微软版的SqlHelper.cs类

一，微软SQLHelper.cs类 中文版：

using System; 
using System.Data; 
using System.Xml; 
using System.Data.SqlClient; 
using System.Collections;

namespace Classbao.Data
{
    /// <summary> 
    /// SqlServer数据访问帮助类 
    /// </summary> 
    public sealed partial class SqlHelper
    {
        #region 私有构造函数和方法

        private SqlHelper() { }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 将SqlParameter参数数组(参数值)分配给SqlCommand命令. 
        /// 这个方法将给任何一个参数分配DBNull.Value; 
        /// 该操作将阻止默认值的使用. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="command">命令名</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParameters数组</param> 
        private static void AttachParameters(SqlCommand command, SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (command == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("command");
            if (commandParameters != null)
            {
                foreach (SqlParameter p in commandParameters)
                {
                    if (p != null)
                    {
                        // 检查未分配值的输出参数,将其分配以DBNull.Value. 
                        if ((p.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput || p.Direction == ParameterDirection.Input) &&
                            (p.Value == null))
                        {
                            p.Value = DBNull.Value;
                        }
                        command.Parameters.Add(p);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 将DataRow类型的列值分配到SqlParameter参数数组. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">要分配值的SqlParameter参数数组</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">将要分配给存储过程参数的DataRow</param> 
        private static void AssignParameterValues(SqlParameter[] commandParameters, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if ((commandParameters == null) || (dataRow == null))
            {
                return;
            }

            int i = 0;
            // 设置参数值 
            foreach (SqlParameter commandParameter in commandParameters)
            {
                // 创建参数名称,如果不存在,只抛出一个异常. 
                if (commandParameter.ParameterName == null ||
                    commandParameter.ParameterName.Length <= 1)
                    throw new Exception(
                        string.Format("请提供参数{0}一个有效的名称{1}.", i, commandParameter.ParameterName));
                // 从dataRow的表中获取为参数数组中数组名称的列的索引. 
                // 如果存在和参数名称相同的列,则将列值赋给当前名称的参数. 
                if (dataRow.Table.Columns.IndexOf(commandParameter.ParameterName.Substring(1)) != -1)
                    commandParameter.Value = dataRow[commandParameter.ParameterName.Substring(1)];
                i++;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 将一个对象数组分配给SqlParameter参数数组. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">要分配值的SqlParameter参数数组</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">将要分配给存储过程参数的对象数组</param> 
        private static void AssignParameterValues(SqlParameter[] commandParameters, object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if ((commandParameters == null) || (parameterValues == null))
            {
                return;
            }

            // 确保对象数组个数与参数个数匹配,如果不匹配,抛出一个异常. 
            if (commandParameters.Length != parameterValues.Length)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("参数值个数与参数不匹配.");
            }

            // 给参数赋值 
            for (int i = 0, j = commandParameters.Length; i < j; i++)
            {
                // If the current array value derives from IDbDataParameter, then assign its Value property 
                if (parameterValues[i] is IDbDataParameter)
                {
                    IDbDataParameter paramInstance = (IDbDataParameter)parameterValues[i];
                    if (paramInstance.Value == null)
                    {
                        commandParameters[i].Value = DBNull.Value;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        commandParameters[i].Value = paramInstance.Value;
                    }
                }
                else if (parameterValues[i] == null)
                {
                    commandParameters[i].Value = DBNull.Value;
                }
                else
                {
                    commandParameters[i].Value = parameterValues[i];
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 预处理用户提供的命令,数据库连接/事务/命令类型/参数 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="command">要处理的SqlCommand</param> 
        /// <param name="connection">数据库连接</param> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的事务或者是null值</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本, 其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或都T-SQL命令文本</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">和命令相关联的SqlParameter参数数组,如果没有参数为'null'</param> 
        /// <param name="mustCloseConnection"><c>true</c> 如果连接是打开的,则为true,其它情况下为false.</param> 
        private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand command, SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, SqlParameter[] commandParameters, out bool mustCloseConnection)
        {
            if (command == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("command");
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText");

            // If the provided connection is not open, we will open it 
            if (connection.State != ConnectionState.Open)
            {
                mustCloseConnection = true;
                connection.Open();
            }
            else
            {
                mustCloseConnection = false;
            }

            // 给命令分配一个数据库连接. 
            command.Connection = connection;

            // 设置命令文本(存储过程名或SQL语句) 
            command.CommandText = commandText;

            // 分配事务 
            if (transaction != null)
            {
                if (transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
                command.Transaction = transaction;
            }

            // 设置命令类型. 
            command.CommandType = commandType;

            // 分配命令参数 
            if (commandParameters != null)
            {
                AttachParameters(command, commandParameters);
            }
            return;
        }

        #endregion 私有构造函数和方法结束

        #region ExecuteNonQuery命令

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接字符串,类型的SqlCommand. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本, 其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回命令影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接字符串,类型的SqlCommand.如果没有提供参数,不返回结果. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本, 其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParameter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回命令影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");

            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, commandType, commandText, commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接字符串的存储过程,将对象数组的值赋给存储过程参数, 
        /// 此方法需要在参数缓存方法中探索参数并生成参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 这个方法没有提供访问输出参数和返回值. 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, "PublishOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串/param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配到存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回受影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果存在参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从探索存储过程参数(加载到缓存)并分配给存储过程参数数组. 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // 没有参数情况下 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型(存储过程,命令文本或其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型(存储过程,命令文本或其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">T存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // Finally, execute the command 
            int retval = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

            // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            if (mustCloseConnection)
                connection.Close();
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,将对象数组的值赋给存储过程参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, "PublishOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行带事务的SqlCommand. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型(存储过程,命令文本或其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数/returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行带事务的SqlCommand(指定参数). 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型(存储过程,命令文本或其它.)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // 预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 执行 
            int retval = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

            // 清除参数集,以便再次使用. 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行带事务的SqlCommand(指定参数值). 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, trans, "PublishOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回受影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteNonQuery方法结束

        #region ExecuteDataset方法

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamters参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");

            // 创建并打开数据库连接对象,操作完成释放对象. 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                // 调用指定数据库连接字符串重载方法. 
                return ExecuteDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,直接提供参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值. 
        /// 示例: 
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从缓存中检索存储过程参数 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数分配值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,指定存储过程参数,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            // 预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 创建SqlDataAdapter和DataSet. 
            using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();

