201771010112罗松《面向对象程序设计(java)》第九周学习总结

第一部分:理论知识部分

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 掌握java异常处理技术;

(2) 了解断言的用法;

(3) 了解日志的用途;

(4) 掌握程序基础调试技巧;

1.什么是异常?Java的异常处理机制可以控制程序从错误产生的 位置转移到能够进行错误处理的位置。程序中出现的常见的错误和问题有:用户输入错误 ;设备错误 ;物理限制 ;代码错误。

2.异常分为哪几类?通常分为非致命异常和致命异常两类。非致命异常:通过某种修正后程序还能继续执行。 这类错误叫作异常。如:文件不存在、无效的数组 下标、空引用、网络断开等。 Java中提供了一种独特的处理异常的机制,通过异常来处理程序设计中出现的错误。

另一种是致命异常:程序遇到了非常严重的不正常状态,不 能简单恢复执行,是致命性错误。如:内存耗尽、 系统内部错误等。这种错误程序本身无法解决。除此之外Java中的异常类可分为两大类:

一类是Error Error类层次结构描述了Java运行时系统的内部错误 和资源耗尽错误。应用程序不应该捕获这类异常,也 不会抛出这种异常。另一类是Exception Exception类:重点掌握的异常类。Exception层次结 构又分解为两个分支:一个分支派生于 RuntimeException;另一个分支包含其他异常。

第二部分:实验部分 

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1:用命令行与IDE两种环境下编辑调试运行源程序ExceptionDemo1、ExceptionDemo2,结合程序运行结果理解程序,掌握未检查异常和已检查异常的区别。

//异常示例1

public class ExceptionDemo1 {

public static void main(String args[]) {

int a = 0;

System.out.println(5 / a);

}

}

 

//异常示例2

import java.io.*;

 

public class ExceptionDemo2 {

public static void main(String args[])

     {

          FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象

          int b;

          while((b=fis.read())!=-1)

          {

              System.out.print(b);

          }

          fis.close();

      }

}

分析错误原因后,进行更改后的代码:

package 实验9;

//异常示例1
public class ExceptionDemo1 {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        int a=0;
        if(a==0) {
            System.out.println("除数等于零!");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println(5 / a);

        }
    }
}
package 实验9;

//异常示例2
import java.io.*;

public class ExceptionDemo2 {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception 
   {
        FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象
        int b;
        while((b=fis.read())!=-1)
        {
            System.out.print(b);
        }
        fis.close();
    }
}

实验2 导入以下示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1:

l 在elipse IDE中编辑、编译、调试运行教材281页7-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;

l 掌握Throwable类的堆栈跟踪方法;

教材281页7-1代码如下:

package stackTrace;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * A program that displays a trace feature of a recursive method call.
 * @version 1.01 2004-05-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class StackTraceTest
{
   /**
    * Computes the factorial of a number
    * @param n a non-negative integer
    * @return n! = 1 * 2 * . . . * n
    */
   public static int factorial(int n)
   {
      System.out.println("factorial(" + n + "):");
      Throwable t = new Throwable();//调用Throwable类的getStackTrace方法,得到StackTraceElement对象的一个数组
      StackTraceElement[] frames = t.getStackTrace();
      for (StackTraceElement f : frames)
         System.out.println(f);
      int r;
      if (n <= 1) r = 1;
      else r = n * factorial(n - 1);
      System.out.println("return " + r);
      return r;
   }

   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.print("Enter n: ");
      int n = in.nextInt();
      factorial(n);
   }
}

结果如下:

测试程序2:

l Java语言的异常处理有积极处理方法和消极处理两种方式;

l 下列两个简答程序范例给出了两种异常处理的代码格式。在elipse IDE中编辑、调试运行源程序ExceptionalTest.java,将程序中的text文件更换为身份证号.txt,要求将文件内容读入内容,并在控制台显示;

l 掌握两种异常处理技术的特点。

//积极处理方式  

import java.io.*;

 

class ExceptionTest {

public static void main (string args[])

