react环境搭建

Posted on 2022-04-13 22:38 心默默言阅读(1260) 评论(0) 收藏举报

1.环境安装

1.1node.js安装

node --version

1.2脚手架安装

npm install -g create-react-app
create-react-app my-app

注：-g是全局安装，一次安装之后，再次创建项目时不再需要再次执行 npm install -g create-react-app

如果不想全局安装，可以直接使用npx

npx create-react-app myapp 也可以实现相同的效果

1.3启动

进入到myapp目录下

npm start

1.4项目结构

1.5npm的仓库管理

npm i -g nrm
nrm ls
nrm use taobao # 切镜像源

1.6第一个应用程序

react开发需要引入多个依赖文件：react.js、react-dom.js，分别又有开发版本和生产版本，create-react-app里已经帮我们把这些东西都安装好了。把通过CRA创建的工程目录下的src目录清空，然后在里面重新创建一个index.js. 写入以下代码:

// console.log("hello world hhh")

// 从 react 的包当中引入了 React。只要你要写 React.js 组件就必须引入React, 因为react里有一种语法叫JSX，稍后会讲到JSX，要写JSX，就必须引入React
import React from 'react'
// ReactDOM 可以帮助我们把 React 组件渲染到页面上去，没有其它的作用了。它是从 react-dom 中引入的，而不是从 react 引入。
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
// ReactDOM里有一个render方法，功能就是把组件渲染并且构造 DOM 树，然后插入到页面上某个特定的元素上
ReactDOM.render(
// 这里就比较奇怪了，它并不是一个字符串，看起来像是纯 HTML 代码写在 JavaScript 代码里面。语法错误吗？这并不是合法的
// JavaScript 代码, “在 JavaScript 写的标签的”语法叫 JSX-JavaScript XML。
 <h1>欢迎进入React的世界</h1>,
// 渲染到哪里
 document.getElementById('root')
)

2.基础语法

2.1class组件

index.js

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import App from './01-base/01-calss组件';
ReactDOM.render(<App></App>,document.getElementById("root"));

01-calss组件

import React from "react";

class App extends React.Component{
    render(){
        return <div>hello react component</div>
    }
}

export default App;

安装提示插件

2.2函数式组件

function App(){
    return <div>
        hello function component
    </div>
}

/*
16.8之前 //无状态组件
16.8之后  react hooks

*/
export default App

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import App from './01-base/02-函数式组件';

ReactDOM.render(<App></App>,document.getElementById("root"));

2.3组件嵌套

import React, { Component } from 'react'

class Child extends Component{

render(){

return <div>child</div>

}

class Navbar extends Component {

render() {

return <div>navbar

</div>

}

function Swiper() {

return <div>swiper</div>

}

//函数式组件箭头方式写法

const Tabbar = () => <div>tabbar</div>

export default class App extends Component {

render() {

return (

<div>

</div>

)

}

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import App from './01-base/03-组件嵌套';

ReactDOM.render(<App></App>, document.getElementById("root"));

2.4组件的样式

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import './css/index.css' //导入css模块， webpack的支持

export default class App extends Component {
    render() {
        var myname = "zz"
        var obj = {
            background: "yellow"
        }
        return (
            <div>
                {/* 大括号里面 */}
                {myname}-{10 + 20}
                {10 > 20 ? 'aaa' : 'bbb'}
                {/* style后面只能跟对象 */}
                <div style={obj}>111111</div>
                <div style={{ background: "red" }}>111111111</div>

                {/* 要将class写成className */}
                <div className='active'>33333333333</div>
                <div id='mytest'>5555555</div>

                {/* 不要写成for要写成htmlFor */}
                <label htmlFor='username' >用户名:</label>
                <input type="text" id="username" />

            </div>
        )
    }
}

.active{
    background: gray;
}

#mytest{
    background: hotpink;
}

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import App from './01-base/04-组件的样式';

ReactDOM.render(<App></App>, document.getElementById("root"));

2.5事件绑定

import React, { Component } from 'react'

export default class App extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <input />

                <button onClick={() => {
                    console.log("click")
                }}>add</button>

                <button onMouseOver={() => {
                    console.log("click")
                }}>add2</button>

                <button onClick={this.handleClick}>add3</button>
                <button onClick={this.handleClick2}>add4</button>
                <button onClick={() => {
                    this.handleClick3() //比较推荐
                }}>add5</button>
            </div>
        )
    }

    handleClick() {
        console.log("click3")
    }
    handleClick2 = () => {
        console.log("click4")
    }
    handleClick3 = () => {
        console.log("click5")
    }
}

2.6ref引用的应用

import React, { Component } from 'react'

export default class App extends Component {

    myref = React.createRef()
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                {/* <input ref="mytext" /> */}
                <input ref={this.myref} />
                <button onClick={() => {
                    // console.log("click", this.refs.myref.value)
                    console.log("click", this.myref.current.value)
                }}>add</button>