                // 填充DataSet. 
                da.Fill(ds);

                cmd.Parameters.Clear();

                if (mustCloseConnection)
                    connection.Close();

                return ds;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,指定参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输入参数和返回值. 
        /// 示例.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 比缓存中加载存储过程参数 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数分配值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定事务的命令,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteDataset(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定事务的命令,指定参数,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // 预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 创建 DataAdapter & DataSet 
            using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                da.Fill(ds);
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                return ds;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定事务的命令,指定参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输入参数和返回值. 
        /// 示例.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">事务</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数分配值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteDataset数据集命令结束

        #region ExecuteReader 数据阅读器

        /// <summary> 
        /// 枚举,标识数据库连接是由SqlHelper提供还是由调用者提供 
        /// </summary> 
        private enum SqlConnectionOwnership
        {
            /// <summary>由SqlHelper提供连接</summary> 
            Internal,
            /// <summary>由调用者提供连接</summary> 
            External
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的数据阅读器. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 如果是SqlHelper打开连接,当连接关闭DataReader也将关闭. 
        /// 如果是调用都打开连接,DataReader由调用都管理. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的事务,或者为 'null'</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParameters参数数组,如果没有参数则为'null'</param> 
        /// <param name="connectionOwnership">标识数据库连接对象是由调用者提供还是由SqlHelper提供</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        private static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, SqlParameter[] commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership connectionOwnership)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            // 创建命令 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            try
            {
                PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

                // 创建数据阅读器 
                SqlDataReader dataReader;

                if (connectionOwnership == SqlConnectionOwnership.External)
                {
                    dataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
                }
                else
                {
                    dataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                }

                // 清除参数,以便再次使用.. 
                // HACK: There is a problem here, the output parameter values are fletched 
                // when the reader is closed, so if the parameters are detached from the command 
                // then the SqlReader can磘 set its values. 
                // When this happen, the parameters can磘 be used again in other command. 
                bool canClear = true;
                foreach (SqlParameter commandParameter in cmd.Parameters)
                {
                    if (commandParameter.Direction != ParameterDirection.Input)
                        canClear = false;
                }

                if (canClear)
                {
                    cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                }

                return dataReader;
            }
            catch
            {
                if (mustCloseConnection)
                    connection.Close();
                throw;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的数据阅读器. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteReader(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的数据阅读器,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组(new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24))</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            SqlConnection connection = null;
            try
            {
                connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
                connection.Open();

                return ExecuteReader(connection, null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.Internal);
            }
            catch
            {
                // If we fail to return the SqlDatReader, we need to close the connection ourselves 
                if (connection != null) connection.Close();
                throw;
            }

        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的数据阅读器,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的数据阅读器. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteReader(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [调用者方式]执行指定数据库连接对象的数据阅读器,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            return ExecuteReader(connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.External);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [调用者方式]执行指定数据库连接对象的数据阅读器,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">T存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [调用者方式]执行指定数据库事务的数据阅读器,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteReader(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [调用者方式]执行指定数据库事务的数据阅读器,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///   SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            return ExecuteReader(transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.External);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [调用者方式]执行指定数据库事务的数据阅读器,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteReader数据阅读器

        #region ExecuteScalar 返回结果集中的第一行第一列

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // 执行参数为空的方法 
            return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,指定参数,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            // 创建并打开数据库连接对象,操作完成释放对象. 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                // 调用指定数据库连接字符串重载方法. 
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, commandType, commandText, commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,指定参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // 执行参数为空的方法 
            return ExecuteScalar(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,指定参数,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 执行SqlCommand命令,并返回结果. 
            object retval = cmd.ExecuteScalar();

            // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();

            if (mustCloseConnection)
                connection.Close();

            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,指定参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // 执行参数为空的方法 
            return ExecuteScalar(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,指定参数,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 执行SqlCommand命令,并返回结果. 
            object retval = cmd.ExecuteScalar();

            // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,指定参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // PPull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteScalar

        #region ExecuteXmlReader XML阅读器 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句 using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // 执行参数为空的方法 
            return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句 using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            try
            {
                PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

                // 执行命令 
                XmlReader retval = cmd.ExecuteXmlReader();

                // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();

                return retval;
            }
            catch
            {
                if (mustCloseConnection)
                    connection.Close();
                throw;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称 using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句 using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // 执行参数为空的方法 
            return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句 using "FOR XML AUTO"</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 执行命令 
            XmlReader retval = cmd.ExecuteXmlReader();

            // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的SqlCommand命令,并产生一个XmlReader对象做为结果集返回,指定参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // 没有参数值 
                return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteXmlReader 阅读器结束

        #region FillDataset 填充数据集 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.)</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");

            // 创建并打开数据库连接对象,操作完成释放对象. 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                // 调用指定数据库连接字符串重载方法. 
                FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集.指定命令参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");
            // 创建并打开数据库连接对象,操作完成释放对象. 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                // 调用指定数据库连接字符串重载方法. 
                FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接字符串的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,指定存储过程参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, 24); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param>    
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, string spName,
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");
            // 创建并打开数据库连接对象,操作完成释放对象. 
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                // 调用指定数据库连接字符串重载方法. 
                FillDataset(connection, spName, dataSet, tableNames, parameterValues);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param>    
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames)
        {
            FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            FillDataset(connection, null, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库连接对象的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,指定存储过程参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, string spName,
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                FillDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // 没有参数值 
                FillDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText,
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames)
        {
            FillDataset(transaction, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, null);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,指定参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            FillDataset(transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定数据库事务的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,指定存储过程参数值. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 此方法不提供访问存储过程输出参数和返回值参数. 
        /// 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(trans, "GetOrders", ds, new string[]{"orders"}, 24, 36); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="parameterValues">分配给存储过程输入参数的对象数组</param> 
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName,
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 给存储过程参数赋值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // 调用重载方法 
                FillDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // 没有参数值 
                FillDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [私有方法][内部调用]执行指定数据库连接对象/事务的命令,映射数据表并填充数据集,DataSet/TableNames/SqlParameters. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24)); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务</param> 
        /// <param name="commandType">命令类型 (存储过程,命令文本或其它)</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名称或T-SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要填充结果集的DataSet实例</param> 
        /// <param name="tableNames">表映射的数据表数组 
        /// 用户定义的表名 (可有是实际的表名.) 
        /// </param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">分配给命令的SqlParamter参数数组</param> 
        private static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");

            // 创建SqlCommand命令,并进行预处理 
            SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(command, connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // 执行命令 
            using (SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(command))
            {