   {

       try{

       FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");

       }

       catch(FileNotFoundExcption e)

     {   ……  }

……

    }

}
//消极处理方式

 

import java.io.*;

class ExceptionTest {

public static void main (string args[]) throws  FileNotFoundExcption

     {

      FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");

     }

}

读入内容后:

package 实验9;

//积极处理方式  
import java.io.*;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;

class ExceptionTest {
    public static void main (String args[])
 {
        File fis=new File("身份证号.txt");
     try{
         

         FileReader fr = new FileReader(fis);
         BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
         try {
             String s, s2 = new String();
             while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) {
                 s2 += s + "\n ";
             }
             br.close();
             System.out.println(s2);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
     } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
         // TODO Auto-generated catch block
         e.printStackTrace();
     }

  }
}
package 实验9;

//消极处理方式

import java.io.*;
class ExceptionTest {
    public static void main (String args[]) throws  IOException
       {
        File fis=new File("身份证号.txt");
        FileReader fr = new FileReader(fis);
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
        String s, s2 = new String();

            while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) {
                s2 += s + "\n ";
            }
            br.close();
            System.out.println(s2);
       }
}

运行结果:

 

 

实验3: 编程练习

练习1:

1.编制一个程序,将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中;

2.按姓名字典序输出人员信息;

3.查询最大年龄的人员信息;

4.查询最小年龄人员信息;

5.输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地;

6.查询人员中是否有你的同乡;

在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

package IDcard;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Collections;

public class ID {

    public static People findPeopleByname(String name) {
        People flag = null;
        for (People people : peoplelist) {
            if(people.getName().equals(name)) {
                flag = people;
            }
        }
        return flag;

    }

    public static People findPeopleByid(String id) {
        People flag = null;
        for (People people : peoplelist) {
            if(people.getnumber().equals(id)) {
                flag = people;
            }
        }
        return flag;

    }
     
    private static ArrayList<People> agenear(int yourage) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        int j=0,min=53,d_value=0,k = 0;
        ArrayList<People> plist = new ArrayList<People>();
        for (int i = 0; i < peoplelist.size(); i++) {
            d_value = peoplelist.get(i).getage() > yourage ? 
                    peoplelist.get(i).getage() - yourage : yourage - peoplelist.get(i).getage() ;
            k = d_value < min ? i : k;
            min = d_value < min ? d_value : min;
        }
        for(People people : peoplelist) {
            if(people.getage() == peoplelist.get(k).getage()) {
                plist.add(people);
            }
        }
        return plist;
    }

    private static ArrayList<People> peoplelist; 
    
    public static void main(String[] args) //throws  IOException
    {
        peoplelist = new ArrayList<People>();
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        File file = new File("D:\\身份证号.txt");
        try {
            FileInputStream files = new FileInputStream(file);
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(files));
            String temp = null;
            while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
                
                String[] information = temp.split("[ ]+");
                People people = new People();
                people.setName(information[0]);
                people.setnumber(information[1]);
                int A = Integer.parseInt(information[3]);
                people.setage(A);
                people.setsex(information[2]);
                for(int j = 4; j<information.length;j++) {
                    people.setplace(information[j]);
                }
                peoplelist.add(people);

            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("文件未找到");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("文件读取错误");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        boolean isTrue = true;
        while (isTrue) {

            System.out.println("******************************************");
            System.out.println("   1.按姓名典序输出人员信息");
            System.out.println("   2.查询最大年龄人员信息");
            System.out.println("   3.查询最小年龄人员信息");
            System.out.println("   4.输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近的人");
            System.out.println("   5.查询人员中是否有你的同乡");
            System.out.println("   6.退出");
            System.out.println("******************************************");
            int nextInt = scanner.nextInt();
            switch (nextInt) {
            case 1:
                Collections.sort(peoplelist);
                System.out.println(peoplelist.toString());
                break;
            case 2:
                int max=0;
                int j,k1 = 0;
                for(int i=1;i<peoplelist.size();i++)
                {
                    j = peoplelist.get(i).getage();
                   if(j>max)
                   {
                       max = j; 
                       k1 = i;
                   }
                  
