6.10 综合能力实训

Java 课堂学习笔记

一、项目介绍

基于 Vue3 + Vue Router 4 开发微头条单页应用，实现登录校验、路由跳转、动态发布 / 点赞 / 删除、退出登录功能。

二、模块详情

1. 根组件 src/App.vue

介绍：项目根组件，提供路由出口，用于渲染路由匹配的页面。

<template>
  <div class="login-container">
    <div class="login-card">
      <div class="brand">
        <div class="brand-icon">📰</div>
        <h1>微头条</h1>
        <p>登录后，发现更多精彩</p>
      </div>

      <div class="form">
        <div class="input-group">
          <input 
            type="text" 
            v-model="username" 
            placeholder="用户名"
            class="input"
          />
        </div>
        <div class="input-group">
          <input 
            type="password" 
            v-model="password" 
            placeholder="密码"
            class="input"
          />
        </div>

        <button class="btn-primary" @click="handleLogin">登录</button>
        <button class="btn-secondary" @click="clearForm">清空</button>

        <div class="links">
          <a href="#">忘记密码？</a>
          <span class="separator">·</span>
          <a href="#">注册账号</a>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'

const username = ref('')
const password = ref('')
const router = useRouter()

const handleLogin = () => {
  if (username.value === 'weibotiao' && password.value === '123456') {
    localStorage.setItem('token', 'fake-token')
    router.push('/home')
  } else {
    alert('用户名或密码错误')
  }
}

const clearForm = () => {
  username.value = ''
  password.value = ''
}
</script>

<style scoped>
* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.login-container {
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  /* 冷调柔白渐变，无暖色 */
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #f0f4fa 0%, #e9eef4 100%);
  font-family: 'Inter', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  padding: 1.5rem;
}

.login-card {
  max-width: 440px;
  width: 100%;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  padding: 2.5rem 2rem;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 35px -12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05), 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.login-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 25px 40px -14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.brand {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.brand-icon {
  font-size: 3.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

h1 {
  font-size: 1.9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #1f2a3e; /* 深灰蓝，无棕 */
  letter-spacing: -0.3px;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.brand p {
  color: #6c7a8e;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.form {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.input-group {
  width: 100%;
}

.input {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0.9rem 1.2rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  border: 1px solid #dfe4ea;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  background: #ffffff;
  outline: none;
  transition: all 0.2s;
  font-family: inherit;
  color: #1f2a3e;
}

.input:focus {
  border-color: #8ba0bc;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(139, 160, 188, 0.15);
}

.input::placeholder {
  color: #9aabbf;
  font-weight: 400;
}

button {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0.85rem;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 3rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  font-family: inherit;
}

.btn-primary {
  background: #4b6e8a; /* 静谧蓝灰 */
  color: white;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(75, 110, 138, 0.15);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  background: #3a5a74;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(75, 110, 138, 0.2);
}

.btn-secondary {
  background: #f1f5f9;
  color: #3a5a74;
  border: 1px solid #dfe4ea;
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
  background: #e6edf4;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.links {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 1.2rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.links a {
  color: #7c8ba0;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.2s;
  font-weight: 450;
}

.links a:hover {
  color: #4b6e8a;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.separator {
  color: #cbd6e3;
}

/* 移动端适配 */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .login-card {
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
  }
  h1 {
    font-size: 1.7rem;
  }
}
</style>

2.2 首页 src/views/Home.vue

<template>
  <div class="home-container">
    <div class="home-card">
      <div class="header">
        <h2>📰 微头条 · 首页</h2>
        <button class="logout-btn" @click="logout">退出</button>
      </div>

      <div class="publish-area">
        <input 
          v-model="newTitle" 
          placeholder="写一个吸引人的标题..." 
          class="publish-input"
          @keyup.enter="addNews"
        />
        <button class="publish-btn" @click="addNews">
          ✨ 发布微头条
        </button>
      </div>