                // 追加表映射 
                if (tableNames != null && tableNames.Length > 0)
                {
                    string tableName = "Table";
                    for (int index = 0; index < tableNames.Length; index++)
                    {
                        if (tableNames[index] == null || tableNames[index].Length == 0) throw new ArgumentException("The tableNames parameter must contain a list of tables, a value was provided as null or empty string.", "tableNames");
                        dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add(tableName, tableNames[index]);
                        tableName += (index + 1).ToString();
                    }
                }

                // 填充数据集使用默认表名称 
                dataAdapter.Fill(dataSet);

                // 清除参数,以便再次使用. 
                command.Parameters.Clear();
            }

            if (mustCloseConnection)
                connection.Close();
        }
        #endregion

        #region UpdateDataset 更新数据集 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行数据集更新到数据库,指定inserted, updated, or deleted命令. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  UpdateDataset(conn, insertCommand, deleteCommand, updateCommand, dataSet, "Order"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="insertCommand">[追加记录]一个有效的T-SQL语句或存储过程</param> 
        /// <param name="deleteCommand">[删除记录]一个有效的T-SQL语句或存储过程</param> 
        /// <param name="updateCommand">[更新记录]一个有效的T-SQL语句或存储过程</param> 
        /// <param name="dataSet">要更新到数据库的DataSet</param> 
        /// <param name="tableName">要更新到数据库的DataTable</param> 
        public static void UpdateDataset(SqlCommand insertCommand, SqlCommand deleteCommand, SqlCommand updateCommand, DataSet dataSet, string tableName)
        {
            if (insertCommand == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("insertCommand");
            if (deleteCommand == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("deleteCommand");
            if (updateCommand == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("updateCommand");
            if (tableName == null || tableName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("tableName");

            // 创建SqlDataAdapter,当操作完成后释放. 
            using (SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter())
            {
                // 设置数据适配器命令 
                dataAdapter.UpdateCommand = updateCommand;
                dataAdapter.InsertCommand = insertCommand;
                dataAdapter.DeleteCommand = deleteCommand;

                // 更新数据集改变到数据库 
                dataAdapter.Update(dataSet, tableName);

                // 提交所有改变到数据集. 
                dataSet.AcceptChanges();
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region CreateCommand 创建一条SqlCommand命令 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 创建SqlCommand命令,指定数据库连接对象,存储过程名和参数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 示例:  
        ///  SqlCommand command = CreateCommand(conn, "AddCustomer", "CustomerID", "CustomerName"); 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="sourceColumns">源表的列名称数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlCommand命令</returns> 
        public static SqlCommand CreateCommand(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params string[] sourceColumns)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 创建命令 
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, connection);
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

            // 如果有参数值 
            if ((sourceColumns != null) && (sourceColumns.Length > 0))
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 将源表的列到映射到DataSet命令中. 
                for (int index = 0; index < sourceColumns.Length; index++)
                    commandParameters[index].SourceColumn = sourceColumns[index];

                // Attach the discovered parameters to the SqlCommand object 
                AttachParameters(cmd, commandParameters);
            }

            return cmd;
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams 类型化参数(DataRow) 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接字符串的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回受影响的行数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(String connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接对象的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回受影响的行数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库事物的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回受影响的行数. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务 object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回影响的行数</returns> 
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // Sf the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteDatasetTypedParams 类型化参数(DataRow) 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接字符串的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet.</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(string connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            //如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接对象的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet.</returns> 
        /// 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库事务的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataSet. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务 object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个包含结果集的DataSet.</returns> 
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region ExecuteReaderTypedParams 类型化参数(DataRow) 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接字符串的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataReader. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(String connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }


        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接对象的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataReader. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库事物的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回DataReader. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务 object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回包含结果集的SqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteScalarTypedParams 类型化参数(DataRow) 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接字符串的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(String connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接对象的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库事务的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回结果集中的第一行第一列. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务 object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回结果集中的第一行第一列</returns> 
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams 类型化参数(DataRow) 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库连接对象的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回XmlReader类型的结果集. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行指定连接数据库事务的存储过程,使用DataRow做为参数值,返回XmlReader类型的结果集. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="transaction">一个有效的连接事务 object</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="dataRow">使用DataRow作为参数值</param> 
        /// <returns>返回XmlReader结果集对象.</returns> 
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // 如果row有值,存储过程必须初始化. 
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // 从缓存中加载存储过程参数,如果缓存中不存在则从数据库中检索参数信息并加载到缓存中. () 
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // 分配参数值 
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion

    }

    /// <summary> 
    /// SqlHelperParameterCache提供缓存存储过程参数,并能够在运行时从存储过程中探索参数. 
    /// </summary> 
    public sealed class SqlHelperParameterCache
    {
        #region 私有方法,字段,构造函数 
        // 私有构造函数,妨止类被实例化. 
        private SqlHelperParameterCache() { }

        // 这个方法要注意 
        private static Hashtable paramCache = Hashtable.Synchronized(new Hashtable());

        /// <summary> 
        /// 探索运行时的存储过程,返回SqlParameter参数数组. 
        /// 初始化参数值为 DBNull.Value. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名称</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">是否包含返回值参数</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        private static SqlParameter[] DiscoverSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, connection);
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

            connection.Open();
            // 检索cmd指定的存储过程的参数信息,并填充到cmd的Parameters参数集中. 
            SqlCommandBuilder.DeriveParameters(cmd);
            connection.Close();
            // 如果不包含返回值参数,将参数集中的每一个参数删除. 
            if (!includeReturnValueParameter)
            {
                cmd.Parameters.RemoveAt(0);
            }

            // 创建参数数组 
            SqlParameter[] discoveredParameters = new SqlParameter[cmd.Parameters.Count];
            // 将cmd的Parameters参数集复制到discoveredParameters数组. 
            cmd.Parameters.CopyTo(discoveredParameters, 0);

            // 初始化参数值为 DBNull.Value. 
            foreach (SqlParameter discoveredParameter in discoveredParameters)
            {
                discoveredParameter.Value = DBNull.Value;
            }
            return discoveredParameters;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// SqlParameter参数数组的深层拷贝. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="originalParameters">原始参数数组</param> 
        /// <returns>返回一个同样的参数数组</returns> 
        private static SqlParameter[] CloneParameters(SqlParameter[] originalParameters)
        {
            SqlParameter[] clonedParameters = new SqlParameter[originalParameters.Length];

            for (int i = 0, j = originalParameters.Length; i < j; i++)
            {
                clonedParameters[i] = (SqlParameter)((ICloneable)originalParameters[i]).Clone();
            }

            return clonedParameters;
        }

        #endregion 私有方法,字段,构造函数结束

        #region 缓存方法

        /// <summary> 
        /// 追加参数数组到缓存. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符串</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="commandParameters">要缓存的参数数组</param> 
        public static void CacheParameterSet(string connectionString, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText");

            string hashKey = connectionString + ":" + commandText;

            paramCache[hashKey] = commandParameters;
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 从缓存中获取参数数组. 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符</param> 
        /// <param name="commandText">存储过程名或SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>参数数组</returns> 
        public static SqlParameter[] GetCachedParameterSet(string connectionString, string commandText)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText");

            string hashKey = connectionString + ":" + commandText;

