20244302刘家瑞《Python程序设计》实验四报告
《Python程序设计》实验四报告>
课程：《Python程序设计》
班级：2443
姓名：刘家瑞
学号：20244302
实验教师：王志强
实验日期：2025年6月1日
必修/选修：公选课
引言
本次实验通过 Python 面向对象编程实现一款文本冒险游戏《神秘城堡探险》。游戏开发的动机源于对角色扮演游戏的热爱，希望通过代码构建一个充满探索与战斗元素的虚拟世界。本报告将详细介绍游戏的设计思路、实现过程及技术要点，该游戏融合了角色系统、物品系统、战斗系统和任务系统等核心机制，可作为学习 Python 面向对象编程的典型案例。
一、实验内容
设计并实现一个基于文本的冒险游戏，包含角色、物品、敌人、NPC 和房间等游戏元素
实现完整的游戏逻辑，包括探索、战斗、任务系统和交易系统
采用面向对象编程思想，将游戏元素抽象为类并建立合理的类间关系
实现游戏世界的构建与导航系统
二、实验演示
游戏运行效果演示：
三、实验过程
-
实验分析
本实验采用分模块开发策略，将游戏系统划分为以下核心模块：
角色系统：管理玩家角色的属性、状态与成长
物品系统：实现各类物品的效果与使用逻辑
战斗系统：设计回合制战斗机制与 AI 逻辑
任务系统：管理任务的接取、进度与奖励
NPC 系统：实现非玩家角色的对话与交易功能
地图系统：构建游戏世界与房间导航逻辑 -
实验设计
类设计与继承关系
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核心机制设计
战斗机制：采用回合制，玩家可选择攻击、使用物品或逃跑，敌人 AI 随机选择攻击方式
任务系统：支持物品收集、敌人击杀等任务类型，完成后自动发放奖励
房间交互：包含物品拾取、敌人遭遇、NPC 对话和门锁机制等交互元素
角色成长：通过击败敌人获取经验值，升级后提升属性 -
详细实现过程
（1）角色系统实现
角色类Character是游戏的核心类，负责管理玩家的所有状态：
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角色升级时会按固定规则提升属性，并通过gain_xp方法实现经验值累积与升级逻辑。
（2）物品系统实现
物品类Item通过effect属性区分不同类型物品的效果：
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物品使用时根据effect执行对应操作，如治疗、属性提升等。
（3）战斗系统实现
战斗在Room类的battle方法中实现，采用回合制逻辑：
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战斗中会计算实际伤害（考虑防御值），并在敌人被击败后发放奖励与任务进度检查。
（4）任务系统实现
任务类Quest管理任务的进度与奖励：
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每次击败敌人或拾取物品后，会自动检查相关任务的完成状态并发放奖励。
（5）游戏世界构建
通过create_game_world函数构建完整的游戏地图与元素：
![]()
每个房间包含描述、出口、物品、敌人和 NPC 等元素，形成完整的游戏探索空间。
四、源代码
gitee:
https://gitee.com/eswindous/python/blob/9a27c03100810e8f245a2ee112841dbb7db4b89f/castle_adventure.py
神秘城堡探险游戏源码：
import random
import time
class Character:
def init(self, name, health, attack, defense):
self.name = name
self.max_health = health
self.health = health
self.attack = attack
self.defense = defense
self.inventory = []
self.gold = 0
self.quests = []
self.level = 1
self.xp = 0
self.xp_to_next_level = 100
self.killed_enemies = [] # 记录击杀的敌人
def is_alive(self):
return self.health > 0
def take_damage(self, damage):
actual_damage = max(1, damage - self.defense)
self.health -= actual_damage
print(f"{self.name}受到了{actual_damage}点伤害！")
if not self.is_alive():
self.health = 0
print(f"{self.name}已死亡！")
return actual_damage
def heal(self, amount):
self.health = min(self.max_health, self.health + amount)
print(f"{self.name}恢复了{amount}点生命值！")
def attack_enemy(self, enemy):
damage = random.randint(self.attack // 2, self.attack)
print(f"{self.name}对{enemy.name}发动攻击，造成{damage}点伤害！")
return enemy.take_damage(damage)
def add_item(self, item):
self.inventory.append(item)
print(f"{self.name}获得了物品：{item.name}！")
def use_item(self, item_index):
if 0 <= item_index < len(self.inventory):
item = self.inventory.pop(item_index)
item.use(self)
else:
print("无效的物品索引！")
def show_status(self):
print(f"\n{self.name}的状态：")
print(f"等级：{self.level} ({self.xp}/{self.xp_to_next_level} XP)")
print(f"生命值：{self.health}/{self.max_health}")
print(f"攻击力：{self.attack}")
print(f"防御力：{self.defense}")
print(f"金币：{self.gold}")
print("物品：", end="")
if not self.inventory:
print("无")
else:
print(", ".join([f"{i}.{item.name}" for i, item in enumerate(self.inventory)]))
