没有makefile的日子

1. 没有makefile的日子

2. 参考资料及代码下载

<1>. 没有makefile的日子

[上一篇]中介绍了makefile的编写规则，第一个标题是“没有makefile的日子”，收到[博客园]的网友zhuangzhuang1988的回复可以使用automake来自动生成makefile。如果在linux下从源代码安装过程序的话，通常的过程是这样：

./configure; make; make install

下面我们将试图如何生成这种发行版本，这里面主要使用到了aclocal, automake等工具。

1. 现在假设程序源代码已经编写完成，这里是main.c

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ ls

main.c

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ cat main.c

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

printf("hello linux world !");

return 0;

}

2. 运行autoscan，此时将生成autoscan.log，configure.scan两个文件。

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ autoscan

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ ls

autoscan.log configure.scan main.c

3. 我们将 configure.scan作为configure.in文件的模板，以供aclocal来使用。首先将configure.scan改名为configure.in

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ mv configure.scan configure.in

修改configure.in件：

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ vim configure.in

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ cat configure.in

# -*- Autoconf -*-

# Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.

AC_PREREQ([2.63])

AC_INIT([helloauto], [1.0], [xuqiang@gmail.com])

AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([main.c])

# comment this line, no use

# AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])

# Checks for programs.

AC_PROG_CC

# Checks for libraries.

# Checks for header files.

# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.

# Checks for library functions.

# init automake

AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(helloauto, 1.0)

# write out the makefile

AC_OUTPUT(Makefile)

4. 执行aclocal命令，生成aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache两个文件

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ aclocal

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ ls

aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log configure.in main.c

5. 运行autoconf命令，将生成configure文件。

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ autoconf

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ ls

aclocal.m4 autom4te.cache autoscan.log configure configure.in main.c

6. 新建Makefile.am文件，该文件是工具automake的依赖文件。

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ vim Makefile.am

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ cat Makefile.am

AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS=foreign

bin_PROGRAMS=helloauto

helloauto_SOURCES=main.c

7. 运行automake命令，该命令将在该源文件目录中增加所需脚本，例如INSTALL文件等。

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ automake --add-missing

Makefile.am: installing `./INSTALL'

Makefile.am: required file `./NEWS' not found

Makefile.am: required file `./README' not found

Makefile.am: required file `./AUTHORS' not found

Makefile.am: required file `./ChangeLog' not found

Makefile.am: installing `./COPYING' using GNU General Public License v3 file

Makefile.am: Consider adding the COPYING file to the version control system

Makefile.am: for your code, to avoid questions about which license your project uses.

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ ls

aclocal.m4 autoscan.log config.status configure.in INSTALL Makefile.am

autom4te.cache config.log configure COPYING main.c Makefile.in

8. 下面开始测试一下上面生成的文件。

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ ./configure

checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c

checking whether build environment is sane... yes

checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p

checking for gawk... no

checking for mawk... mawk

checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes

checking for gcc... gcc

checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out

checking whether the C compiler works... yes

checking whether we are cross compiling... no

checking for suffix of executables...

checking for suffix of object files... o

checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes

checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes

checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed

checking for style of include used by make... GNU

checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3

configure: creating ./config.status

config.status: creating Makefile

config.status: executing depfiles commands

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ make

gcc -DPACKAGE_NAME=\"helloauto\" -DPACKAGE_TARNAME=\"helloauto\" -DPACKAGE_VERSION=\"1.0\" -DPACKAGE_STRING=\"helloauto\ 1.0\" -DPACKAGE_BUGREPORT=\"xuqiang@gmail.com\" -DPACKAGE=\"helloauto\" -DVERSION=\"1.0\" -I. -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/main.Tpo -c -o main.o main.c

mv -f .deps/main.Tpo .deps/main.Po

gcc -g -O2 -o helloauto main.o

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ ls

aclocal.m4 config.log configure.in INSTALL Makefile

autom4te.cache config.status COPYING main.c Makefile.am

autoscan.log configure helloauto main.o Makefile.in

xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$ ./helloauto

hello linux world !xuqiang@ubuntu:~/automake/helloworld$

通过使用这些工具，只要编写简单的几个文件就能生成Makefile，编译源代码。