            SqlParameter[] cachedParameters = paramCache[hashKey] as SqlParameter[];
            if (cachedParameters == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            else
            {
                return CloneParameters(cachedParameters);
            }
        }

        #endregion 缓存方法结束

        #region 检索指定的存储过程的参数集

        /// <summary> 
        /// 返回指定的存储过程的参数集 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 这个方法将查询数据库,并将信息存储到缓存. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        public static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(string connectionString, string spName)
        {
            return GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName, false);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 返回指定的存储过程的参数集 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 这个方法将查询数据库,并将信息存储到缓存. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connectionString">一个有效的数据库连接字符.</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">是否包含返回值参数</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        public static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(string connectionString, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                return GetSpParameterSetInternal(connection, spName, includeReturnValueParameter);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [内部]返回指定的存储过程的参数集(使用连接对象). 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 这个方法将查询数据库,并将信息存储到缓存. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接字符</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        internal static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection, string spName)
        {
            return GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName, false);
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [内部]返回指定的存储过程的参数集(使用连接对象) 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <remarks> 
        /// 这个方法将查询数据库,并将信息存储到缓存. 
        /// </remarks> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter"> 
        /// 是否包含返回值参数 
        /// </param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        internal static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            using (SqlConnection clonedConnection = (SqlConnection)((ICloneable)connection).Clone())
            {
                return GetSpParameterSetInternal(clonedConnection, spName, includeReturnValueParameter);
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// [私有]返回指定的存储过程的参数集(使用连接对象) 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="connection">一个有效的数据库连接对象</param> 
        /// <param name="spName">存储过程名</param> 
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">是否包含返回值参数</param> 
        /// <returns>返回SqlParameter参数数组</returns> 
        private static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSetInternal(SqlConnection connection, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            string hashKey = connection.ConnectionString + ":" + spName + (includeReturnValueParameter ? ":include ReturnValue Parameter" : "");

            SqlParameter[] cachedParameters;

            cachedParameters = paramCache[hashKey] as SqlParameter[];
            if (cachedParameters == null)
            {
                SqlParameter[] spParameters = DiscoverSpParameterSet(connection, spName, includeReturnValueParameter);
                paramCache[hashKey] = spParameters;
                cachedParameters = spParameters;
            }

            return CloneParameters(cachedParameters);
        }

        #endregion 参数集检索结束

    }
}

 

二，微软版的SqlHelper.cs类：

// ===============================================================================
// Thanks for Microsoft Data Access Application Block team 
// We use the SqlHelper2.0 in the ClassbaoFramework 
// Xiongzaiqiren.Hero
//================================================================================

//
// Microsoft Data Access Application Block for .NET
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnbda/html/daab-rm.asp
//
// SQLHelper.cs
//
// This file contains the implementations of the SqlHelper and SqlHelperParameterCache
// classes.
//
// For more information see the Data Access Application Block Implementation Overview. 
// ===============================================================================
// Release history
// VERSION    DESCRIPTION
//   2.0    Added support for FillDataset, UpdateDataset and "Param" helper methods
//
// ===============================================================================
// Copyright (C) 2000-2001 Microsoft Corporation
// All rights reserved.
// THIS CODE AND INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
// OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
// ==============================================================================

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Xml;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Collections;

namespace Classbao.Data
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The SqlHelper class is intended to encapsulate high performance, scalable best practices for 
    /// common uses of SqlClient
    /// </summary>
    public sealed partial class SqlHelper
    {
        //        // decrypt the ConnectionString


        #region private utility methods & constructors

        // Since this class provides only static methods, make the default constructor private to prevent 
        // instances from being created with "new SqlHelper()"
        private SqlHelper() { }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method is used to attach array of SqlParameters to a SqlCommand.
        /// 
        /// This method will assign a value of DbNull to any parameter with a direction of
        /// InputOutput and a value of null.  
        /// 
        /// This behavior will prevent default values from being used, but
        /// this will be the less common case than an intended pure output parameter (derived as InputOutput)
        /// where the user provided no input value.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="command">The command to which the parameters will be added</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParameters to be added to command</param>
        private static void AttachParameters(SqlCommand command, SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (command == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("command");
            if (commandParameters != null)
            {
                foreach (SqlParameter p in commandParameters)
                {
                    if (p != null)
                    {
                        // Check for derived output value with no value assigned
                        if ((p.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput ||
                            p.Direction == ParameterDirection.Input) &&
                            (p.Value == null))
                        {
                            p.Value = DBNull.Value;
                        }
                        command.Parameters.Add(p);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method assigns dataRow column values to an array of SqlParameters
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">Array of SqlParameters to be assigned values</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values</param>
        private static void AssignParameterValues(SqlParameter[] commandParameters, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if ((commandParameters == null) || (dataRow == null))
            {
                // Do nothing if we get no data
                return;
            }

            int i = 0;
            // Set the parameters values
            foreach (SqlParameter commandParameter in commandParameters)
            {
                // Check the parameter name
                if (commandParameter.ParameterName == null ||
                    commandParameter.ParameterName.Length <= 1)
                    throw new Exception(
                        string.Format(
                            "Please provide a valid parameter name on the parameter #{0}, the ParameterName property has the following value: '{1}'.",
                            i, commandParameter.ParameterName));
                if (dataRow.Table.Columns.IndexOf(commandParameter.ParameterName.Substring(1)) != -1)
                    commandParameter.Value = dataRow[commandParameter.ParameterName.Substring(1)];
                i++;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method assigns an array of values to an array of SqlParameters
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">Array of SqlParameters to be assigned values</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">Array of objects holding the values to be assigned</param>
        private static void AssignParameterValues(SqlParameter[] commandParameters, object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if ((commandParameters == null) || (parameterValues == null))
            {
                // Do nothing if we get no data
                return;
            }

