15 Django组件 - forms组件

Django组件 - forms组件

一、校验字段功能

利用下面一个注册新用户的示例，来学习forms表单组件的功能。

1、校验字段功能

模型：models.py

　　　　class UserInfo(models.Model):
            name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)
            email = models. CharField(max_length=32)
            tel = models.CharField(max_length=32)

模板：register.html

　　　　<!DOCTYPE html>
        <html lang="en">
        <head>
            <meta charset="UTF-8">
            <title>Title</title>
        </head>
        <body>
            <form action="" method="post" novalidate>
                {% csrf_token %}
                <div>
                    <label for="name">用户名</label>
                    <p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                    <label for="pwd">密码</label>
                    <p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                    <label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label>
                    <p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p>
                </div>
                 <div>
                    <label for="email">邮箱</label>
                    <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                    <label for="tel">手机号</label>
                    <p><input type="text" name="tel" id="tel"></p>
                </div>
                <input type="submit">
            </form>
        </body>
        </html>

视图函数：view.py

　　　　 from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
　　　　 from django import forms
　　　　 from django.forms import widgets

　　　　 from app01.models import UserInfo

        wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
        wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

        class UserForm(forms.Form):    # 定义一个forms组件类
            name=forms.CharField(max_length=32, widget=wid_01)
            pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
            r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
            email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
            tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)

        def register(request):
            if request.method=="POST":
                form=UserForm(request.POST)
                if form.is_valid():
                    print(form.cleaned_data)  # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
                    UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data)
                else:
                    print(form.cleaned_data) # {"字段1":"值1","字段2":"值2"}
                    print(form.errors)       # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
                    print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
                return render(request,"register.html",locals())
            form=UserForm()
            return render(request,"register.html",locals())

2、渲染标签功能

方式一（不常用，不够灵活）：

　　　　<form action="" method="post" novalidate >
            {% csrf_token %}
            {{ form.as_p }}
            <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
　　　　</form>

方式二：

　　　　<form action="" method="post" novalidate >
            {% csrf_token %}
            <div>
                <label for="id_name">用户名</label>
                {{ form.name }} 
            </div>
            <div>
                <label for="id_pwd">密码</label>
                {{ form.pwd }}
            </div>
            <div>
                <label for="id_r_pwd">确认密码</label>
                {{ form.r_pwd }}
            </div>
            <div>
                <label for="id_email"> 邮箱</label>
                {{ form.email }} 
            </div>
            <div>
                <label for="id_tel"> 手机号</label>
                {{ form.tel }} 
            </div>
            <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
　　　　</form>

方式三（for循环遍历，常用）：

　　　　<form action="" method="post" novalidate >
            {% csrf_token %}
            {% for field in form %}
                <div>
                    <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
                    {{ field }}
                </div>
            {% endfor %}
            <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right">
　　　　</form>

3、显示错误与重置输入信息功能

模板：register.html

　　　　<form action="" method="post" novalidate>
            {% csrf_token %}
    
            {% for field in form %}
                <div>
                    <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>
                    {{ field }} 
                    <span style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
                </div>
            {% endfor %}
            <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default">
　　　　</form>

4、局部钩子与全局钩子

视图：views.py

　　 　from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
　　　　 from django import forms
　　　　 from django.forms import widgets
　　　　 from app01.models import UserInfo

        wid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
        wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})

        class UserForm(forms.Form):    # 定义一个forms组件类
            name=forms.CharField(max_length=32, widget=wid_01)
            pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
            r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)
            email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)
            tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)

        # 局部钩子
        def clean_name(self):
            val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")
            if not val.isdigit():
                return val
            else:
                raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字!")
        # 全局钩子
        def clean(self):
            pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")
            r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")
            if pwd and r_pwd:
                if pwd==r_pwd:
                    return self.cleaned_data
                else:
                    raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致!')
            else:
                return self.cleaned_data
        def register(request):
            if request.method=="POST":
                form=UserForm(request.POST)
                if form.is_valid():
                    print(form.cleaned_data)  # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值
                    UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data)
                else:
                    print(form.cleaned_data) # {"字段1":"值1","字段2":"值2"}
                    print(form.errors)       # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}
                    print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]
                    clean_error=form.errors.get("__all__")
                return render(request,"register.html",locals())
            form=UserForm()
            return render(request,"register.html",locals())

posted @ 2018-12-06 20:11 心跳+ 阅读(184) 评论(0) 收藏举报

刷新页面返回顶部

心跳+

15 Django组件 - forms组件

Django组件 - forms组件

一、校验字段功能

公告