print("任务：")
if not self.quests:
print("无")
else:
for i, quest in enumerate(self.quests):
status = "已完成" if quest.completed else "进行中"
print(f"{i + 1}. {quest.name} - {status}")
def gain_xp(self, amount):
self.xp += amount
print(f"获得了{amount}点经验值！")
while self.xp >= self.xp_to_next_level:
self.level_up()
def level_up(self):
self.level += 1
self.xp -= self.xp_to_next_level
self.xp_to_next_level = int(self.xp_to_next_level * 1.5)
self.max_health += 10
self.health = self.max_health
self.attack += 3
self.defense += 2
print(f"恭喜！等级提升到{self.level}！")
print(f"生命值上限增加10点，攻击力增加3点，防御力增加2点！")
class Item:
def init(self, name, description, effect, value=0):
self.name = name
self.description = description
self.effect = effect
self.value = value
def use(self, character):
if self.effect == "heal":
character.heal(20)
elif self.effect == "big_heal":
character.heal(50)
elif self.effect == "attack_up":
character.attack += 5
print(f"{character.name}的攻击力永久提升了5点！")
elif self.effect == "defense_up":
character.defense += 5
print(f"{character.name}的防御力永久提升了5点！")
elif self.effect == "key":
print(f"你使用了{self.name}，打开了一扇门！")
elif self.effect == "xp":
character.gain_xp(50)
else:
print(f"使用了{self.name}，但没有任何效果...")
class Quest:
def init(self, name, description, target_item=None, target_enemy=None, reward_item=None, reward_xp=0,
reward_gold=0):
self.name = name
self.description = description
self.target_item = target_item
self.target_enemy = target_enemy
self.reward_item = reward_item
self.reward_xp = reward_xp
self.reward_gold = reward_gold
self.completed = False
def check_progress(self, player):
if self.completed:
return True
# 检查物品收集类任务
if self.target_item and self.target_item in [item.name for item in player.inventory]:
self.completed = True
return True
# 检查击杀敌人类任务
if self.target_enemy and self.target_enemy in player.killed_enemies:
self.completed = True
return True
return False
def complete(self, player):
if not self.completed:
self.completed = True
print(f"任务完成：{self.name}！")
if self.reward_item:
player.add_item(self.reward_item)
if self.reward_xp > 0:
player.gain_xp(self.reward_xp)
if self.reward_gold > 0:
player.gold += self.reward_gold
print(f"获得了{self.reward_gold}金币！")
return True
return False
class Enemy:
def init(self, name, health, attack, defense, gold_reward, xp_reward, item_drop=None):
self.name = name
self.max_health = health
self.health = health
self.attack = attack
self.defense = defense
self.gold_reward = gold_reward
self.xp_reward = xp_reward
self.item_drop = item_drop
def is_alive(self):
return self.health > 0
def take_damage(self, damage):
actual_damage = max(1, damage - self.defense)
self.health -= actual_damage
print(f"{self.name}受到了{actual_damage}点伤害！")
if not self.is_alive():
self.health = 0
print(f"{self.name}被击败了！")
return actual_damage
def attack_player(self, player):
damage = random.randint(self.attack // 2, self.attack)
print(f"{self.name}对{player.name}发动攻击，造成{damage}点伤害！")
return player.take_damage(damage)
class NPC:
def init(self, name, dialogue, quest=None, trade_items=None):
self.name = name
self.dialogue = dialogue
self.quest = quest