            // We must have the same number of values as we pave parameters to put them in
            if (commandParameters.Length != parameterValues.Length)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("Parameter count does not match Parameter Value count.");
            }

            // Iterate through the SqlParameters, assigning the values from the corresponding position in the 
            // value array
            for (int i = 0, j = commandParameters.Length; i < j; i++)
            {
                // If the current array value derives from IDbDataParameter, then assign its Value property
                if (parameterValues[i] is IDbDataParameter)
                {
                    IDbDataParameter paramInstance = (IDbDataParameter)parameterValues[i];
                    if (paramInstance.Value == null)
                    {
                        commandParameters[i].Value = DBNull.Value;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        commandParameters[i].Value = paramInstance.Value;
                    }
                }
                else if (parameterValues[i] == null)
                {
                    commandParameters[i].Value = DBNull.Value;
                }
                else
                {
                    commandParameters[i].Value = parameterValues[i];
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This method opens (if necessary) and assigns a connection, transaction, command type and parameters 
        /// to the provided command
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="command">The SqlCommand to be prepared</param>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection, on which to execute this command</param>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction, or 'null'</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParameters to be associated with the command or 'null' if no parameters are required</param>
        /// <param name="mustCloseConnection"><c>true</c> if the connection was opened by the method, otherwose is false.</param>
        private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand command, SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, SqlParameter[] commandParameters, out bool mustCloseConnection)
        {
            if (command == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("command");
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText");

            // If the provided connection is not open, we will open it
            if (connection.State != ConnectionState.Open)
            {
                mustCloseConnection = true;
                connection.Open();
            }
            else
            {
                mustCloseConnection = false;
            }

            // Associate the connection with the command
            command.Connection = connection;

            // Set the command text (stored procedure name or SQL statement)
            command.CommandText = commandText;

            // If we were provided a transaction, assign it
            if (transaction != null)
            {
                if (transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
                command.Transaction = transaction;
            }

            // Set the command type
            command.CommandType = commandType;

            // Attach the command parameters if they are provided
            if (commandParameters != null)
            {
                AttachParameters(command, commandParameters);
            }
            return;
        }

        #endregion private utility methods & constructors

        #region ExecuteNonQuery

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="timeout">The timeout time of command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, commandType, commandText, -1, commandParameters);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="timeout">The timeout time of command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, int timeout, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");

            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, commandType, commandText, timeout, commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(connString, "PublishOrders", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored prcedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, commandType, commandText, -1, commandParameters);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="timeout">The timeout time of command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, int timeout, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            // Create a command and prepare it for execution
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

            // Setting a timeout value for the SQL command.  Setting timeout to zero means never time out, 
            // which we never want to do.  If value passed in is undesired, then simply don't set this parameter
            // and let it default to 30 seconds (according to MSDN).
            if ((timeout != null) && (timeout >= 0))
            {
                cmd.CommandTimeout = timeout;
            }


            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // Finally, execute the command
            int retval = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

            // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            if (mustCloseConnection)
                connection.Close();
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, "PublishOrders", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "PublishOrders");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // Create a command and prepare it for execution
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // Finally, execute the command
            int retval = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

            // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified 
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int result = ExecuteNonQuery(conn, trans, "PublishOrders", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteNonQuery

        #region ExecuteDataset

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, commandType, commandText, -1, commandParameters);
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="timeout">Timeout value for the SQL command in seconds</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, int timeout, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");

            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string
                return ExecuteDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, timeout, commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(connString, "GetOrders", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            return ExecuteDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, -1, commandParameters);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="timeout">Timeout value for the SQL command in seconds</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, int timeout, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            // Create a command and prepare it for execution
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

            // Setting a timeout value for the SQL command.  Setting timeout to zero means never time out, 
            // which we never want to do.  If value passed in is undesired, then simply don't set this parameter
            // and let it default to 30 seconds (according to MSDN).
            if ((timeout != null) && (timeout >= 0))
            {
                cmd.CommandTimeout = timeout;
            }

            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // Create the DataAdapter & DataSet
            using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();

                // Fill the DataSet using default values for DataTable names, etc
                da.Fill(ds);

                // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();

                if (mustCloseConnection)
                    connection.Close();

                // Return the dataset
                return ds;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                return ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteDataset(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // Create a command and prepare it for execution
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // Create the DataAdapter & DataSet
            using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();

                // Fill the DataSet using default values for DataTable names, etc
                da.Fill(ds);

                // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();

                // Return the dataset
                return ds;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified 
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  DataSet ds = ExecuteDataset(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                return ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteDataset

        #region ExecuteReader

        /// <summary>
        /// This enum is used to indicate whether the connection was provided by the caller, or created by SqlHelper, so that
        /// we can set the appropriate CommandBehavior when calling ExecuteReader()
        /// </summary>
        private enum SqlConnectionOwnership
        {
            /// <summary>Connection is owned and managed by SqlHelper</summary>
            Internal,
            /// <summary>Connection is owned and managed by the caller</summary>
            External
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Create and prepare a SqlCommand, and call ExecuteReader with the appropriate CommandBehavior.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// If we created and opened the connection, we want the connection to be closed when the DataReader is closed.
        /// 
        /// If the caller provided the connection, we want to leave it to them to manage.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection, on which to execute this command</param>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction, or 'null'</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParameters to be associated with the command or 'null' if no parameters are required</param>
        /// <param name="connectionOwnership">Indicates whether the connection parameter was provided by the caller, or created by SqlHelper</param>
        /// <returns>SqlDataReader containing the results of the command</returns>
        private static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, SqlParameter[] commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership connectionOwnership)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            try
            {
                PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

                // Create a reader
                SqlDataReader dataReader;

                // Call ExecuteReader with the appropriate CommandBehavior
                if (connectionOwnership == SqlConnectionOwnership.External)
                {
                    dataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
                }
                else
                {
                    dataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                }

                // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again.
                // HACK: There is a problem here, the output parameter values are fletched 
                // when the reader is closed, so if the parameters are detached from the command
                // then the SqlReader can磘 set its values. 
                // When this happen, the parameters can磘 be used again in other command.
                bool canClear = true;
                foreach (SqlParameter commandParameter in cmd.Parameters)
                {
                    if (commandParameter.Direction != ParameterDirection.Input)
                        canClear = false;
                }

                if (canClear)
                {
                    cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                }

                return dataReader;
            }
            catch
            {
                if (mustCloseConnection)
                    connection.Close();
                throw;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteReader(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            SqlConnection connection = null;
            try
            {
                connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
                connection.Open();

