小白学习django第六站-http相关
请求与相应
HttpRequest对象API
def home(request): print('path:', request.path) print('mothod:', request.method) print('encoding:', request.encoding) print('GET:', request.GET) print('POST:', request.POST) print('FILES', request.FILES) print('COOKIES:', request.COOKIES) print('session:', request.session) print('is_ajax:', request.is_ajax()) path: /blog1/home/ mothod: GET encoding: None GET: <QueryDict: {}> POST: <QueryDict: {}> FILES <MultiValueDict: {}> COOKIES: {'csrftoken': 'xnjakTTg7c8cy6pnyZzgKg8fkyXkMBcl3LXCnMeQC8n4oLIByU0U6Pr3DGCRj6EO', 'sessionid': '7it5s9n3zn8or27i9kxqiewjiq6rvjfb'} session: <django.contrib.sessions.backends.db.SessionStore object at 0x7fbcd958f9e8> is_ajax: False
views.py
def index(request): print(request.path) # 请求路径 print(request.method) # 请求方法 print(request.encoding) # 编码格式 # return HttpResponse('1111') return render(request, 'blog/get_post_test.html') def get_text(request): # if request.method == 'GET': # return render(request, 'blog/get_post_test.html') # elif request.method == 'POST': a = request.GET.get('a') b = request.GET.get('b') print(a, b) return HttpResponse('xxxxxxxx') def post_text(request): if request.method == 'GET': return render(request, 'blog/get_post_test.html') elif request.method == 'POST': a = request.POST.getlist('a') # getlist 一键多值 # a = request.POST.get('a') # b = request.POST.get('b') # print(a, b) print(a) return HttpResponse('xxxxxxxx')
html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {#<form action="" method="get">#} {% csrf_token %} {# 防止跨域请求 #} <input type="text" name="a" id="a"> <input type="text" name="a" id="b"> <input type="submit" value="提交" id="c"> </form> </body> </html>
类视图
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, reverse from django.http import HttpResponse from .models import BlogModle2 from django.views import View # Create your views here. class BlogIndex(View): def get(self, request): return render(request, 'blog/demo_index.html') class BlogAdd(View): def get(self, request): return render(request, 'blog/demo_add.html') def post(self, request): title = request.POST.get('title') content = request.POST.get('content') blog = BlogModle2(title=title, content=content) blog.save() return render(request, 'blog/demo_add.html') class BlogList(View): def get(self, request): blog_list = BlogModle2.objects.all() return render(request, 'blog/demo_list.html', context={'blog_list': blog_list}) class BlogDetail(View): def get(self, request, blog_id): blog = BlogModle2.objects.get(id=blog_id) return render(request, 'blog/demo_detail.html', context={'blog': blog}) class BlogDelete(View): def get(self, request, blog_id): blog = BlogModle2.objects.get(id=blog_id) if blog: blog.delete() return redirect(reverse('blog_list')) else: return HttpResponse('不存在这条博客') class BlogEdit(View): def get(self, request, blog_id): blog = BlogModle2.objects.get(id=blog_id) return render(request, 'blog/demo_add.html', context={'blog': blog}) def post(self, request, blog_id): blog = BlogModle2.objects.get(id=blog_id) blog.title = request.POST.get('title') blog.content = request.POST.get('content') blog.save() return redirect(reverse('blog_list'))
urls.py
path('index/', views.BlogIndex.as_view(), name='blog_index'), path('add/', views.BlogAdd.as_view(), name='blog_add'), path('list/', views.BlogList.as_view(), name='blog_list'), path('detail/<blog_id>', views.BlogDetail.as_view(), name='blog_detail'), path('delete/<blog_id>', views.BlogDelete.as_view(), name='blog_delete'), path('edit/<blog_id>', views.BlogEdit.as_view(), name='blog_edit'),
文件上传
先在settings.py设置路径
创建文件夹
编写views.py
import os from mysite.settings import MEDIA_ROOT class Upload_file(View): def get(self, request): return render(request, 'blog/file.html') def post(self, request): # f1 = request.FILES['file'] f1 = request.FILES.get('file') f1_name = os.path.join(MEDIA_ROOT, f1.name) with open(f1_name, 'wb') as f: for i in f1.chunks(): f.write(i) return HttpResponse('上传成功')
html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> {% csrf_token %} <input type="file" name="file"> <input type="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
HttpResponse对象
属性