self.trade_items = trade_items or []
def talk(self, player):
print(f"\n{self.name}: {self.dialogue}")
if self.quest and self.quest not in player.quests:
accept = input(f"{self.name}想要给你一个任务：{self.quest.name}。接受吗？(y/n) ").lower()
if accept == 'y':
player.quests.append(self.quest)
print(f"你接受了任务：{self.quest.name}！")
if self.trade_items:
trade = input("想要交易吗？(y/n) ").lower()
if trade == 'y':
self.trade(player)
def trade(self, player):
print(f"\n{self.name}的商店：")
for i, item in enumerate(self.trade_items):
print(f"{i + 1}. {item.name} - {item.description} (价格: {item.value}金币)")
while True:
choice = input("选择要购买的物品编号（或输入q退出）：").lower()
if choice == 'q':
break
try:
item_index = int(choice) - 1
if 0 <= item_index < len(self.trade_items):
item = self.trade_items[item_index]
if player.gold >= item.value:
player.gold -= item.value
player.add_item(item)
print(f"你购买了{item.name}，花费了{item.value}金币！")
else:
print("金币不足！")
else:
print("无效的选择！")
except ValueError:
print("无效的输入！")
class Room:
def init(self, name, description, exits, items=None, enemy=None, npc=None, locked=False):
self.name = name
self.description = description
self.exits = exits
self.items = items if items else []
self.enemy = enemy
self.npc = npc
self.locked = locked
self.visited = False
def enter(self, player):
if not self.visited:
print(f"\n你进入了{self.name}。")
print(self.description)
self.visited = True
else:
print(f"\n你回到了{self.name}。")
if self.enemy and self.enemy.is_alive():
print(f"这里有一个{self.enemy.name}！")
self.battle(player, self.enemy)
if self.items:
print("你发现了以下物品：")
for i, item in enumerate(self.items):
print(f"{i + 1}. {item.name} - {item.description}")
take = input("要拾取这些物品吗？(y/n) ").lower()
if take == 'y':
for item in self.items:
player.add_item(item)
self.items = []
if self.npc:
talk = input(f"这里有一个{self.npc.name}。要和他交谈吗？(y/n) ").lower()
if talk == 'y':
self.npc.talk(player)
if self.locked:
print("这个出口被锁住了！")
if any(item.effect == "key" for item in player.inventory):
use_key = input("你有钥匙，要使用吗？(y/n) ").lower()
if use_key == 'y':
for i, item in enumerate(player.inventory):
if item.effect == "key":
player.use_item(i)
self.locked = False
print("门被打开了！")
break
else:
print("你需要找到钥匙才能打开这个门。")
def battle(self, player, enemy):
print("\n战斗开始！")
while player.is_alive() and enemy.is_alive():
print("\n--- 回合开始 ---")
player.show_status()
print(f"{enemy.name}的生命值：{enemy.health}/{enemy.max_health}")
print("\n你的行动：")
print("1. 攻击")
print("2. 使用物品")
print("3. 查看状态")
print("4. 尝试逃跑")
choice = input("请选择：").strip()
if choice == '1':
player.attack_enemy(enemy)
if enemy.is_alive():
enemy.attack_player(player)
elif choice == '2':
if not player.inventory:
print("你没有任何物品！")
enemy.attack_player(player)
else:
print("你的物品：")
for i, item in enumerate(player.inventory):
print(f"{i}. {item.name} - {item.description}")
item_choice = input("选择要使用的物品索引（或输入q取消）：")
if item_choice.lower() != 'q':
try:
player.use_item(int(item_choice))
if enemy.is_alive():
enemy.attack_player(player)
except ValueError:
print("无效的选择！")
enemy.attack_player(player)
elif choice == '3':
player.show_status()
input("按Enter继续...")