                // Call the private overload that takes an internally owned connection in place of the connection string
                return ExecuteReader(connection, null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.Internal);
            }
            catch
            {
                // If we fail to return the SqlDatReader, we need to close the connection ourselves
                if (connection != null) connection.Close();
                throw;
            }

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(connString, "GetOrders", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteReader(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            // Pass through the call to the private overload using a null transaction value and an externally owned connection
            return ExecuteReader(connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.External);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteReader(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///   SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // Pass through to private overload, indicating that the connection is owned by the caller
            return ExecuteReader(transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, SqlConnectionOwnership.External);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  SqlDataReader dr = ExecuteReader(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                return ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteReader

        #region ExecuteScalar

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, commandType, commandText, commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(connString, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteScalar(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            // Create a command and prepare it for execution
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // Execute the command & return the results
            object retval = cmd.ExecuteScalar();

            // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();

            if (mustCloseConnection)
                connection.Close();

            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(conn, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteScalar(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrderCount", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // Create a command and prepare it for execution
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // Execute the command & return the results
            object retval = cmd.ExecuteScalar();

            // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  int orderCount = (int)ExecuteScalar(trans, "GetOrderCount", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // PPull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                return ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteScalar    

        #region ExecuteXmlReader
        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param>
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");

            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            // Create a command and prepare it for execution
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            try
            {
                PrepareCommand(cmd, connection, (SqlTransaction)null, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

                // Create the DataAdapter & DataSet
                XmlReader retval = cmd.ExecuteXmlReader();

                // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();

                return retval;
            }
            catch
            {
                if (mustCloseConnection)
                    connection.Close();
                throw;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(conn, "GetOrders", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure using "FOR XML AUTO"</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param>
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command using "FOR XML AUTO"</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");

            // Create a command and prepare it for execution
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // Create the DataAdapter & DataSet
            XmlReader retval = cmd.ExecuteXmlReader();

            // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return retval;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified 
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  XmlReader r = ExecuteXmlReader(trans, "GetOrders", 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReader(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                return ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion ExecuteXmlReader

        #region FillDataset
        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"});
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param>
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name)</param>
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");

            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string
                FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in the connection string 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param>
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name)
        /// </param>
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");
            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string
                FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  FillDataset(connString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, 24);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param>
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name)
        /// </param>    
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        public static void FillDataset(string connectionString, string spName,
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");
            // Create & open a SqlConnection, and dispose of it after we are done
            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                connection.Open();

                // Call the overload that takes a connection in place of the connection string
                FillDataset(connection, spName, dataSet, tableNames, parameterValues);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlConnection. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"});
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param>
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name)
        /// </param>    
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames)
        {
            FillDataset(connection, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param>
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name)
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            FillDataset(connection, null, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param>
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name)
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        public static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, string spName,
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                FillDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                FillDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset and takes no parameters) against the provided SqlTransaction. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  FillDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"});
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param>
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name)
        /// </param>
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText,
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames)
        {
            FillDataset(transaction, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, null);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  FillDataset(trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param>
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name)
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            FillDataset(transaction.Connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified 
        /// SqlTransaction using the provided parameter values.  This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method provides no access to output parameters or the stored procedure's return value parameter.
        /// 
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  FillDataset(trans, "GetOrders", ds, new string[]{"orders"}, 24, 36);
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param>
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name)
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="parameterValues">An array of objects to be assigned as the input values of the stored procedure</param>
        public static void FillDataset(SqlTransaction transaction, string spName,
            DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params object[] parameterValues)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((parameterValues != null) && (parameterValues.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // Assign the provided values to these parameters based on parameter order
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, parameterValues);

                // Call the overload that takes an array of SqlParameters
                FillDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                // Otherwise we can just call the SP without params
                FillDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, dataSet, tableNames);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Private helper method that execute a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction and SqlConnection
        /// using the provided parameters.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  FillDataset(conn, trans, CommandType.StoredProcedure, "GetOrders", ds, new string[] {"orders"}, new SqlParameter("@prodid", 24));
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction</param>
        /// <param name="commandType">The CommandType (stored procedure, text, etc.)</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="dataSet">A dataset wich will contain the resultset generated by the command</param>
        /// <param name="tableNames">This array will be used to create table mappings allowing the DataTables to be referenced
        /// by a user defined name (probably the actual table name)
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters used to execute the command</param>
        private static void FillDataset(SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType,
            string commandText, DataSet dataSet, string[] tableNames,
            params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (dataSet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("dataSet");

            // Create a command and prepare it for execution
            SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand();
            bool mustCloseConnection = false;
            PrepareCommand(command, connection, transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters, out mustCloseConnection);

            // Create the DataAdapter & DataSet
            using (SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(command))
            {

                // Add the table mappings specified by the user
                if (tableNames != null && tableNames.Length > 0)
                {
                    string tableName = "Table";
                    for (int index = 0; index < tableNames.Length; index++)
                    {
                        if (tableNames[index] == null || tableNames[index].Length == 0) throw new ArgumentException("The tableNames parameter must contain a list of tables, a value was provided as null or empty string.", "tableNames");
                        dataAdapter.TableMappings.Add(tableName, tableNames[index]);
                        tableName += (index + 1).ToString();
                    }
                }

                // Fill the DataSet using default values for DataTable names, etc
                dataAdapter.Fill(dataSet);

                // Detach the SqlParameters from the command object, so they can be used again
                command.Parameters.Clear();
            }

            if (mustCloseConnection)
                connection.Close();
        }
        #endregion

        #region UpdateDataset
        /// <summary>
        /// Executes the respective command for each inserted, updated, or deleted row in the DataSet.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  UpdateDataset(conn, insertCommand, deleteCommand, updateCommand, dataSet, "Order");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="insertCommand">A valid transact-SQL statement or stored procedure to insert new records into the data source</param>
        /// <param name="deleteCommand">A valid transact-SQL statement or stored procedure to delete records from the data source</param>
        /// <param name="updateCommand">A valid transact-SQL statement or stored procedure used to update records in the data source</param>
        /// <param name="dataSet">The DataSet used to update the data source</param>
        /// <param name="tableName">The DataTable used to update the data source.</param>
        public static void UpdateDataset(SqlCommand insertCommand, SqlCommand deleteCommand, SqlCommand updateCommand, DataSet dataSet, string tableName)
        {
            if (insertCommand == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("insertCommand");
            if (deleteCommand == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("deleteCommand");
            if (updateCommand == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("updateCommand");
            if (tableName == null || tableName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("tableName");