      <!-- 排序控件 -->
      <div class="sort-bar">
        <span class="sort-label">排序：</span>
        <button 
          class="sort-btn" 
          :class="{ active: sortOrder === 'desc' }"
          @click="sortOrder = 'desc'"
        >
          ⏬ 最新在前
        </button>
        <button 
          class="sort-btn" 
          :class="{ active: sortOrder === 'asc' }"
          @click="sortOrder = 'asc'"
        >
          ⏫ 最早在前
        </button>
      </div>

      <div class="news-list">
        <div v-if="sortedNewsList.length === 0" class="empty-state">
          <span class="empty-icon">📭</span>
          <p>暂无新闻，去发布第一条吧～</p>
        </div>
        <div v-for="item in sortedNewsList" :key="item.id" class="news-item">
          <h3>{{ item.title }}</h3>
          <div class="meta">
            <span class="time">🕒 {{ item.time }}</span>
          </div>
          <div class="content">{{ item.content }}</div>
          <div class="actions">
            <button class="delete-btn" @click="confirmDelete(item.id)">
              🗑️ 删除
            </button>
            <button class="like-btn" @click="likeNews(item.id)">
              👍 点赞 <span class="like-count" :class="{ 'liked-animation': likedId === item.id }">{{ item.likes }}</span>
            </button>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref, computed } from 'vue'
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'

const router = useRouter()

// 初始新闻数据（包含 timestamp 字段用于排序）
const newsList = ref([
  { 
    id: 1, 
    title: '微头条1.0 正式发布', 
    time: '2025-06-01 10:30', 
    content: '🎉 全新微头条平台上线，记录生活每一刻。', 
    likes: 3,
    timestamp: new Date(2025, 5, 1, 10, 30).getTime()
  },
  { 
    id: 2, 
    title: 'Vue3 学习心得', 
    time: '2025-06-02 14:15', 
    content: '组合式 API 真方便！分享给大家。', 
    likes: 7,
    timestamp: new Date(2025, 5, 2, 14, 15).getTime()
  }
])

let nextId = 3
const newTitle = ref('')
const likedId = ref(null)
const sortOrder = ref('desc') // 'desc': 最新在前, 'asc': 最早在前

// 计算属性：根据 sortOrder 排序后的列表
const sortedNewsList = computed(() => {
  const list = [...newsList.value]
  if (sortOrder.value === 'desc') {
    return list.sort((a, b) => b.timestamp - a.timestamp)
  } else {
    return list.sort((a, b) => a.timestamp - b.timestamp)
  }
})

const addNews = () => {
  if (!newTitle.value.trim()) return
  const now = new Date()
  newsList.value.unshift({
    id: nextId++,
    title: newTitle.value,
    time: now.toLocaleString(),
    content: '新鲜出炉的微头条，快来互动吧～',
    likes: 0,
    timestamp: now.getTime()
  })
  newTitle.value = ''
}

const confirmDelete = (id) => {
  if (confirm('确定要删除这条微头条吗？')) {
    deleteNews(id)
  }
}

const deleteNews = (id) => {
  newsList.value = newsList.value.filter(item => item.id !== id)
}

const likeNews = (id) => {
  const item = newsList.value.find(i => i.id === id)
  if (item) {
    item.likes++
    likedId.value = id
    setTimeout(() => { likedId.value = null }, 300)
  }
}

const logout = () => {
  localStorage.removeItem('token')
  router.push('/login')
}
</script>

<style scoped>
/* 样式部分（与上一版相同，仅增加 sort-bar 样式） */
* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.home-container {
  min-height: 100vh;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #f0f4fa 0%, #e9eef4 100%);
  font-family: 'Inter', 'Plus Jakarta Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.home-card {
  max-width: 800px;
  width: 100%;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
  border-radius: 2rem;
  padding: 2rem 2rem 2.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 15px 40px -12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.01);
  transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.home-card:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 20px 45px -14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
  border-bottom: 1.5px solid #eef2f6;
}