elif choice == '4':
escape_chance = random.randint(1, 10)
if escape_chance > 3:
print("你成功逃脱了战斗！")
return
else:
print("逃跑失败！")
enemy.attack_player(player)
else:
print("无效的选择！")
if enemy.is_alive():
enemy.attack_player(player)
if not enemy.is_alive():
player.killed_enemies.append(enemy.name) # 记录击杀的敌人
print(f"你击败了{enemy.name}！")
player.gold += enemy.gold_reward
player.gain_xp(enemy.xp_reward)
print(f"获得了{enemy.gold_reward}金币和{enemy.xp_reward}点经验值！")
if enemy.item_drop and random.random() < 0.5: # 50%几率掉落物品
dropped_item = enemy.item_drop
player.add_item(dropped_item)
print(f"{enemy.name}掉落了{dropped_item.name}！")
# 检查任务进度
for quest in player.quests:
if quest.target_enemy == enemy.name and not quest.completed:
quest.check_progress(player)
if quest.completed:
quest.complete(player)
break
def create_game_world():
# 创建物品
health_potion = Item("治疗药水", "恢复20点生命值", "heal", 10)
big_health_potion = Item("高级治疗药水", "恢复50点生命值", "big_heal", 25)
strength_potion = Item("力量药水", "永久提升5点攻击力", "attack_up", 30)
defense_potion = Item("防御药水", "永久提升5点防御力", "defense_up", 30)
xp_potion = Item("经验药水", "获得50点经验值", "xp", 20)
key = Item("生锈的钥匙", "可以打开锁住的门", "key")
master_key = Item("城堡主钥匙", "可以打开所有锁住的门", "key")
ancient_map = Item("古老地图", "显示城堡的秘密通道", "map")
treasure = Item("黄金宝藏", "价值连城的宝藏", "treasure", 100)
# 创建敌人
skeleton = Enemy("骷髅", 30, 8, 3, 10, 20)
zombie = Enemy("僵尸", 40, 6, 5, 15, 25)
spider = Enemy("巨型蜘蛛", 25, 10, 2, 12, 20, health_potion)
guard = Enemy("城堡守卫", 60, 12, 8, 30, 40, strength_potion)
mage = Enemy("黑暗法师", 50, 15, 5, 40, 50, xp_potion)
minotaur = Enemy("牛头人", 80, 18, 10, 50, 60, defense_potion)
boss = Enemy("城堡领主", 120, 20, 15, 100, 100, master_key)
# 创建NPC
old_man = NPC(
"老巫师",
"欢迎来到这座古老的城堡，年轻的冒险者。我可以给你一些任务，如果你愿意的话。",
Quest(
"清除城堡守卫",
"消灭城堡中的所有守卫",
target_enemy="城堡守卫",
reward_item=ancient_map,
reward_xp=100,
reward_gold=50
),
[health_potion, strength_potion, defense_potion]
)
merchant = NPC(
"商人",
"需要什么装备吗？我这里有各种好东西。",
trade_items=[health_potion, big_health_potion, strength_potion, defense_potion, xp_potion]
)
# 创建任务
find_treasure = Quest(
"寻找宝藏",
"在城堡中找到黄金宝藏",
target_item="黄金宝藏",
reward_xp=200,
reward_gold=200
)
kill_boss = Quest(
"击败城堡领主",
"击败城堡领主，结束他的统治",
target_enemy="城堡领主",
reward_item=Item("勇者勋章", "证明你是一名伟大的冒险者", "medal"),
reward_xp=300,
reward_gold=300
)
# 创建房间
entrance = Room(
"城堡入口",
"你站在一座古老城堡的入口。周围是破败的墙壁，前方有一条走廊通向城堡内部。",