            // Create a SqlDataAdapter, and dispose of it after we are done
            using (SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter())
            {
                // Set the data adapter commands
                dataAdapter.UpdateCommand = updateCommand;
                dataAdapter.InsertCommand = insertCommand;
                dataAdapter.DeleteCommand = deleteCommand;

                // Update the dataset changes in the data source
                dataAdapter.Update(dataSet, tableName);

                // Commit all the changes made to the DataSet
                dataSet.AcceptChanges();
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region CreateCommand
        /// <summary>
        /// Simplify the creation of a Sql command object by allowing
        /// a stored procedure and optional parameters to be provided
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// e.g.:  
        ///  SqlCommand command = CreateCommand(conn, "AddCustomer", "CustomerID", "CustomerName");
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="sourceColumns">An array of string to be assigned as the source columns of the stored procedure parameters</param>
        /// <returns>A valid SqlCommand object</returns>
        public static SqlCommand CreateCommand(SqlConnection connection, string spName, params string[] sourceColumns)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // Create a SqlCommand
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, connection);
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

            // If we receive parameter values, we need to figure out where they go
            if ((sourceColumns != null) && (sourceColumns.Length > 0))
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // Assign the provided source columns to these parameters based on parameter order
                for (int index = 0; index < sourceColumns.Length; index++)
                    commandParameters[index].SourceColumn = sourceColumns[index];

                // Attach the discovered parameters to the SqlCommand object
                AttachParameters(cmd, commandParameters);
            }

            return cmd;
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams
        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(String connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.  
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns no resultset) against the specified
        /// SqlTransaction using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>An int representing the number of rows affected by the command</returns>
        public static int ExecuteNonQueryTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // Sf the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteDatasetTypedParams
        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(string connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            //If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the store procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on row values.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>A dataset containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static DataSet ExecuteDatasetTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region ExecuteReaderTypedParams
        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(String connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>A SqlDataReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReaderTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteScalarTypedParams
        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the database specified in 
        /// the connection string using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(String connectionString, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a 1x1 resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>An object containing the value in the 1x1 resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static object ExecuteScalarTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams
        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlConnection 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams(SqlConnection connection, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(connection, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Execute a stored procedure via a SqlCommand (that returns a resultset) against the specified SqlTransaction 
        /// using the dataRow column values as the stored procedure's parameters values.
        /// This method will query the database to discover the parameters for the 
        /// stored procedure (the first time each stored procedure is called), and assign the values based on parameter order.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="transaction">A valid SqlTransaction object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="dataRow">The dataRow used to hold the stored procedure's parameter values.</param>
        /// <returns>An XmlReader containing the resultset generated by the command</returns>
        public static XmlReader ExecuteXmlReaderTypedParams(SqlTransaction transaction, String spName, DataRow dataRow)
        {
            if (transaction == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("transaction");
            if (transaction != null && transaction.Connection == null) throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            // If the row has values, the store procedure parameters must be initialized
            if (dataRow != null && dataRow.ItemArray.Length > 0)
            {
                // Pull the parameters for this stored procedure from the parameter cache (or discover them & populate the cache)
                SqlParameter[] commandParameters = SqlHelperParameterCache.GetSpParameterSet(transaction.Connection, spName);

                // Set the parameters values
                AssignParameterValues(commandParameters, dataRow);

                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName, commandParameters);
            }
            else
            {
                return SqlHelper.ExecuteXmlReader(transaction, CommandType.StoredProcedure, spName);
            }
        }
        #endregion


    }

    /// <summary>
    /// SqlHelperParameterCache provides functions to leverage a static cache of procedure parameters, and the
    /// ability to discover parameters for stored procedures at run-time.
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class SqlHelperParameterCache
    {
        #region private methods, variables, and constructors

        //Since this class provides only static methods, make the default constructor private to prevent 
        //instances from being created with "new SqlHelperParameterCache()"
        private SqlHelperParameterCache() { }

        private static Hashtable paramCache = Hashtable.Synchronized(new Hashtable());

        /// <summary>
        /// Resolve at run time the appropriate set of SqlParameters for a stored procedure
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">Whether or not to include their return value parameter</param>
        /// <returns>The parameter array discovered.</returns>
        private static SqlParameter[] DiscoverSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(spName, connection);
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;

            connection.Open();
            SqlCommandBuilder.DeriveParameters(cmd);
            connection.Close();

            if (!includeReturnValueParameter)
            {
                cmd.Parameters.RemoveAt(0);
            }

            SqlParameter[] discoveredParameters = new SqlParameter[cmd.Parameters.Count];

            cmd.Parameters.CopyTo(discoveredParameters, 0);

            // Init the parameters with a DBNull value
            foreach (SqlParameter discoveredParameter in discoveredParameters)
            {
                discoveredParameter.Value = DBNull.Value;
            }
            return discoveredParameters;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Deep copy of cached SqlParameter array
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="originalParameters"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static SqlParameter[] CloneParameters(SqlParameter[] originalParameters)
        {
            SqlParameter[] clonedParameters = new SqlParameter[originalParameters.Length];

            for (int i = 0, j = originalParameters.Length; i < j; i++)
            {
                clonedParameters[i] = (SqlParameter)((ICloneable)originalParameters[i]).Clone();
            }

            return clonedParameters;
        }

        #endregion private methods, variables, and constructors

        #region caching functions

        /// <summary>
        /// Add parameter array to the cache
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <param name="commandParameters">An array of SqlParamters to be cached</param>
        public static void CacheParameterSet(string connectionString, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText");

            string hashKey = connectionString + ":" + commandText;

            paramCache[hashKey] = commandParameters;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieve a parameter array from the cache
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="commandText">The stored procedure name or T-SQL command</param>
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParamters</returns>
        public static SqlParameter[] GetCachedParameterSet(string connectionString, string commandText)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText");

            string hashKey = connectionString + ":" + commandText;

            SqlParameter[] cachedParameters = paramCache[hashKey] as SqlParameter[];
            if (cachedParameters == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            else
            {
                return CloneParameters(cachedParameters);
            }
        }