            </div>
        )
    }

}

2.7状态state

import React, { Component } from 'react'

export default class App extends Component {
    state = {
        // mytext: "shou_cang",
        myShow:true
    }
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <h1>huan ying lai dao react</h1>
                <button onClick={() => {
                    this.setState({
                        // mytext:"qu_xiao"
                    })
                }}>{this.state.mytext}</button>

                <button onClick={() => {
                    this.setState({
                        myShow:!this.state.myShow
                    })

                    if(this.state.myShow){
                        console.log("shou cang luo ji")
                    }else{
                        console.log("qu xiao shou cang luo ji")
                        

                    }
                }}>{this.state.myShow?"shou_cang":"qu_xiao"}</button>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

2.8列表渲染

import React, { Component } from 'react'

export default class App extends Component {
    state = {
        list: ["111", "222", "333"]
    }
    render() {
        var newlist = this.state.list.map(item => <li key={item}>{item}</li>)
        return (
            <div>
                <ul>
                    {
                        // this.state.list.map(item => <li>{item}</li>)
                        newlist
                    }
                </ul>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

2.9key值解析

import React, { Component } from 'react'

export default class App extends Component {
    state = {
        list: [
            {
                id: 1,
                text: "111"
            },
            {
                id: 2,
                text: "222"
            },
            {
                id: 3,
                text: "3333"
            },

        ]
    }
    render() {
        // 方式1
        // var newlist = this.state.list.map(item => <li key={item.id}>{item.text}</li>)
        // 方式2 使用默认的索引
        var newlist = this.state.list.map((item,index) => <li key={index}>{item.text}----{index}</li>)
        return (
            <div>
                <ul>
                    {
                        newlist
                    }
                </ul>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

/*
为了列表的复用和重拍，设置key值，提高性能

理想key，item.id

不涉及到列表的增加、删除、重排，设置成索引没有问题
*/

2.10 todolist

import React, { Component } from 'react'

export default class App extends Component {

    myref = React.createRef()

    state = {
        list: [
            {
                id: 1,
                text: "111"
            },
            {
                id: 2,
                text: "222"
            },
            {
                id: 3,
                text: "3333"
            },

        ]
    }
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <input ref={this.myref} />
                <button onClick={this.handleClick2}>add</button>
                <ul>
                    {
                        this.state.list.map((item, index) =>
                            <li key={item.id}>
                                {item.text}
                                {/* 方案一 */}
                                {/* <button onClick={this.handleDelClick.bind(this, index)}>del</button> */}
                                {/* 方案二 */}
                                <button onClick={() => this.handleDelClick(index)}>del</button>
                            </li>)
                    }
                </ul>
            </div>
        )
    }

    handleClick2 = () => {
        console.log("click", this.myref.current.value)

        let newlist = [...this.state.list]
        newlist.push({
            id: Math.random() * 100000000, //生成不同id的函数
            text: this.myref.current.value
        })
        this.setState({
            list: newlist
        })
    }

    handleDelClick(index) {
        console.log("del-click", index)

        let newlist = this.state.list.slice()  //或者this.state.list.concat()
        newlist.splice(index, 1)

        this.setState({
            list: newlist
        })
    }

}

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import './css/index.css'

export default class App extends Component {

    myref = React.createRef()

    state = {
        list: [
            {
                id: 1,
                text: "111"
            },
            {
                id: 2,
                text: "222"
            },
            {
                id: 3,
                text: "3333"
            },

        ]
    }
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <input ref={this.myref} />
                <button onClick={this.handleClick2}>add</button>
                <ul>
                    {
                        this.state.list.map((item, index) =>
                            <li key={item.id}>
                                {item.text}
                                {/* 方案一 */}
                                {/* <button onClick={this.handleDelClick.bind(this, index)}>del</button> */}
                                {/* 方案二 */}
                                <button onClick={() => this.handleDelClick(index)}>del</button>
                            </li>)
                    }
                </ul>

                {/* 方案1：条件渲染 */}
                {/* {this.state.list.length === 0 ? <div>暂无待办事项</div> : null} */}

                {/* 方案2：与运算 */}
                {/* {this.state.list.length === 0 && <div>暂无待办事项</div>} */}

                {/* 方式3：设置隐藏 */}
                <div className={this.state.list.length === 0 ?"":'hidden'}>暂无待办事项</div>
            </div>
        )
    }

    handleClick2 = () => {
        console.log("click", this.myref.current.value)

        let newlist = [...this.state.list]
        newlist.push({
            id: Math.random() * 100000000, //生成不同id的函数
            text: this.myref.current.value
        })
        this.setState({
            list: newlist
        })

        //清空输入框
        this.myref.current.value = ""
    }

    handleDelClick(index) {
        console.log("del-click", index)

        let newlist = this.state.list.slice()  //或者this.state.list.concat()
        newlist.splice(index, 1)

        this.setState({
            list: newlist
        })
    }

}

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import './css/index.css'

export default class App extends Component {

    myref = React.createRef()

    state = {
        list: [
            {
                id: 1,
                text: "111"
            },
            {
                id: 2,
                text: "222"
            },
            {
                id: 3,
                text: "3333"
            },

