create Redis start= auto DisplayName= Redis binpath= "\"C:\Program Files\Redis\RedisService_1.1.exe\
" \"C:\Program Files\Redis\redis.conf\""

即应该是这样的:

请确保有足够的权限启动该服务。安装完毕后,请检查该服务是否创建成功,当前是否正在运行:

或者,你可以使用安装程序(我没试过):https://github.com/rgl/redis/downloads

Redis服务器保护:密码,IP过滤

保护Redis服务器的主要方式是使用Windows防火墙或活跃的网络连接属性设置IP过滤。此外,还可以使用Redis密码设置额外保护。这需要用下面的方式更新Redis配置文件(redis.conf):

首先,找到这行:

# requirepass foobared

删除开头的#符号,用新密码替换foobared:

requirepass foobared

然后,重新启动Redis Windows服务!

当具体使用客户端的时候,使用带密码的构造函数:

RedisClient client = new RedisClient(serverHost, port, redisPassword);

Redis服务器复制(主—从配置)

Redis支持主从同步,即,每次主服务器修改,从服务器得到通知,并自动同步。大多复制用于读取(但不能写)扩展和数据冗余和服务器故障转移。设 置两个Redis实例(在相同或不同服务器上的两个服务),然后配置其中之一作为从站。为了让Redis服务器实例是另一台服务器的从属,可以这样更改配 置文件:

找到以下代码:

# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

替换为:

slaveof 192.168.1.1 6379

(可以自定义指定主服务器的真实IP和端口)。如果主服务器配置为需要密码(验证),可以如下所示改变redis.conf,找到这一行代码:

# masterauth <master-password>

删除开头的#符号,用主服务器的密码替换<master-password>,即:

masterauth mastpassword

现在这个Redis实例可以被用来作为主服务器的只读同步副本。

用C#代码使用Redis缓存

用C#代码使用Redis运行Manage NuGet包插件,找到ServiceStack.Redis包,并进行安装。

类型化实体集更有意思和更实用,这是因为它们操作的是确切类型的对象。在下面的代码示例中,有两个类分别定义为Phone和Person——phone的主人。每个phone实例引用它的主人。下面的代码演示我们如何通过标准添加、删除和发现缓存项:

    public class Phone 
    { 
       public int Id { get; set; } 
       public string Model { get; set; } 
       public string Manufacturer { get; set; } 
       public Person Owner { get; set; } 
    } 
     
    public class Person 
    { 
        public int Id { get; set; } 
        public string Name { get; set; } 
        public string Surname { get; set; } 
        public int Age { get; set; } 
        public string Profession { get; set; } 
    } 
     
    using (RedisClient redisClient = new RedisClient(host)) 
    { 
         IRedisTypedClient<phone> phones = redisClient.As<phone>(); 
         Phone phoneFive = phones.GetValue("5"); 
         if (phoneFive == null) 
         { 
              // make a small delay 
              Thread.Sleep(5000); 
              // creating a new Phone entry 
              phoneFive = new Phone 
              { 
                   Id = 5, 
                   Manufacturer = "Motorolla", 
                   Model = "xxxxx", 
                   Owner = new Person 
                   { 
                        Id = 1, 
                        Age = 90, 
                        Name = "OldOne", 
                        Profession = "sportsmen", 
                        Surname = "OldManSurname" 
                   } 
              }; 
              // adding Entry to the typed entity set 
              phones.SetEntry(phoneFive.Id.ToString(), phoneFive); 
         } 
         message = "Phone model is " + phoneFive.Manufacturer; 
         message += "Phone Owner Name is: " + phoneFive.Owner.Name; 
    } 

在上面的例子中,我们实例化了输入端IRedisTypedClient,它与缓存对象的特定类型——Phone类型一起工作。

Redis ASP.NET会话状态

要用Redis提供商配置ASP.NET会话状态,添加新文件到你的Web项目,命名为RedisSessionStateProvider.cs,可以从https://github.com/chadman/redis-service-provider/raw/master/RedisProvider/SessionProvider/RedisSessionProvider.cs 复制代码,然后添加或更改配置文件中的以下部分(sessionState标签已经内置于system.web标签),或者你也可以下载附加来源和复制代码。

