powershell@别名@命令异常排查@对象属性查询
文章目录
-
powershell 的cmdlet名字大多比较长,如果使用别名的话可以提高效率
-
由于powershell 不区分大小写,所以默认在搜索相关命令的时候不区分大小写
get-alias
查询别名的全名
-
默认情况下,该命令根据别名来查找命令(函数)的原名(Definition)
-
PS D:\repos\scripts> help gal NAME Get-Alias SYNOPSIS Gets the aliases for the current session. DESCRIPTION The `Get-Alias` cmdlet gets the aliases in the current session. This includes built-in aliases, aliases that you have set or imported, and aliases that you have added to your PowerShell profile. By default, `Get-Alias` takes an alias and returns the command name. When you use the Definition parameter, `Get-Alias` takes a command name and returns its aliases.
查询全名的别名
-
-Definitoin -
PARAMETERS -Definition <System.String[]> Gets the aliases for the specified item. Enter the name of a cmdlet, function, script, file, or executable file. This parameter is called Definition , because it searches for the item name in the Definition property of the alias object. Required? false Position? named Default value None Accept pipeline input? False Accept wildcard characters? true -
例:
Get-Alias -Definition Get-ChildItem-
PS D:\repos\scripts> gal -Definition Get-ChildItem CommandType Name Version Source ----------- ---- ------- ------ Alias dir -> Get-ChildItem Alias gci -> Get-ChildItem Alias ls -> Get-ChildItem -
------------- Example 3: Get aliases for a cmdlet ------------- Get-Alias -Definition Get-ChildItem This command gets the aliases for the `Get-ChildItem` cmdlet. By default, the `Get-Alias` cmdlet gets the item name when you know the alias. The Definition parameter gets the alias when you know the item name.
-
小结
help get-aliashelp get-alias -exampleshelp gal -examples- get-alias 支持双向查询别名
get -Name根据别名查询原命令get -Definition根据原命令查询别名配置情况get-alias(gal)返回的对象分析
PS D:\repos\learnPwsh> gal|gm
TypeName: System.Management.Automation.AliasInfo
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Equals Method bool Equals(System.…
GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode()
GetType Method type GetType()
ResolveParameter Method System.Management.A…
ToString Method string ToString()
...
Source Property string Source {get;}
Version Property version Version {ge…
Visibility Property System.Management.A…
DisplayName ScriptProperty System.Object Displ…
HelpUri ScriptProperty System.Object HelpU…
ResolvedCommandName ScriptProperty System.Object Resol…
获取alias相关的命令的别名
Get-Alias -Definition *alias*
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
Alias epal -> Export-Alias
Alias gal -> Get-Alias
Alias ipal -> Import-Alias
Alias nal -> New-Alias
Alias sal -> Set-Alias
Alias setAlias -> Set-Alias
看到get-Alias配置了别名gal
所以之后我们直到可以用gal来代替get-alias
好,现在我们利用已经获得的知识去查询经常使用的命令的别名配置情况
例如select-object,where-object,sort-object
根据原命令名查找可能存在的别名
-Definition参数
PS C:\Users\cxxu\Desktop\tes> gal -Definition where*
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
Alias ? -> Where-Object
Alias where -> Where-Object
PS C:\Users\cxxu\Desktop\tes> gal -Definition *select*
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
Alias select -> Select-Object
Alias sls -> Select-String
PS C:\Users\cxxu\Desktop\tes> gal -Definition *sort*
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
Alias sort -> Sort-Object
PS C:\Users\cxxu\Desktop\tes> gal -Definition *member*
CommandType Name Version Source
----------- ---- ------- ------
Alias gm -> Get-Member
现用查询到的别名,来做一个信息(列)筛选
PS C:\Users\cxxu\Desktop\tes> gal -Definition *alias* | select DisplayName|Format-Table
DisplayName
-----------
epal -> Export-Alias
gal -> Get-Alias
ipal -> Import-Alias
nal -> New-Alias
sal -> Set-Alias
setAlias -> Set-Alias
这里可以提一下获取对象(真实(完整)属性)的若干方法
获取对象属性@函数的若干方法
- 获取对象完整的属性和对象方法
PS C:\Users\cxxu\Desktop\tes> gal -Definition *alias*|select -First 1|select *
HelpUri : https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=2096597
ResolvedCommandName : Export-Alias
DisplayName : epal -> Export-Alias
ReferencedCommand : Export-Alias
ResolvedCommand : Export-Alias
Definition : Export-Alias
Options : ReadOnly
Description :
OutputType : {System.Management.Automation.AliasInfo}
Name : epal
CommandType : Alias
Source :
Version :
Visibility : Public
ModuleName :
Module :
RemotingCapability : PowerShell
Parameters : {[Path, System.Management.Automation.ParameterMetadata],
[LiteralPath, System.Management.Automation.ParameterMetadata],
[Name, System.Management.Automation.ParameterMetadata], [PassThru,
System.Management.Automation.ParameterMetadata]…}
ParameterSets :
- 这中方法的一个好处,可以看到属性以及相应的取值的实例,帮助您更好的把握属性的含义.