                }  
                System.out.println("年龄最大:"+peoplelist.get(k1));
                break;
            case 3:
                int min = 100;
                int j1,k2 = 0;
                for(int i=1;i<peoplelist.size();i++)
                {
                    j1 = peoplelist.get(i).getage();
                    if(j1<min)
                    {
                        min = j1; 
                        k2 = i;
                    }

                 } 
                System.out.println("年龄最小:"+peoplelist.get(k2));
                break;
            case 4:
                System.out.println("年龄:");
                int input_age = scanner.nextInt();
                ArrayList<People> plist = new ArrayList<People>();
                plist = agenear(input_age);
                for(People people : plist) {
                    System.out.println(people.toString());
                }
                break;
            case 5:
                System.out.println("请输入省份");
                String find = scanner.next();        
                for (int i = 0; i <peoplelist.size(); i++) 
                {
                    String [] place = peoplelist.get(i).getplace().split("\t");
                    for(String temp : place) {
                        if(find.equals(temp)) {
                            System.out.println("你的同乡是    "+peoplelist.get(i));
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    
                } 
                break;
            case 6:
                isTrue = false;
                System.out.println("byebye!");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("输入有误");
            }
        }
    }

}

练习2:

1.编写一个计算器类,可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作;

2.利用计算机类,设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序,由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题,学生输入答案,由程序检查答案是否正确,每道题正确计10分,错误不计分,10道题测试结束后给出测试总分;

3.将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件,文件名为test.txt;

4.在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

package 算术题;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;


public class ss {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        sf sf=new sf();
        PrintWriter output = null;
        try {
            output = new PrintWriter("ss.txt");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            //e.printStackTrace();
        }
        int sum = 0;

        for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) {
            int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
            int s = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3);

            
           switch(s)
           {
           case 1:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"=");
               while(b==0){  
                   b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); 
                   }
               double c = in.nextDouble();
               output.println(a+"/"+b+"="+c);
               if (c == sf.chu_fa(a, b)) {
                   sum += 10;
                   System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
               }
               else {
                   System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
               }
            
               break;
            
           case 2:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"*"+b+"=");
               int c1 = in.nextInt();
               output.println(a+"*"+b+"="+c1);
               if (c1 == sf.chen_fa(a, b)) {
                   sum += 10;
                   System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
               }
               else {
                   System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
               }
               break;
           case 3:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"=");
               int c2 = in.nextInt();
               output.println(a+"+"+b+"="+c2);
               if (c2 == sf.jia_fa(a, b)) {
                   sum += 10;
                   System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
               }
               else {
                   System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
               }
               
               break ;
           case 4:
               System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"=");
               int c3 = in.nextInt();
               output.println(a+"-"+b+"="+c3);
               if (c3 == sf.jian_fa(a, b)) {
                   sum += 10;
                   System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
               }
               else {
                   System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
               }
               break ;

               } 
    
          }
        System.out.println("成绩"+sum);
        output.println("成绩:"+sum);
        output.close();
         
    }
}
package 算术题;

public class sf 
{
       private int a;
       private int b;
        public int  jia_fa(int a,int b)
        {
            return a+b;
        }
        public int   jian_fa(int a,int b)
        {
            if((a-b)<0)
                return 0;
            else
            return a-b;
        }
        public int   chen_fa(int a,int b)
        {
            return a*b;
        }
        public int   chu_fa(int a,int b)
        {
            if(b!=0)
            return a/b;    
            else
        return 0;
        }

        
}

实验4:断言、日志、程序调试技巧验证实验。

实验程序1:

//断言程序示例
public class AssertDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {        
        test1(-5);
        test2(-3);
    }
    
    private static void test1(int a){
        assert a > 0;
        System.out.println(a);
    }
    private static void test2(int a){
       assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0";
        System.out.println(a);
    }
}

