实验四

 

实验任务一

1.1

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 4

int main(){
    int a[N] = {2,0,2,3};
    char b[N] = {'2','0','2','3'};
    int i;
    
    printf("sizeof(int) = %d\n",sizeof(int));
    printf("sizeof(char) = %d\n",sizeof(char));
    printf("\n");
    
    
    for (i = 0;i < N;++i)
        printf("%p:%d\n",&a[i],a[i]);
    
    printf("\n");
    
    
    for (i = 0;i < N;++i)
        printf("%p:%c\n",&b[i],b[i]);
    
    printf("\n");
    
    
    printf("a = %p\n",a);
    printf("b = %p\n",b);
    
    return 0;
} 

1.连续存放，每个元素占四个字节

2.连续存放，每个元素占一个字节

3.一样

 

 

1.2

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 2
#define N 3

int main(){
    int a[N][M] = {{1,2,3},{4,5,6}};
    char b[N][M] = {{'1','2','3'},{'4','5','6'}};
    int i,j;
    
    
    for (i = 0;i < N;++i)
        for (j = 0;j < N;++j)
             printf("%p:%d\n",&a[i][j],a[i][j]);
    
    printf("\n");
       
    
    printf("a = %p\n",a);
    printf("a[0] = %p\n",a[0]);
    printf("a[1] = %p\n",a[1]);
    printf("\n");
    
    
    
    for (i = 0;i < N;++i)
        for (j = 0;j < N;++j)
             printf("%p:%c\n",&b[i][j],b[i][j]);
    printf("\n");
    
    
    printf("b = %p\n",b);
    printf("b[0] = %p\n",b[0]);
    printf("b[1] = %p\n",b[1]);
    printf("\n");

    return 0;
} 

 

1.按行连续存放，占四个字节

2.一样的

3.按行连续存放，占一个字节

4.一样的

5.分别是a，b[0][0]和a,b[1][0]的值

 

 

 

实验任务二

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

#define N 80

void swap_str(char s1[N],char s2[N]);
void test1();
void test2();

int main(){
    printf("测试1：用两个一维维数组，实现两个字符串交换\n");
    test1();
    
    printf("\n测试：用二维数组，实现两个字符串交换\n");
    test2();
    
    return 0;    
}

void test1(){
    char views1[N] = "hey,C,I hate u.";
    char views2[N] = "hey,C,I love u.";
    
    printf("交换前：\n");
    puts(views1);
    puts(views2);
    
    swap_str(views1,views2);
    
    printf("交换后：\n");
    puts(views1);
    puts(views2);
}

void test2(){
    char views[2][N] ={"hey,C,I hate u.", "hey,C,I love u."} ;
    
    printf("交换前：\n");
    puts(views[0]);
    puts(views[1]);
    
    swap_str(views[0],views[1]);
    
    printf("交换后：\n");
    puts(views[0]);
    puts(views[1]);

}
void swap_str(char s1[N],char s2[N]){
    char tmp[N];
    
    strcpy(tmp,s1);
    strcpy(s1,s2);
    strcpy(s2,tmp);
}

二维数组的行在交换前已被固定，相当于一维数组

实验任务三

3.1

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 80

int count(char x[]);

int main() {
    char words[N+1];
    int n;

    while(gets(words) != NULL) {
        n = count(words);
        printf("单词数: %d\n\n", n);
    }

    return 0;
}

int count(char x[]) {
    int i;
    int word_flag = 0;  
    int number = 0;  

    for(i = 0; x[i] != '\0'; i++) {
        if(x[i] == ' ')
            word_flag = 0;
        else if(word_flag == 0) {
            word_flag = 1;
            number++;
        }
    }

    return number;
}

3.2

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 1000

int main() {
    char line[N];
    int word_len;  
    int max_len;   
    int end;      
    int i;

    while(gets(line) != NULL) {
        word_len = 0;
        max_len = 0;
        end = 0;

        i = 0;
        while(1) {
            while(line[i] == ' ') {
                word_len = 0;  
                i++;
            }

            while(line[i] != '\0' && line[i] != ' ') {
                word_len++;
                i++;
            }
        
            if(max_len < word_len) {
                max_len = word_len;
                end = i;  
            }

            if(line[i] == '\0')
                break;
        }

        printf("最长单词: ");
        for(i = end - max_len; i < end; ++i)
            printf("%c", line[i]);
        printf("\n\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

实验任务四

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 5

void input(int x[], int n);
void output(int x[], int n);
double average(int x[], int n);
void bubble_sort(int x[], int n);

int main(){
    int scores[N];
    double ave;
    
    printf("录入%d个分数：\n", N);
    input(scores, N);
    
    printf("\n输出课程的分数：\n");
    output(scores, N);
    
    printf("\n课程分数处理：计算均分、排序...\n");
    ave=average(scores, N);
    bubble_sort(scores, N);
    
    printf("\n输出课程均分：%.2f\n",ave);
    printf("\n输出课程分数（高-->低）：\n");
    output(scores, N);
    
    return 0;
}


//保存
 void input(int x[], int n){
     int i;
     
     for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
     scanf("%d", &x[i]);
 }
 