    <sessionstate timeout="1" mode="Custom" 
    customprovider="RedisSessionStateProvider" cookieless="false"> 
          <providers> 
            <add name="RedisSessionStateProvider" writeexceptionstoeventlog="false" 
            type="RedisProvider.SessionProvider.CustomServiceProvider" 
            server="localhost" port="6379" password="pasword"> 
          </add> </providers> 
    </sessionstate> 

注意,此密码是可以选择的,看服务器是否需要认证。它必须被真实的值替换或删除,如果Redis服务器不需要身份验证,那么服务器属性和端口得由具体的数值代替(默认端口为6379)。然后在项目中,你才可以使用会话状态:

    // in the Global.asax 
    public class MvcApplication1 : System.Web.HttpApplication 
    { 
        protected void Application_Start() 
        { 
            //.... 
        } 
     
        protected void Session_Start() 
        { 
            Session["testRedisSession"] = "Message from the redis ression"; 
        } 
    } 
     
    在Home controller(主控制器): 
     
    public class HomeController : Controller 
    { 
        public ActionResult Index() 
        { 
           //... 
           ViewBag.Message = Session["testRedisSession"]; 
           return View(); 
        } 
    //... 
    } 

 

ASP.NET输出缓存提供者,并且Redis可以用类似的方式进行配置。

Redis Set(集合)和List(列表)

主要要注意的是,Redis列表实现IList<T>,而Redis集合实现ICollection<T>。下面来说说如何使用它们。

当需要区分相同类型的不同分类对象时,使用列表。例如,我们有“mostSelling(热销手机)”和“oldCollection(回收手机)”两个列表:

    string host = "localhost"; 
    using (var redisClient = new RedisClient(host)) 
    { 
        //Create a 'strongly-typed' API that makes all Redis Value operations to apply against Phones 
        IRedisTypedClient<phone> redis = redisClient.As<phone>(); 
     
        IRedisList<phone> mostSelling = redis.Lists["urn:phones:mostselling"]; 
        IRedisList<phone> oldCollection = redis.Lists["urn:phones:oldcollection"]; 
     
        Person phonesOwner = new Person 
            { 
                Id = 7, 
                Age = 90, 
                Name = "OldOne", 
                Profession = "sportsmen", 
                Surname = "OldManSurname" 
            }; 
     
        // adding new items to the list 
        mostSelling.Add(new Phone 
                { 
                    Id = 5, 
                    Manufacturer = "Sony", 
                    Model = "768564564566", 
                    Owner = phonesOwner 
                }); 
     
        oldCollection.Add(new Phone 
                { 
                    Id = 8, 
                    Manufacturer = "Motorolla", 
                    Model = "324557546754", 
                    Owner = phonesOwner 
                }); 
     
        var upgradedPhone  = new Phone 
        { 
            Id = 3, 
            Manufacturer = "LG", 
            Model = "634563456", 
            Owner = phonesOwner 
        }; 
     
        mostSelling.Add(upgradedPhone); 
     
        // remove item from the list 
        oldCollection.Remove(upgradedPhone); 
     
        // find objects in the cache 
        IEnumerable<phone> LGPhones = mostSelling.Where(ph => ph.Manufacturer == "LG"); 
     
        // find specific 
        Phone singleElement = mostSelling.FirstOrDefault(ph => ph.Id == 8); 
     
        //reset sequence and delete all lists 
        redis.SetSequence(0); 
        redisClient.Remove("urn:phones:mostselling"); 
        redisClient.Remove("urn:phones:oldcollection"); 
    } 

当需要存储相关的数据集和收集统计信息,例如answer -> queustion给答案或问题投票时,Redis集合就非常好使。假设我们有很多的问题(queustion)和答案(answer ),需要将它们存储在缓存中。使用Redis,我们可以这么做:

  1     /// <summary> 
  2     /// Gets or sets the Redis Manager. The built-in IoC used with ServiceStack autowires this property. 
  3     /// </summary> 
  4     IRedisClientsManager RedisManager { get; set; } 
  5     /// <summary> 
  6     /// Delete question by performing compensating actions to 
  7     /// StoreQuestion() to keep the datastore in a consistent state 
  8     /// </summary> 
  9     /// <param name="questionId"> 
 10     public void DeleteQuestion(long questionId) 
 11     { 
 12         using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient()) 
 13         { 
 14             var redisQuestions = redis.As<question>(); 
 15      
 16             var question = redisQuestions.GetById(questionId); 
 17             if (question == null) return; 
 18      
 19             //decrement score in tags list 
 20             question.Tags.ForEach(tag => redis.IncrementItemInSortedSet("urn:tags", tag, -1)); 
 21      
 22             //remove all related answers 
 23             redisQuestions.DeleteRelatedEntities<answer>(questionId); 
 24      
 25             //remove this question from user index 
 26             redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>q:" + question.UserId, questionId.ToString()); 
 27      
 28             //remove tag => questions index for each tag 
 29             question.Tags.ForEach("urn:tags>q:" + tag.ToLower(), questionId.ToString())); 
 30      
 31             redisQuestions.DeleteById(questionId); 
 32         } 
 33     } 
 34      
 35     public void StoreQuestion(Question question) 
 36     { 
 37         using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient()) 
 38         { 
 39             var redisQuestions = redis.As<question>(); 
 40      
 41             if (question.Tags == null) question.Tags = new List<string>(); 
 42             if (question.Id == default(long)) 
 43             { 
 44                 question.Id = redisQuestions.GetNextSequence(); 
 45                 question.CreatedDate = DateTime.UtcNow; 
 46      
 47                 //Increment the popularity for each new question tag 
 48                 question.Tags.ForEach(tag => redis.IncrementItemInSortedSet("urn:tags", tag, 1)); 
 49             } 
 50      
 51             redisQuestions.Store(question); 
 52             redisQuestions.AddToRecentsList(question); 
 53             redis.AddItemToSet("urn:user>q:" + question.UserId, question.Id.ToString()); 
 54      
 55             //Usage of tags - Populate tag => questions index for each tag 
 56             question.Tags.ForEach(tag => redis.AddItemToSet 
 57             ("urn:tags>q:" + tag.ToLower(), question.Id.ToString())); 
 58         } 
 59     } 
 60      
 61     /// <summary> 
 62     /// Delete Answer by performing compensating actions to 
 63     /// StoreAnswer() to keep the datastore in a consistent state 
 64     /// </summary> 
 65     /// <param name="questionId"> 
 66     /// <param name="answerId"> 
 67     public void DeleteAnswer(long questionId, long answerId) 
 68     { 
 69         using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient()) 
 70         { 
 71             var answer = redis.As<question>().GetRelatedEntities<answer> 
 72             (questionId).FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == answerId); 
 73             if (answer == null) return; 
 74      
 75             redis.As<question>().DeleteRelatedEntity<answer>(questionId, answerId); 
 76      
 77             //remove user => answer index 
 78             redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>a:" + answer.UserId, answerId.ToString()); 
 79         } 
 80     } 
 81      
 82     public void StoreAnswer(Answer answer) 
 83     { 
 84         using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient()) 
 85         { 
 86             if (answer.Id == default(long)) 
 87             { 
 88                 answer.Id = redis.As<answer>().GetNextSequence(); 
 89                 answer.CreatedDate = DateTime.UtcNow; 
 90             } 
 91      
 92             //Store as a 'Related Answer' to the parent Question 
 93             redis.As<question>().StoreRelatedEntities(answer.QuestionId, answer); 
 94             //Populate user => answer index 
 95             redis.AddItemToSet("urn:user>a:" + answer.UserId, answer.Id.ToString()); 
 96         } 
 97     } 
 98      
 99     public List<answer> GetAnswersForQuestion(long questionId) 
100     { 
101         using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient()) 
102         { 
103             return redis.As<question>().GetRelatedEntities<answer>(questionId); 
104         } 
105     } 
106      
107     public void VoteQuestionUp(long userId, long questionId) 
108     { 
109         //Populate Question => User and User => Question set indexes in a single transaction 
110         RedisManager.ExecTrans(trans => 
111         { 
112             //Register upvote against question and remove any downvotes if any 
113             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
114             redis.AddItemToSet("urn:q>user+:" + questionId, userId.ToString())); 
115             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
116             redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:q>user-:" + questionId, userId.ToString())); 
117      
118             //Register upvote against user and remove any downvotes if any 
119             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
120             redis.AddItemToSet("urn:user>q+:" + userId, questionId.ToString())); 
121             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
122             redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>q-:" + userId, questionId.ToString())); 