{"北": "走廊", "南": "离开城堡"}
)
corridor = Room(
"走廊",
"一条长长的走廊，两侧有几扇门。空气中弥漫着一股霉味。",
{"北": "大厅", "南": "城堡入口", "东": "储藏室", "西": "武器库"},
[Item("金币", "5枚金币", "gold")]
)
storage = Room(
"储藏室",
"一个堆满杂物的房间。看起来已经很久没有人来过了。",
{"西": "走廊"},
[health_potion, Item("金币", "10枚金币", "gold")]
)
armory = Room(
"武器库",
"房间里摆满了各种武器和盔甲。",
{"东": "走廊"},
[strength_potion],
skeleton
)
great_hall = Room(
"大厅",
"一个宽敞的大厅，天花板很高。大厅中央有一个楼梯通向二楼。",
{"北": "楼梯", "南": "走廊", "东": "餐厅", "西": "书房"},
[Item("金币", "15枚金币", "gold")],
zombie,
old_man
)
dining_room = Room(
"餐厅",
"一张长长的餐桌占据了房间的中央，上面摆满了发霉的食物。",
{"西": "大厅"},
[defense_potion]
)
library = Room(
"书房",
"房间里有许多书架，上面摆满了古老的书籍。",
{"东": "大厅"},
[key]
)
stairs = Room(
"楼梯",
"一段古老的楼梯通向二楼。楼梯看起来有些破旧，走在上面会发出咯吱声。",
{"北": "二楼走廊", "南": "大厅"}
)
second_floor_corridor = Room(
"二楼走廊",
"二楼的走廊比一楼窄小，光线也更昏暗。",
{"北": "主卧", "南": "楼梯", "东": "客房", "西": "阳台"},
locked=True
)
master_bedroom = Room(
"主卧",
"一个豪华的卧室，中央有一张大床。看起来这里曾经住着城堡的主人。",
{"南": "二楼走廊"},
[Item("金币", "25枚金币", "gold"), health_potion, strength_potion],
boss
)
guest_room = Room(
"客房",
"一个简单的房间，有一张床和一个衣柜。",
{"西": "二楼走廊"},
[health_potion, defense_potion]
)
balcony = Room(
"阳台",
"一个小阳台，可以俯瞰城堡外的庭院。",
{"东": "二楼走廊"},
[Item("金币", "20枚金币", "gold")],
spider
)
# 新增区域：地下墓穴
basement_stairs = Room(
"地下室楼梯",
"一段陡峭的楼梯通向城堡的地下室。空气中弥漫着一股腐臭味。",
{"北": "地下墓穴", "南": "大厅"},
locked=True
)
catacombs = Room(
"地下墓穴",
"一个阴暗的墓穴，周围是一排排的棺材。",
{"北": "墓室", "南": "地下室楼梯", "东": "秘密通道"},
[xp_potion],
minotaur
)
tomb = Room(
"墓室",
"中央有一个巨大的石棺，上面刻满了神秘的符文。",
{"南": "地下墓穴"},
[treasure],
mage
)
secret_passage = Room(
"秘密通道",
"一条狭窄的通道，似乎通向城堡的其他区域。",
{"西": "地下墓穴", "东": "隐藏宝库"},
locked=True
)
hidden_treasure = Room(
"隐藏宝库",
"一个小房间，里面堆满了金银财宝！",
{"西": "秘密通道"},
[
Item("金币", "50枚金币", "gold"),
big_health_potion,
strength_potion,
defense_potion
]
)
# 创建游戏世界字典
world = {
"城堡入口": entrance,
"走廊": corridor,
"储藏室": storage,
"武器库": armory,
"大厅": great_hall,
"餐厅": dining_room,
"书房": library,
"楼梯": stairs,
"二楼走廊": second_floor_corridor,
"主卧": master_bedroom,
"客房": guest_room,
"阳台": balcony,
"地下室楼梯": basement_stairs,
"地下墓穴": catacombs,
"墓室": tomb,
"秘密通道": secret_passage,
"隐藏宝库": hidden_treasure
}
# 返回游戏世界和任务
return world, find_treasure, kill_boss
def play_game():
print("欢迎来到《神秘城堡探险》！")
try:
name = input("请输入你的名字：").strip()
if not name:
name = "冒险者"
print(f"\n{name}，你的冒险即将开始！")
print("你听说了一座古老城堡的传说，据说里面藏着巨大的宝藏。你决定前来一探究竟...")