def index(request): response = HttpResponse('1111') print(response.content) print(response.status_code) print(response.charset) return response
方法
设置cookie
# 设置cookie import datetime def set_cookie(request): response = HttpResponse('设置cookie') response.write('我是写入进去的') # response.set_cookie('name', 'ing', max_age=100) # 设置多少秒之后过期 response.set_cookie('name', 'ing', expires=datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 6)) # 设置过期日期 return response def get_cookie(request): cookie = request.COOKIES print(cookie.get('name')) return HttpResponse('获取cookie') def delete_cookie(request): rs = HttpResponse("删除cookie") rs.delete_cookie('name') return rs
返回json数据
登录案例，设置session,需要先执行makemigrations， migrate
def home(request): # 主页 a = 1 # b = a + '1' print('只是我视图函数在调用') username = request.session.get('username', '未登录') return render(request, 'form_test/home.html', context={'username': username}) class LoginTest(View): # 登录 def get(self, request): return render(request, 'form_test/login.html') def post(self, request): username = request.POST.get('username') request.session['username'] = username # 字典传值， 会存到数据库 request.session.set_expiry(None) # 设置过期时间， 默认两周 print(request.session) return redirect(reverse('home')) def login_out(request): # 登出 request.session.flush() # 清除会话数据 return redirect(reverse('home'))
settings中设置
# 是否关闭浏览器使得session过期，默认False # SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = False # 是否每次请求都保存session，默认修改之后保存 # SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST = False # session的cookie失效日期，默认两周 # SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 1209600
创建models.py模型
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class UserModel(models.Model): username = models.CharField(max_length=30, unique=True) password = models.CharField(max_length=100) email = models.EmailField()
django form表单的使用，登录注册案例
views.py
from .models import UserModel from .forms import RegisterForm, LoginForm class Register(View): def get(self, request): form = RegisterForm() # 实例化一个表单实例 return render(request, 'form_test/register.html', context={'form': form}) def post(self, request): form = RegisterForm(request.POST) # 获取form表单的数据 if form.is_valid(): # 验证数据是否合法 username = form.cleaned_data.get('username') # 拿数据 password = form.cleaned_data.get('password') password_repeat = form.cleaned_data.get('password_repeat') email = form.cleaned_data.get('email') if password == password_repeat: UserModel.objects.create(username=username, password=password, email=email) return HttpResponse('注册成功') else: return HttpResponse('注册失败') else: return HttpResponse('两次密码不一致') class Login(View): def get(self, request): form =LoginForm() # 先获得表单实例 return render(request, 'form_test/login.html', context={'form': form}) def post(self, request): form = LoginForm(request.POST) # 获取发送的请求值 if form.is_valid(): # 检测数据是否合法 username = form.cleaned_data.get('username') password = form.cleaned_data.get('password') user = UserModel.objects.filter(username=username, password=password) if user: request.session['username'] = username return redirect(reverse('home')) else: return redirect(reverse('register')) else: return HttpResponse('登录失败')
forms.py
from django import forms # 可以验证也可以生成前端代码 class RegisterForm(forms.Form): # 注册表单 username = forms.CharField(max_length=30, min_length=6) password = forms.CharField(max_length=30, min_length=6, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': '请输入密码'})) password_repeat = forms.CharField(max_length=30, min_length=6, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': '请输入密码'})) email = forms.EmailField() class LoginForm(forms.Form): # 登录表单 username = forms.CharField(max_length=30, min_length=6, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder': '请输入用户名'})) password = forms.CharField(max_length=30, min_length=6, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': '请输入密码'}))
html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} {# <input type="text" name="username">#} <input type="submit" value="登录"> </form> </body> </html> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="注册"> </form> {{ username }} </body> </html>
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