1.在elipse下调试程序AssertDemo,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

2.注释语句test1(-5);后重新运行程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

3.掌握断言的使用特点及用法。

package stackTrace;
//断言程序示例
public class AssertDemo {
  public static void main(String[] args) {        
//      test1(-5);
      test2(-3);
  }
  
  private static void test1(int a){
      assert a > 0;
      System.out.println(a);
  }
  private static void test2(int a){
     assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0";
      System.out.println(a);
  }
}

结果如下:

实验程序2:

1.用JDK命令调试运行教材298页-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

2.并掌握Java日志系统的用途及用法。

程序如下:

package logging;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.logging.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A modification of the image viewer program that logs various events.
 * @version 1.03 2015-08-20
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class LoggingImageViewer
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      if (System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.class") == null
            && System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file") == null)
      {
         try
         {
            Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").setLevel(Level.ALL);
            final int LOG_ROTATION_COUNT = 10;
            Handler handler = new FileHandler("%h/LoggingImageViewer.log", 0, LOG_ROTATION_COUNT);
            Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(handler);
         }
         catch (IOException e)
         {
            Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").log(Level.SEVERE,
                  "Can't create log file handler", e);
         }
      }

      EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
            {
               Handler windowHandler = new WindowHandler();
               windowHandler.setLevel(Level.ALL);
               Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(windowHandler);

               JFrame frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
               frame.setTitle("LoggingImageViewer");
               frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

               Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").fine("Showing frame");
               frame.setVisible(true);
            });
   }
}

/**
 * The frame that shows the image.
 */
class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;   

   private JLabel label;
   private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava");

   public ImageViewerFrame()
   {
      logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");      
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

      // set up menu bar
      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);

      JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
      menuBar.add(menu);

      JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
      menu.add(openItem);
      openItem.addActionListener(new FileOpenListener());

      JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
      menu.add(exitItem);
      exitItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               logger.fine("Exiting.");
               System.exit(0);
            }
         });

      // use a label to display the images
      label = new JLabel();
      add(label);
      logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");
   }

   private class FileOpenListener implements ActionListener
   {
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed", event);

         // set up file chooser
         JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
         chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));

         // accept all files ending with .gif
         chooser.setFileFilter(new javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter()
            {
               public boolean accept(File f)
               {
                  return f.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".gif") || f.isDirectory();
               }

               public String getDescription()
               {
                  return "GIF Images";
               }
            });

         // show file chooser dialog
         int r = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this);

         // if image file accepted, set it as icon of the label
         if (r == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
         {
            String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();
            logger.log(Level.FINE, "Reading file {0}", name);
            label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
         }
         else logger.fine("File open dialog canceled.");
         logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed");
      }
   }
}

/**
 * A handler for displaying log records in a window.
 */
class WindowHandler extends StreamHandler
{
   private JFrame frame;

   public WindowHandler()
   {
      frame = new JFrame();
      final JTextArea output = new JTextArea();
      output.setEditable(false);
      frame.setSize(200, 200);
      frame.add(new JScrollPane(output));
      frame.setFocusableWindowState(false);
      frame.setVisible(true);
      setOutputStream(new OutputStream()
         {
            public void write(int b)
            {
            } // not called

            public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
            {
               output.append(new String(b, off, len));
            }
         });
   }

   public void publish(LogRecord record)
   {
      if (!frame.isVisible()) return;
      super.publish(record);
      flush();
   }
}

 

实验总结:

通过这个周的学习,我接触了java异常处理技术,了解断言的用法和日志的用途,还了解了程序基础调试技巧;不过都只是很浅显的了解到了,仍然还有很多不太懂的地方,还需要多看书多练习。编程能力可以说是很糟糕了,没有网上资料的借鉴自己独立根本完成不了,还需要多多联系。在之后的学习中需要更加的努力认真。

 

posted @ 2018-10-28 13:06  如果优质豺狼它英勇披上婚纱  阅读(137)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报