        ]
    }
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <input ref={this.myref} />
                <button onClick={this.handleClick2}>add</button>
                <ul>
                    {
                        this.state.list.map((item, index) =>
                            <li key={item.id}>
                                {/* 富文本展示 :可以在输入框中输入代码片段，并显示如<b>123</b>*/}
                                <span dangerouslySetInnerHTML={
                                    { __html: item.text }
                                }></span>
                                <button onClick={() => this.handleDelClick(index)}>del</button>
                            </li>)
                    }
                </ul>


                {/* 方案2：与运算 */}
                {this.state.list.length === 0 && <div>暂无待办事项</div>}

            </div>
        )
    }

    handleClick2 = () => {
        console.log("click", this.myref.current.value)

        let newlist = [...this.state.list]
        newlist.push({
            id: Math.random() * 100000000, //生成不同id的函数
            text: this.myref.current.value
        })
        this.setState({
            list: newlist
        })

        //清空输入框
        this.myref.current.value = ""
    }

    handleDelClick(index) {
        console.log("del-click", index)

        let newlist = this.state.list.slice()  //或者this.state.list.concat()
        newlist.splice(index, 1)

        this.setState({
            list: newlist
        })
    }

}

2.11卖座选项卡

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import './css/02-maizuo.css'
import Film from './maizuocomponent/Film'
import Center from './maizuocomponent/Center'
import Cinema from './maizuocomponent/Cinema'

export default class App extends Component {
    state = {
        list: [{
            id: 1,
            text: "电影"
        },
        {
            id: 2,
            text: "影院"
        },
        {
            id: 3,
            text: "我的"
        },
        ],
        current: 0
    }

    which() {

        switch (this.state.current) {
            case 0:
                return <Film></Film>
            case 1:
                return <Cinema></Cinema>
            case 2:
                return <Center></Center>

            default:
                return null
        }
    }
    render() {
        return (<div >
            {/* 方案1 */}
            {/* {this.state.current === 0 && <Film></Film>}
            {this.state.current === 1 && <Cinema></Cinema>}
            {this.state.current === 2 && <Center></Center>} */}

            {/* 方式2 */}
            {
                //表达式
                this.which()
            }

            <ul > {
                this.state.list.map((item, index) =>
                    <li key={item.id}
                        className={this.state.current === index ? 'active' : ''} onClick={() => this.handleClick(index)}> {item.text} </li>
                )
            }
            </ul>
        </div>
        )
    }

    handleClick(index) {
        console.log(index)

        this.setState({
            current: index
        })
    }
}

2.12案例数据请求

cinema.js

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import axios from 'axios'

export default class Cinema extends Component {
  constructor() {
    super()

    //axios 第三方库，专门用于请求数据
    // axios.get("https://m.maizuo.com/gateway?cityId=110100&ticketFlag=1&k=2942369").then(res => { }).catch(err => { console.log(err) })\
    axios({
      url:"https://m.maizuo.com/gateway?cityId=110100&ticketFlag=1&k=2942369",
      method:"get",
      headers:{
        'X-Client-Info': '{"a":"3000","ch":"1002","v":"5.2.0","e":"1650367356211930866253825","bc":"110100"}',
        'X-Host': 'mall.film-ticket.cinema.list'
      }
    }).then(res => { console.log(res.data)})

  }
  render() {
    return (
      <div>Cinema</div>
    )
  }
}

2.13案例模糊查询

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import axios from 'axios'

export default class Cinema extends Component {
  constructor() {
    super()

    this.state = {
      cinemaList: [],
      bakcinemaList:[]
    }

    //axios 第三方库，专门用于请求数据
    // axios.get("https://m.maizuo.com/gateway?cityId=110100&ticketFlag=1&k=2942369").then(res => { }).catch(err => { console.log(err) })\
    axios({
      url: "https://m.maizuo.com/gateway?cityId=110100&ticketFlag=1&k=2942369",
      method: "get",
      headers: {
        'X-Client-Info': '{"a":"3000","ch":"1002","v":"5.2.0","e":"1650367356211930866253825","bc":"110100"}',
        'X-Host': 'mall.film-ticket.cinema.list'
      }
    }).then(res => {
      console.log(res.data.data.cinemas)
      this.setState({
        cinemaList: res.data.data.cinemas,
        bakcinemaList:res.data.data.cinemas
      })

    })

  }
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <input onInput={this.handleInput} />
        {
          this.state.cinemaList.map(item =>
            <dl key={item.cinemaId}>
              <dt>{item.name}</dt>
              <dd>{item.address}</dd>
            </dl>)
        }
      </div>
    )
  }

  handleInput = (event) => {
    console.log("input", event.target.value)

    var newlist = this.state.bakcinemaList.filter(item => item.name.toUpperCase().includes(event.target.value.toUpperCase()) ||
      item.address.toUpperCase().includes(event.target.value.toUpperCase()))

    console.log(newlist)

    this.setState({
      cinemaList:newlist
    })
    //每次都会重新覆盖

  }
}

/*
filter
*/

// var arr = ["aaa","abc","bbc","ddc"]
// var newarr= arr.filter(item=>item.includes("a"))
// console.log(newarr)

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