- 当然,还不清楚某些相像的属性的区别,可以利用
get-member(gm)这样做
PS C:\Users\cxxu\Desktop\tes> gal -Definition *member*|gm
TypeName: System.Management.Automation.AliasInfo
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Equals Method bool Equals(System.Object obj)
GetHashCode Method int GetHashCode()
GetType Method type GetType()
ResolveParameter Method System.Management.Automation.ParameterMetadata Resolve…
ToString Method string ToString()
CommandType Property System.Management.Automation.CommandTypes CommandType …
Definition Property string Definition {get;}
Description Property string Description {get;set;}
Module Property psmoduleinfo Module {get;}
ModuleName Property string ModuleName {get;}
....(我节约篇幅,做了删节)
DisplayName ScriptProperty System.Object DisplayName {get=if ($this.Name.IndexOf(…
HelpUri ScriptProperty System.Object HelpUri {get=$oldProgressPreference = $P…
ResolvedCommandName ScriptProperty System.Object ResolvedCommandName {get=$this.ResolvedC…
- 这包含了属性/方法的解释
查询函数@命令/别名@gcm
-
PS D:\> gcm *env* CommandType Name Version Source ----------- ---- ------- ------ Alias etenv -> Enter-CondaEnvironment 0.0 Conda Alias exenv -> Exit-CondaEnvironment 0.0 Conda Alias genv -> Get-CondaEnvironment 0.0 Conda Function add-env 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function backupEnvs_regeditPrintPath 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function cxxuAli_update_alias_envs_vimrc 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function Django_env_Home 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function Enter-CondaEnvironment 0.0 Conda Function envAll 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function envInPath 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function EnvironmentRequireTips 0.0 functionsByCxxu -
还可以进行排序或过滤或分组
-
PS D:\> gcm *env*|where CommandType -eq Alias CommandType Name Version Source ----------- ---- ------- ------ Alias etenv -> Enter-CondaEnvironment 0.0 Conda Alias exenv -> Exit-CondaEnvironment 0.0 Conda Alias genv -> Get-CondaEnvironment 0.0 Conda -
PS C:\Users\cxxu> gcm *env*|where CommandType -like fun* CommandType Name Version Source ----------- ---- ------- ------ Function add-env 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function backupEnvs_regeditPrintPath 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function cxxuAli_update_alias_envs_vimrc 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function Django_env_Home 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function Enter-CondaEnvironment 0.0 Conda Function envAll 0.0 functionsByCxxu
-
-
例:按命令来源排序
-
PS C:\Users\cxxu> gcm *git*|sort Source CommandType Name Version Source ----------- ---- ------- ------ Alias gitBash -> git-cmd.exe 0.0 Aliases Alias gitCmdShell -> git-cmd.exe 0.0 Aliases Application UevTemplateConfigItemGenerator.exe 0.0.0.0 C:\WINDOWS\system32\UevTemplateConfigIte… Application git.exe 2.34.1.1 D:\exes\PortableGit\bin\git.exe Application git-bash.exe 2.34.1.1 D:\exes\portableGit\git-bash.exe Application git-cmd.exe 2.34.1.1 D:\exes\portableGit\git-cmd.exe Function checkGitReports 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function git_proxy_set 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function git_initial_email_name 0.0 functionsByCxxu
-
-
筛选后排序
PS C:\Users\cxxu> gcm *git*|where {$_.Name -Like "*git*"}|sort CommandType CommandType Name Version Source ----------- ---- ------- ------ Alias gitBash -> git-cmd.exe 0.0 Aliases Alias gitCmdShell -> git-cmd.exe 0.0 Aliases Function git_proxy_set 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function git_initial_email_name 0.0 functionsByCxxu Function git_clone_shallow 0.0 functionsByCxxu
只查询别名
- 那么可以直接使用
gal,更加专注别名类型(Alias),而不会牵扯到函数
命令异常排查
-
例:
- 由于我修改了系统环境变量,使得原来工作良好的别名变得不可用
PS D:\repos\scripts> pdfxeditor pdfxeditor: The module '%pdfTools%' could not be loaded. For more information, run 'Import-Module %pdfTools%'.- 这个错误提示不太具体,尝试以下命令
-
使用
help <command>或gcm <command>|fl查询情况-
PS D:\repos\scripts> help pdfxeditor Name : pdfxeditor Category : Alias Synopsis : %pdfTools%\pdfxeditor_cracked\pdfxedit Component : Role : Functionality : PS D:\repos\scripts> gcm pdfxeditor|fl DisplayName : pdfxeditor -> %pdfTools%\pdfxeditor_cracked\pdfxedit CommandType : Alias Definition : %pdfTools%\pdfxeditor_cracked\pdfxedit ReferencedCommand : ResolvedCommand :- 根据描述可知(Category/CommandType),因该是Alias(别名)出现了问题
- 于是我打开powershell配置文件修改了相关的错误
- 原来是该软件所在家目录环境变量被删除,而别名的路径引用了这个环境变量
- 现在可以考虑将变量添加回去,或者直接创建一个不依赖于系统变量的别名,比如用绝对路径或者参考linux中bash配置文件的做法,单独创建一个存储别名的文件来同一管理环境变量或别名的导入操作
-
浙公网安备 33010602011771号