 //输出
  void output(int x[], int n){
      int i;
      
      for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
      printf("%d ", x[i]);
      printf("\n");
  }
  
 //平均
 double average(int x[], int n){
     int i;
     int sum=0;
     double ave;
     for(i = 0;i < n; i++){
         sum=sum+x[i];
     }
     ave=sum/n;
     
     return ave;
 } 
 
 //排序 
 void bubble_sort(int x[], int n){
     int i,t,j;
     for(i = 0; i < n ; i++){
         for(j = i; j < n; j++) 
         if(x[i] < x[j+1]){
             t = x[i];
             x[i] = x[j+1];
             x[j+1] = t;
         }
     }
 }

实验任务五

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 100
void dec2n(int x, int n); 
char hhh(int y);


int main() {
    int x;

    printf("输入一个十进制整数: ");
    while(scanf("%d", &x) != EOF) {
        dec2n(x, 2);  // 函数调用: 把x转换成二进制输出
        dec2n(x, 8);  // 函数调用: 把x转换成八进制输出
        dec2n(x, 16); // 函数调用: 把x转换成十六进制输出

        printf("\n输入一个十进制整数: ");
    }

    return 0;
}

void dec2n(int x, int n){
    int i=0,j=0;
    int a[N]={0};
    while(x){
        a[i]=x%n;
        x/=n;
        i++;
        
    }
    for(j=i-1;j>=0;j--){
        if(a[j]<0){
            return;
        }
        else if(a[j]>=0&&a[j]<10)
        {
            printf("%d",a[j]);
            
        }
        else
        {
            printf("%c",hhh(a[j]));
            
        }
    }
    printf("\n");
}

char hhh(int y){
    int i=0;
    i=y-10;
    return 'A'+i;
    
}

实验任务六

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 100
#define M 4
void output(int x[][N],int n);
void rotate_to_right(int x[][N],int n);
int main()
{
    int t[][N]={{1,2,3,4},
                {5,6,7,8},
                {9,10,11,12},
                {13,14,15,16}};
    printf("原始矩阵：\n");
    output(t,M);
    rotate_to_right(t,M);
    printf("变换后矩阵：\n");
    output(t,M);
    return 0;
}
void output(int x[][N],int n)
{
    int i,j;
    for(i=0;i<n;++i)
    {
        for(j=0;j<n;++j)
            printf("%4d",x[i][j]);
        printf("\n");
    }
}
void rotate_to_right(int x[][N],int n)
{
    int i,j,y[n];
    for(i=0;i<n;++i)
        y[i]=x[i][n-1];
    for(i=0;i<n;++i)
    {
        for(j=n-1;j>=1;--j)
                x[i][j]=x[i][j-1];
        x[i][0]=y[i];
    }    
}

实验任务七

7.1

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 80
void replace(char x[],char old_char,char new_char);

int main(){
    char text[N]="c programming is difficult or not,it is a question.";
    
    printf("原始文本：");
    printf("%s\n",text);
    
    replace(text,'i','*');
    
    printf("处理后文本：");
    printf("%s\n",text);
    
    return 0;
} 

void replace(char x[],char old_char,char new_char){
    int i;
    
    for(i=0;x[i]!='\0';i++)
        if(x[i]==old_char)
            x[i]=new_char;
}

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 80

int main() {
    char str[N], ch;
    int i;

    printf("输入字符串: ");
    gets(str);

    printf("输入一个字符: ");
    ch = getchar();

    printf("截断处理......");

    i = 0;
    while (str[i] != '\0') {
        if (str[i] == ch)
            break;

        i++;
    }
    str[i] = '\0';

    printf("\n截断处理后字符串: %s\n", str);

    #include <stdio.h#include <string.

#define N 5
#define M 20

void bubble_sort(char str[][M], int n); 

int main() {
    char name[][M] = {"Bob", "Bill", "Joseph", "Taylor", "George"};
    int i;

    printf("输出初始名单:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
        printf("%s\n", name[i]);

    printf("\n排序中...\n")；
    bubble_sort(name, N);  

    printf("\n按字典序输出名单:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
        printf("%s\n", name[i]);

    return 0;
}

void bubble_sort(char str[][M], int n)
{
    char temp[M];
    int i, j;
    
    for(i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
        for(j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; j++)
            if(strcmp(str[j], str[j + 1]) > 0)
            {
                strcpy(temp, str[j]);
                strcpy(str[j], str[j + 1]);
                strcpy(str[j + 1], temp);
            }
}