# 创建玩家
player = Character(name, 100, 15, 5)
# 创建游戏世界和获取任务
world, find_treasure, kill_boss = create_game_world()
# 添加初始任务
player.quests.append(Quest(
"探索城堡",
"探索城堡的各个角落，寻找宝藏和线索",
reward_xp=50,
reward_gold=20
))
player.quests.append(find_treasure)
player.quests.append(kill_boss)
# 从城堡入口开始游戏
current_room = world["城堡入口"]
current_room.enter(player)
while player.is_alive():
print("\n---")
print(f"当前位置：{current_room.name}")
print("可用的出口：", end="")
print(", ".join([f"{direction} ({room_name})" for direction, room_name in current_room.exits.items()]))
if current_room.name == "城堡入口" and "南" in current_room.exits:
print("输入'南'离开城堡，结束游戏。")
command = input("\n你想做什么？ ").lower().strip()
if command in ["q", "quit", "exit"]:
print("你决定放弃探险，离开了城堡。")
break
if command == "status":
player.show_status()
continue
if command == "help":
print("\n可用命令：")
print("- 方向（北、南、东、西）：移动到指定方向的房间")
print("- status：查看你的状态和物品")
print("- help：显示帮助信息")
print("- q/quit/exit：退出游戏")
continue
if command in current_room.exits:
next_room_name = current_room.exits[command]
if next_room_name == "离开城堡":
# 检查任务完成情况
completed_quests = [q for q in player.quests if q.completed]
print(f"\n你成功离开了城堡！你完成了{len(completed_quests)}/{len(player.quests)}个任务。")
print(f"你的冒险结束了。你获得了{player.gold}枚金币和以下物品：")
if player.inventory:
for item in player.inventory:
print(f"- {item.name}")
else:
print("无")
break
next_room = world.get(next_room_name)
if next_room:
if next_room.locked:
print("这个出口被锁住了！")
continue
current_room = next_room
current_room.enter(player)
else:
print("那个方向没有房间！")
else:
print("无效的命令！输入'help'查看可用命令。")
except Exception as e:
print(f"\n游戏崩溃了！错误信息：{str(e)}")
import traceback
print("\n完整错误堆栈：")
traceback.print_exc()
finally:
print("\n游戏结束！感谢游玩《神秘城堡探险》！")
if name == "main":
play_game()
五、遇到的问题及解决过程
添加任务元素后游戏无法运行：游戏崩溃了！错误信息：name 'find_treasure' is not defined
是由于在添加初始任务时，find_treasure 任务还没有被定义导致的
修复：
任务定义调整：
将 find_treasure 和 kill_boss 任务的创建移至 create_game_world() 函数中
让 create_game_world() 返回这些任务对象
任务初始化修复：
在 play_game() 中调用 create_game_world() 获取任务对象
确保在添加任务到玩家时，这些任务已经被正确定义
六、总结
从写第一个Character类到最后修复完所有 bug，这游戏算是我用 Python 搞面向对象编程的练手大作”了。刚开始觉得类啊、对象啊挺抽象，写着写着发现，把游戏里的东西都当成 “对象” 来管，逻辑反而更清晰了。尤其是调试的时候，对着错误信息一点点改，那种解决问题后的成就感，跟游戏里打赢 boss 差不多！以后打算再学学网络编程和图形库，把这个游戏做得更热闹，也推荐大家试试自己写个小游戏，真的能学到超多东西！
七、参考资料
参考资料
- Python 面向对象编程在游戏开发中的应用 - CSDN 博客
- Python 随机数模块在游戏中的应用 - CSDN 博客
- Python 文本游戏的用户交互设计 - CSDN 博客
- Python 游戏中的任务系统设计 - CSDN 博客
- Python 程序调试与异常处理实战 - CSDN 博客
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