123         }); 
124     } 
125      
126     public void VoteQuestionDown(long userId, long questionId) 
127     { 
128         //Populate Question => User and User => Question set indexes in a single transaction 
129         RedisManager.ExecTrans(trans => 
130         { 
131             //Register downvote against question and remove any upvotes if any 
132             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
133             redis.AddItemToSet("urn:q>user-:" + questionId, userId.ToString())); 
134             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
135             redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:q>user+:" + questionId, userId.ToString())); 
136      
137             //Register downvote against user and remove any upvotes if any 
138             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
139             redis.AddItemToSet"urn:user>q-:" + userId, questionId.ToString())); 
140             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
141             redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>q+:" + userId, questionId.ToString())); 
142         }); 
143     } 
144      
145     public void VoteAnswerUp(long userId, long answerId) 
146     { 
147         //Populate Question => User and User => Question set indexes in a single transaction 
148         RedisManager.ExecTrans(trans => 
149         { 
150             //Register upvote against answer and remove any downvotes if any 
151             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
152             redis.AddItemToSet("urn:a>user+:" + answerId, userId.ToString())); 
153             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
154             redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:a>user-:" + answerId, userId.ToString())); 
155      
156             //Register upvote against user and remove any downvotes if any 
157             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
158             redis.AddItemToSet("urn:user>a+:" + userId, answerId.ToString())); 
159             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
160             redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>a-:" + userId, answerId.ToString())); 
161         }); 
162     } 
163      
164     public void VoteAnswerDown(long userId, long answerId) 
165     { 
166         //Populate Question => User and User => Question set indexes in a single transaction 
167         RedisManager.ExecTrans(trans => 
168         { 
169             //Register downvote against answer and remove any upvotes if any 
170             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
171             redis.AddItemToSet("urn:a>user-:" + answerId, userId.ToString())); 
172             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
173             redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:a>user+:" + answerId, userId.ToString())); 
174      
175             //Register downvote against user and remove any upvotes if any 
176             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
177             redis.AddItemToSet("urn:user>a-:" + userId, answerId.ToString())); 
178             trans.QueueCommand(redis => 
179             redis.RemoveItemFromSet("urn:user>a+:" + userId, answerId.ToString())); 
180         }); 
181     } 
182      
183     public QuestionResult GetQuestion(long questionId) 
184     { 
185         var question = RedisManager.ExecAs<question> 
186         (redisQuestions => redisQuestions.GetById(questionId)); 
187         if (question == null) return null; 
188      
189         var result = ToQuestionResults(new[] { question })[0]; 
190         var answers = GetAnswersForQuestion(questionId); 
191         var uniqueUserIds = answers.ConvertAll(x => x.UserId).ToHashSet(); 
192         var usersMap = GetUsersByIds(uniqueUserIds).ToDictionary(x => x.Id); 
193      
194         result.Answers = answers.ConvertAll(answer => 
195             new AnswerResult { Answer = answer, User = usersMap[answer.UserId] }); 
196      
197         return result; 
198     } 
199      
200     public List<user> GetUsersByIds(IEnumerable<long> userIds) 
201     { 
202         return RedisManager.ExecAs<user>(redisUsers => redisUsers.GetByIds(userIds)).ToList(); 
203     } 
204      
205     public QuestionStat GetQuestionStats(long questionId) 
206     { 
207         using (var redis = RedisManager.GetReadOnlyClient()) 
208         { 
209             var result = new QuestionStat 
210             { 
211                 VotesUpCount = redis.GetSetCount("urn:q>user+:" +questionId), 
212                 VotesDownCount = redis.GetSetCount("urn:q>user-:" + questionId) 
213             }; 
214             result.VotesTotal = result.VotesUpCount - result.VotesDownCount; 
215             return result; 
216         } 
217     } 
218      
219     public List<tag> GetTagsByPopularity(int skip, int take) 
220     { 
221         using (var redis = RedisManager.GetReadOnlyClient()) 
222         { 
223             var tagEntries = redis.GetRangeWithScoresFromSortedSetDesc("urn:tags", skip, take); 
224             var tags = tagEntries.ConvertAll(kvp => new Tag { Name = kvp.Key, Score = (int)kvp.Value }); 
225             return tags; 
226         } 
227     } 
228      
229     public SiteStats GetSiteStats() 
230     { 
231         using (var redis = RedisManager.GetClient()) 
232         { 
233             return new SiteStats 
234             { 
235                 QuestionsCount = redis.As<question>().TypeIdsSet.Count, 
236                 AnswersCount = redis.As<answer>().TypeIdsSet.Count, 
237                 TopTags = GetTagsByPopularity(0, 10) 
238             }; 
239         } 
240     } 
View Code

