Minesweeper: GDI+ 初步实现

逻辑代码部分借鉴木野狐博客中的代码，参考http://www.cnblogs.com/RChen/archive/2005/07/07/188107.html，之后我会加入自己的设计调整。

一些必要的枚举：

public enum GameStatus
{
    NotStarted,
    Playing,
    Win,
    Lose
}

public enum MineCellStatus : short
{
    Covered,
    MarkDoubt,
    MarkMine,
    Uncovered,
    Exploded
}

public struct MineCell
{
    public MineCellStatus Status;
    public bool IsMine;        
    public byte NearbyMines;
}

将MineCell声明为struct或class代表了两种不同的设计策略，简单起见，先使用struct。

逻辑代码如下：

namespace xingd.Minesweeper
{
    public class MineBoard
    {
        private MineCell[,] cells = new MineCell[0, 0];

        private int totalMines;
        private int makedMines;
        private GameStatus status;

        public int Columns { get { return cells.GetLength(1); } }

        public int Rows { get { return cells.GetLength(0); } }

        public int TotalMines { get { return totalMines; } }
        public int MarkedMines { get { return makedMines; } }

        public GameStatus Status { get { return status; } }

        public MineCell this[int row, int col] { get { return cells[row, col]; } }

        public void Init(int rows, int columns, int mines)
        {
            if (rows <= 0 || columns <= 0 || mines >= columns * rows)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException();
            }

            cells = new MineCell[rows, columns];
            totalMines = mines;
            makedMines = 0;
            status = GameStatus.NotStarted;

            PlaceRandomMines();
            UpdateNearbyMinesCount();
        }

        public void Uncover(int row, int col)
        {
            if (!IsValidCell(row, col))
                return;

            if (status == GameStatus.NotStarted)
            {
                status = GameStatus.Playing;
            }

            MineCell cell = cells[row, col];

            if (cell.Status != MineCellStatus.Covered)
                return;
            
            if (cell.IsMine)
            {
                cells[row, col].Status = MineCellStatus.Exploded;
                this.status = GameStatus.Lose;
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                cells[row, col].Status = MineCellStatus.Uncovered;

            }

            // 如果周围雷数是 0， 那么顺便把周围的 8 个位置都翻开
            if (!cell.IsMine && cell.NearbyMines == 0)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < moves.GetLength(0); i++)
                    Uncover(row + moves[i, 0], col + moves[i, 1]);
            }
        }

        /**//**/
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 设定或取消标志, 相当于鼠标右键单击的行为
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="row"></param>
        /// <param name="col"></param>
        public void ChangeMark(int row, int col)
        {
            if (!IsValidCell(row, col))
                return;
            
            if (status == GameStatus.NotStarted)
            {
                status = GameStatus.Playing;
            }
            
            MineCell cell = cells[row, col];

            // 轮换几种标志
            switch (cell.Status)
            {
                case MineCellStatus.Covered:
                    cell.Status = MineCellStatus.MarkMine;
                    makedMines++;
                    break;
                case MineCellStatus.MarkMine:
                    cell.Status = MineCellStatus.MarkDoubt;
                    break;
                case MineCellStatus.MarkDoubt:
                    makedMines--;
                    cell.Status = MineCellStatus.Covered;
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }

            cells[row, col] = cell;
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 鼠标左右键同时按下行为
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="row"></param>
        /// <param name="col"></param>
        public void UncoverNearBy(int row, int col)
        {
            MineCell cell = cells[row, col];

            if (cell.Status == MineCellStatus.Uncovered && cell.NearbyMines > 0)
            {
                byte minesFound = 0;

                for (int i = 0; i < moves.GetLength(0); i++)
                {
                    int r = row + moves[i, 0];
                    int c = col + moves[i, 1];

                    if (IsValidCell(r, c) && cells[r, c].Status == MineCellStatus.MarkMine)
                        minesFound++;
                }

                if (minesFound == cell.NearbyMines)
                {
                    for (int i = 0; i < moves.GetLength(0); i++)
                    {
                        int r = row + moves[i, 0];
                        int c = col + moves[i, 1];

                        Uncover(r, c);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 检验游戏结果
        /// </summary>
        public void CheckGameResult()
        {
            if (makedMines == totalMines)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < Rows; i++)
                {
                    for (int j = 0; j < Columns; j++)
                    {
                        if (cells[i, j].Status == MineCellStatus.Covered)
                        {
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }

                status = GameStatus.Win;
            }
        }

        private void PlaceRandomMines()
        {
            int count = 0;
            Random r = new Random((int)DateTime.Now.Ticks);

            while (count < totalMines)
            {
                int row = r.Next(0, Rows);
                int col = r.Next(0, Columns);

                if (!cells[row, col].IsMine)
                {
                    cells[row, col].IsMine = true;
                    count++;
                }
            }
        }

        private bool IsValidCell(int row, int col)
        {
            return (row >= 0 && col >= 0 && row < Rows && col < Columns);
        }