        #endregion caching functions

        #region Parameter Discovery Functions

        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieves the set of SqlParameters appropriate for the stored procedure
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method will query the database for this information, and then store it in a cache for future requests.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParameters</returns>
        public static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(string connectionString, string spName)
        {
            return GetSpParameterSet(connectionString, spName, false);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieves the set of SqlParameters appropriate for the stored procedure
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method will query the database for this information, and then store it in a cache for future requests.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connectionString">A valid connection string for a SqlConnection</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">A bool value indicating whether the return value parameter should be included in the results</param>
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParameters</returns>
        public static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(string connectionString, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("connectionString");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                return GetSpParameterSetInternal(connection, spName, includeReturnValueParameter);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieves the set of SqlParameters appropriate for the stored procedure
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method will query the database for this information, and then store it in a cache for future requests.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParameters</returns>
        internal static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection, string spName)
        {
            return GetSpParameterSet(connection, spName, false);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieves the set of SqlParameters appropriate for the stored procedure
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This method will query the database for this information, and then store it in a cache for future requests.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">A bool value indicating whether the return value parameter should be included in the results</param>
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParameters</returns>
        internal static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSet(SqlConnection connection, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            using (SqlConnection clonedConnection = (SqlConnection)((ICloneable)connection).Clone())
            {
                return GetSpParameterSetInternal(clonedConnection, spName, includeReturnValueParameter);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieves the set of SqlParameters appropriate for the stored procedure
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connection">A valid SqlConnection object</param>
        /// <param name="spName">The name of the stored procedure</param>
        /// <param name="includeReturnValueParameter">A bool value indicating whether the return value parameter should be included in the results</param>
        /// <returns>An array of SqlParameters</returns>
        private static SqlParameter[] GetSpParameterSetInternal(SqlConnection connection, string spName, bool includeReturnValueParameter)
        {
            if (connection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("connection");
            if (spName == null || spName.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("spName");

            string hashKey = connection.ConnectionString + ":" + spName + (includeReturnValueParameter ? ":include ReturnValue Parameter" : "");

            SqlParameter[] cachedParameters;

            cachedParameters = paramCache[hashKey] as SqlParameter[];
            if (cachedParameters == null)
            {
                SqlParameter[] spParameters = DiscoverSpParameterSet(connection, spName, includeReturnValueParameter);
                paramCache[hashKey] = spParameters;
                cachedParameters = spParameters;
            }

            return CloneParameters(cachedParameters);
        }

        #endregion Parameter Discovery Functions

    }
    
}

 

三，SqlHelper类扩展，及Access支持：

using System.Data.Common;

namespace Classbao.Data
{
    public sealed partial class SqlHelper
    {

        #region perfect SqlHelper
        private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand command, SqlConnection connection, SqlTransaction transaction, CommandType commandType, string commandText, SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (command == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("command");
            if (commandText == null || commandText.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentNullException("commandText");

            command.Connection = connection;
            command.CommandText = commandText;
            command.CommandType = commandType;
            if (transaction != null)
            {
                if (transaction.Connection == null)
                    throw new ArgumentException("The transaction was rollbacked or commited, please provide an open transaction.", "transaction");
                command.Transaction = transaction;
                command.Connection = transaction.Connection;
            }
            AttachParameters(command, commandParameters);
        }

        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlCommand command, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteReader(command, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        public static object ExecuteScalar(SqlCommand command, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (command == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("SqlCommand");
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            PrepareCommand(cmd, command.Connection, command.Transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters);
            object result = DataAccessHelper.ExecuteScalar(cmd);
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return result;
        }

        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlCommand command, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteReader(command, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }
        public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(SqlCommand command, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (command == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("SqlCommand");
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            PrepareCommand(cmd, command.Connection, command.Transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters);
            SqlDataReader result = (SqlDataReader)DataAccessHelper.ExecuteReader(cmd);
            bool canClear = true;
            foreach (SqlParameter commandParameter in cmd.Parameters)
                if (commandParameter.Direction != ParameterDirection.Input)
                {
                    canClear = false;
                    break;
                }

            if (canClear)
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return result;
        }
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlCommand command, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            return ExecuteNonQuery(command, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }
        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(SqlCommand command, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (command == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("SqlCommand");
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            cmd.CommandTimeout = command.CommandTimeout;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, command.Connection, command.Transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters);
            int retval = DataAccessHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(cmd);
            cmd.Parameters.Clear();
            return retval;
        }

        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlCommand command, CommandType commandType, string commandText)
        {
            // Pass through the call providing null for the set of SqlParameters
            return ExecuteDataset(command, commandType, commandText, (SqlParameter[])null);
        }

        public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(SqlCommand command, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[] commandParameters)
        {
            if (command == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("SqlCommand");

            // Create a command and prepare it for execution
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
            cmd.CommandTimeout = 600;
            PrepareCommand(cmd, command.Connection, command.Transaction, commandType, commandText, commandParameters);
            using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd))
            {
                DataSet result = new DataSet();
                DataAccessHelper.Fill(da, result);
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                return result;
            }

        }

        #endregion

        #region DataAccessHelper
        class DataAccessHelper
        {

            static void ExceptionHandler(SystemException e)
            {
                throw (new Exception(e.Message, e));
            }
            public static int ExecuteNonQuery(DbCommand command)
            {

                bool isNeedClose = OpenConnection(command.Connection);
                try
                {
                    return command.ExecuteNonQuery();
                }
                catch (SystemException e)
                {
                    ExceptionHandler(e);
                    return 0;
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (isNeedClose)
                        CloseConnection(command.Connection);
                }
            }
            public static object ExecuteScalar(DbCommand command)
            {
                bool isNeedClose = OpenConnection(command.Connection);
                try
                {
                    return command.ExecuteScalar();
                }
                catch (SystemException e)
                {
                    ExceptionHandler(e);
                    return null;
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (isNeedClose)
                        CloseConnection(command.Connection);
                }
            }
            public static void Fill(DbDataAdapter dataAdapter, DataSet set)
            {
                dataAdapter.Fill(set);
            }
            public static DbDataReader ExecuteReader(DbCommand command)
            {

                bool isNeedClose = OpenConnection(command.Connection);
                DbDataReader result = null;
                try
                {
                    if (isNeedClose)
                        result = command.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                    else
                        result = command.ExecuteReader();
                }
                catch (SystemException e)
                {
                    ExceptionHandler(e);
                    if (isNeedClose)
                        CloseConnection(command.Connection);
                }
                return result;
            }
            public static bool OpenConnection(DbConnection connection)
            {
                if (connection.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
                {
                    connection.Open();
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }
            public static bool CloseConnection(DbConnection connection)
            {
                bool result = connection.State == ConnectionState.Open;
                connection.Close();
                return result;
            }

        }


        #endregion
    }
}