.header h2 {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #1f2a3e;
  letter-spacing: -0.3px;
}

.logout-btn {
  background: #f1f5f9;
  color: #3a5a74;
  border: 1px solid #dfe4ea;
  padding: 0.4rem 1.2rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  font-family: inherit;
}

.logout-btn:hover {
  background: #e6edf4;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.publish-area {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.publish-input {
  flex: 1;
  padding: 0.85rem 1.2rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  border: 1px solid #dfe4ea;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  background: #ffffff;
  outline: none;
  transition: all 0.2s;
  font-family: inherit;
  color: #1f2a3e;
}

.publish-input:focus {
  border-color: #8ba0bc;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(139, 160, 188, 0.2);
}

.publish-input::placeholder {
  color: #9aabbf;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.publish-btn {
  background: #4b6e8a;
  color: white;
  border: none;
  padding: 0.85rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  font-family: inherit;
  white-space: nowrap;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.3rem;
}

.publish-btn:hover {
  background: #3a5a74;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgba(75, 110, 138, 0.15);
}

/* 排序栏样式 */
.sort-bar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;
}

.sort-label {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: #6c7a8e;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.sort-btn {
  background: #f1f5f9;
  border: 1px solid #dfe4ea;
  padding: 0.3rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #4a5b6e;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s;
  font-family: inherit;
}

.sort-btn:hover {
  background: #e6edf4;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.sort-btn.active {
  background: #4b6e8a;
  border-color: #4b6e8a;
  color: white;
}

.news-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1.2rem;
}

.empty-state {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 3rem 2rem;
  background: #fafcff;
  border-radius: 1.5rem;
  border: 1px dashed #dce3ec;
  color: #8ba0bc;
}

.empty-icon {
  font-size: 3rem;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  opacity: 0.6;
}

.empty-state p {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.news-item {
  background: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border: 1px solid #eef2f6;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
}

.news-item:hover {
  border-color: #dce3ec;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 24px -16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.news-item h3 {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #1f2a3e;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.meta {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.time {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  color: #9aabbf;
  background: #f8fafd;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  display: inline-block;
}

.content {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: #4a5b6e;
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #f0f4fa;
  padding-top: 1rem;
}

.actions button {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 0.4rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 2rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
  font-family: inherit;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.delete-btn {
  color: #a0afc3;
  background: #f8fafd;
  border: 1px solid #eef2f6;
}

.delete-btn:hover {
  color: #e57373;
  background: #fff5f5;
  border-color: #ffcdd2;
}

.like-btn {
  color: #4b6e8a;
  background: #f1f5f9;
  border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}

.like-btn:hover {
  background: #e6edf4;
  color: #3a5a74;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.like-count {
  display: inline-block;
  min-width: 1.8rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.liked-animation {
  animation: likePop 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.2, 0.64, 1);
}

@keyframes likePop {
  0% { transform: scale(1); }
  50% { transform: scale(1.4); color: #e87c6e; }
  100% { transform: scale(1); }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .home-container {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  .home-card {
    padding: 1.5rem;
  }
  .header h2 {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }
  .publish-area {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  .publish-btn {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  .sort-bar {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  .news-item {
    padding: 1rem;
  }
  .actions button {
    padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
  }
}
</style>

2.3 src/router/index.js

import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
import Login from '../views/Login.vue'   // 路径根据你的实际位置调整
import Home from '../views/Home.vue'

const routes = [
  { path: '/login', component: Login },   // 登录页路由
  { path: '/home', component: Home },
  { path: '/', redirect: '/login' }       // 访问根路径自动跳转到登录页
]

const router = createRouter({
  history: createWebHistory(),
  routes
})

export default router

2.4 src/main.js

import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'

createApp(App).use(router).mount('#app')

2.5 src/App.vue

<template>
  <router-view />
</template>

2.6 运行结果

登录页面

首页