        /**//**/
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 从一个格子出发向四周的可能的位移
        /// </summary>
        private int[,] moves = new int[8, 2] { { -1, -1 }, { -1, 0 }, { -1, 1 }, { 0, -1 }, { 0, 1 }, { 1, -1 }, { 1, 0 }, { 1, 1 } };

        private byte GetNearbyMines(int row, int col)
        {
            byte minesFound = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < moves.GetLength(0); i++)
            {
                int r = row + moves[i, 0];
                int c = col + moves[i, 1];

                if (IsValidCell(r, c) && cells[r, c].IsMine)
                    minesFound++;
            }
            return minesFound;
        }

        private void UpdateNearbyMinesCount()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < Rows; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < Columns; j++)
                {
                    cells[i, j].NearbyMines = GetNearbyMines(i, j);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

窗口代码如下：

namespace xingd.Minesweeper
{
    public partial class MineForm : Form
    {
        private MineBoard board = new MineBoard();

        private MouseButtons lastClickButton = MouseButtons.None;
        private long lastClickTicks = 0;
        
        private const int CellSize = 16;
        private const long ShortPeriod = 2000000L;
        private static readonly Rectangle CellRectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, CellSize, CellSize);

        public MineForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            SetStyle(ControlStyles.ResizeRedraw | ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint | ControlStyles.OptimizedDoubleBuffer, true);
        }

        protected override void OnLoad(EventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnLoad(e);

            Init(9, 9, 10);
        }

        public void Init(int rows, int columns, int mines)
        {
            board.Init(rows, columns, mines);
            ClientSize = new Size(columns * CellSize + 1, rows * CellSize + mainMenu.Height + 1);
            Invalidate();
        }

        protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnPaint(e);

            Graphics g = e.Graphics;
            
            for (int i = 0; i < board.Rows; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < board.Columns; j++)
                {
                    g.ResetTransform();
                    g.TranslateTransform(j * 16, i * 16 + mainMenu.Height);
                    
                    DrawCell(g, board[i, j]);
                }
            }
        }

        private void DrawCell(Graphics g, MineCell cell)
        {
            Rectangle rt = CellRectangle;
            
            StringFormat sf = new StringFormat();
            sf.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
            sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;

            if (cell.IsMine && board.Status == GameStatus.Lose)
            {
                g.FillRectangle(Brushes.DarkGray, rt);
                g.DrawString("@", Font, cell.Status == MineCellStatus.Exploded ? Brushes.Red : Brushes.DarkBlue, rt, sf);
            }
            else
            {
                if (cell.Status == MineCellStatus.Covered)
                {
                    g.FillRectangle(Brushes.DarkGray, rt);
                }
                else if (cell.Status == MineCellStatus.MarkMine)
                {
                    g.FillRectangle(Brushes.DarkGray, rt);
                    g.DrawString("#", Font, Brushes.DarkBlue, rt, sf);
                }
                else if (cell.Status == MineCellStatus.MarkDoubt)
                {
                    g.FillRectangle(Brushes.DarkGray, rt);
                    g.DrawString("?", Font, Brushes.DarkBlue, rt, sf);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (cell.NearbyMines > 0)
                    {
                        g.DrawString(cell.NearbyMines.ToString(), Font, Brushes.DarkBlue, rt, sf);
                    }
                }
            }

            g.DrawRectangle(Pens.Black, rt);

            sf.Dispose();
        }

        protected override void OnMouseClick(MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnMouseClick(e);

            if (board.Status != GameStatus.Playing && board.Status != GameStatus.NotStarted)
                return;
            
            int row, col;
            HitTest(e.Location, out row, out col);

            if (DateTime.Now.Ticks - lastClickTicks < ShortPeriod && ((lastClickButton | e.Button) == (MouseButtons.Left | MouseButtons.Right)))
            {
                board.UncoverNearBy(row, col);
            }
            
            if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
            {
                board.Uncover(row, col);
            }
            else if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Right)
            {
                board.ChangeMark(row, col);
            }

            board.CheckGameResult();

            if (board.Status == GameStatus.Win)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("You Win!");
            }

            Invalidate();
        }

        protected override void OnMouseDown(MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnMouseDown(e);

            if (DateTime.Now.Ticks - lastClickTicks < ShortPeriod)
            {
                lastClickButton |= e.Button;
            }
            else
            {
                lastClickButton = e.Button;
                lastClickTicks = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
            }
        }

        private void HitTest(Point pt, out int row, out int col)
        {
            col = pt.X / CellSize;
            row = (pt.Y - mainMenu.Height) / CellSize;
        }

        private void menuItemExit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.Close();
        }

        private void menuItemNew_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.Init(9, 9, 10);
        }
    }
}

非常简单，不过已经可以玩了，系列稍后的文章会对功能进行改进。

项目文件下载。

更正一：在MouseClick中，先Invalidate，再处理取胜判断，用户体验要好一些。