附加资源说明

项目中引用的一些包在packages.config文件中配置。

Funq IoC的相关配置,以及注册类型和当前控制器目录,在Global.asax文件中配置。

基于IoC的缓存使用以及Global.asax可以打开以下URL:http://localhost:37447/Question/GetQuestions?tag=test 查看。

你可以将tag字段设置成test3,test1,test2等。

Redis缓存配置——在web config文件(<system.web><sessionState>节点)以及RedisSessionStateProvider.cs文件中。

在MVC项目中有很多待办事项,因此,如果你想改进/继续,请更新,并上传。

如果有人能提供使用Redis(以及Funq IOC)缓存的MVC应用程序示例,本人将不胜感激。Funq IOC已经配置,使用示例已经在Question controller中。

注:部分取样于“ServiceStack.Examples-master”解决方案。

结论。优化应用程序缓存以及快速本地缓存

由于Redis并不在本地存储(也不在本地复制)数据,那么通过在本地缓存区存储一些轻量级或用户依赖的对象(跳过序列化字符串和客户端—服务端数据转换)来优化性能是有意义的。例如,在Web应用中,对于轻量级的对象使用’System.Runtime.Caching.ObjectCache‘ 会更好——用户依赖,并且应用程序时常要用。否则,当经常性地需要使用该对象时,就必须在分布式Redis缓存中存储大量容积的内容。用户依赖的对象举例——个人资料信息,个性化信息 。常用对象——本地化数据,不同用户之间的共享信息,等等。

下载源代码(Redis Funq LoC MVC 4版本)

链接

如何运行Redis服务:

https://github.com/kcherenkov/redis-windows-service

文档:

http://redis.io/documentation

.NET / C#示例:

https://github.com/ServiceStack/ServiceStack.Examples

关于如何用C#在Windows上使用Redis的好建议:

http://maxivak.com/getting-started-with-redis-and-asp-net-mvc-under-windows/:

http://www.piotrwalat.net/using-redis-with-asp-net-web-api/

关于Redis:

https://github.com/ServiceStack/ServiceStack.Redis

Azure缓存

http://kotugoroshko.blogspot.ae/2013/07/windows-azure-caching-integration.html

许可证

这篇文章,以及任何相关的源代码和文件,依据The Code Project Open License (CPOL)。

译文链接:http://www.codeceo.com/article/distributed-caching-redis-server.html
英文原文:Distributed Caching using Redis Server with .NET/C# Client

 

posted on 2016-03-19 01:20  晓风.NET  阅读(189)  评论(0)    收藏  举报